Uts
Uts
Uts
In a study
by Angeles (2004, 28-29), several determinants of school performance in the primary and secondary
levels were identified. Income, foregone income, school quality, and health are the factors that affect
the demand for education. These factors have a positive relationship with student’s performance, which
means that higher/ better values of the factors lead to higher demand for education. On the other hand,
factors that affect the supply of education are proximity to school, accessibility to schooling,
infrastructure and teacher-pupil ratio. All mentioned determinants, except teacher-pupil ratio, positively
affect school performance. With the emerging technological advancements, there are new factors that
may affect the quality of educated population (Oliveros and Sapio, 2007, 17-18). Several studies were
conducted to find out the relationship between technological advancements, specifically computers and
computer games, and students’ school performance. Studies indicate that children who play computer
games can improve visual intelligence skills. Parents believed that computer use is related to better
academic performance of the children. It was found that high school students who used educational
software at home scored significantly higher on computer literacy tests than other students. Computer
use at home is also associated with improvements in general academic performance. Other studies also
found that students who own computers at home had higher over-all grades, particularly in Math and
English, than those without home computers.
Family income, indirectly, has a huge influence on school performance. Students from high-income
families are more capable of buying school supplies, paying tuition fees, and attending review and/or
advance classes that may help them perform well in class, resulting in higher grades. Parent’s education
also affects students’ performance. Parents with higher educational attainment will have higher
valuation on education thus; will motivate children to exert more efforts in studying. Having a personal
computer at home will mean better access to computer games since the machine is free and always
available. Longer hours of playing games may be spent when there is computer at home. Time spent on
playing computer games largely affect students’ scholastic performance. As a student spend more time
playing, lesser hours are devoted for homework, reviews, and other school-related activities. Longer
hours of computer gaming might have a negative impact on school grades. Proximity of computer shops
to student’s house is another determinant of school performance. If a computer shop is located near a
student’s house, there is a greater tendency to play computer games rather than do school tasks.
Gender is one of the major determinants of computer gaming. Several studies have shown that the
probability of male students to engage in computer gaming is higher than females. Moreover, in terms
of frequency in playing, males are more frequent players than females. Many studies have shown that
the number of siblings is also a determinant in playing computer games. Frequent players are usually
those who belong to a small family with 1-2 children, especially if of opposite sex. Peer groups affect
individual’s attitude towards computer gaming. Those who belong to a group wherein members are
computer gamers have higher tendency to become a computer gamer than those who do not have.
Gaming addiction should be defined by how much the negatively impacts other areas of life, not
by how much time is spent playing (Griffiths, M et al. 2010). In a volunteer sample, 41% of
online gamers acknowledged that they use gaming as an escape. In the same sample, 7% were
viewed as “dependent”. These gamers possessed several behavioural attributes that are related
to more well established forms of addiction (e.g., mood modification, tolerance, & relapse)
(Hussain et al. 2009). Most online gamers are male. Among male gamers, more severe online
gaming addiction is correlated with older age, lower self-esteem, and lower dissatisfaction with
daily life. This relationship did not hold true for female gamers(Ko et al. 2005). Excessive use of
technology is relatively rare. Compared to females, males are more likely to develop a gaming
addiction. Boys are more likely to play aggressive or violent games while girls are more likely to
play platform and puzzle games (Griffiths, 2008). In Germany, 1.5 – 3.5% of teenage internet
users show signs of gaming addiction. Gaming addiction is associated with higher rates of
anxiety and depression, and poorer academic performance (Peukert et al. 2010). Computer
gaming addiction is positively correlated with achievement motivation, sensation-seeking, a
positive evaluation of one’s intelligence, and a negative evaluation of one’s skills in interpersonal
relationship (Zheng et al. 2006). In a sample of German teens, 6.3% of subjects fulfilled the
authors’ diagnostic criteria for gaming addiction. These adolescents were mostly male and had
low educational backgrounds (Klaus et al. 2008). Gaming addiction is negatively associated with
academic achievement (Chiu et al. 2004). So far there are no studies conducted as to the
percentage of senior high school students who are hooked to online games, thus, this study
would like to find out factors why senior high school students are addicted to online games.
These researches we study about the psychological factor, whether that is factor to the
online game addiction among students. Unlike with substance abuse, the biological
aspect of videogame addiction is uncertain. Research suggests gambling elevates
dopamine, but there’s more to addiction than brain chemistry (Rooij, Online video game
addiction: identification of addicted,2010). The addict suffers from a psychological
component to the addiction. Online gaming allows a person to escape the real world and
change the perception of self-worth (Rooij, Online video game addiction: identification
of addicted, 2010). An online gaming addiction is not that far from drug addiction. Both
are searching for a way to make they feel better. The lure of a fantasy world is especially
pertinent to online role-playing games. These are games in which a player assumes the
role of a fictional character and interacts with other players in a virtual world. An
intelligent child who is unpopular at school can feel dominant in the game. The virtual
life becomes more appealing than real life. Too much gaming may seem relatively
harmless compared with the dangers of a drug overdose, but experts say video game
addiction can ruin lives. Children who play four to five hours per day have no time for
socializing, doing homework, or playing sports leaving little time for normal social
development. According to Lan Ying Huang (2003), by playing the online game features
online gamer participants may view the games as source of providing diversion and
filling time. “The biggest risk factor for pathological video game useseems to be playing
games to escape from daily life,” said Joe Hilgard, lead author of the study and a
doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychological Sciences at
Missouri. “Individuals who play games to get away from their lives or to pretend to be
other people seem to be those most at-risk for becoming part of a vicious cycle. These
gamers avoid their problems by playing games, which in turn interferes with their lives
because they’re so busy playing games (Peters 7 et al, 2007). Internet addiction gives the
gamer to the unique psychological properties which is the users increase their use of
these internet services, the utility they gain from each usage does not diminish, leading
not only to self-destructive addiction but also to social ills. When a problem, playing
video games can interfere with real-life obligations such as work, and players can end up
lying about playing video games. The study found that “problematic” video game use can
have similar effects as other addictive activities, such as abusing alcohol (Inwon
Kang,2011).
Games addiction shows the bad effect among the people nowadays. Addiction to the
internet shares some of negative aspects of substance addiction and has been shown to
lead to consequences such as failing school, family and relationship problem (Brian. D.
NG, M.S & Peter. W. H, 2005). It can make the people who has addicted will feel that
the games can provide opportunities for achievement, freedom and even a connection to
the players. Those benefits trumped a shallow sense of fun, which doesn’t keep gamers
as interested (online gamers anonymous, 2008). The role of media in advertising the
games also make more cause why the games addicted will be more interested with those
games. In 2005, advertiser spent $80 million to reach game players, this spending is
expected to top $400 by 2009 (Park Associate 2006).
Family stability and the sustainability of the positive relationships
between family members are demand and target for all; so it is a mainstay of
society. These relationships need to find some kind of rapprochement
between the requirements and needs of different individuals in order to reach
the point of stability. By doing this, the family atmosphere can be
characterized by warmth and understanding. As a result of the different
needs of individuals, a kind of conflict may arise, and then family problems
that affect the stability of the family and cast a shadow over the community,
appear.
If the young people in any society, according to Tarrah (2011),
represent the category that is the most affected by social, economic and
political changes experienced by the society, identifying the visions of young
and their psychological, personal and community problems as perceived
become sociological and methodical necessities, especially family problems
which they suffer because of the magnitude of their effect on their behavior
and performance.
The importance of the subject of study lies in that the family
problems of youth represent the attention to the fate and security of society.
Young people in any society are a constructive force if properly used. They
are able to work and accomplish while acknowledging these young people's
ability to give, and to participate positively in their community issues. The
second importance is that the stage of youth is a transitional stage between
childhood and adulthood. The stage of youth serves as a preparation for the
social role which is being handled by the individual in his life and which
starts from the family, which requires understanding the nature of the
problems facing young people and then working to avoid and minimize their
impact to help provide the psychological and social conditions that are
suitable to take over the future role.
According to the Jabal (2012), family problems generally affect the
family's ability to cope with their burden. On the other hand, the prevalence
of these problems hinder the family and therefore individuals to perform the
required functions such as the social interaction, and the renaissance of
society scientifically and economically, which is expected to be performed
by society effectively, leading to the societal equilibrium.
This is what has been reached by many of the previous studies, in
study of Bushra Abu Layla (2002), it came in order to examine the
relationship between parental treatment methods and conduct disorder
among preparatory school students in schools of Gaza Strip, then to see what
European Scientific Journal May 2016 edition vol.12, No.13 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e -
ISSN 1857- 7431
147
has been adopted by each of these variables in explaining the different
number of family members, and the different level of education of both the
father and the mother. It has been working with most of the public schools of
preparatory stage for males in the educational directorates in Gaza and the
north. A deliberate sample consisting of (167) preparatory school students
who suffer from conduct disorder and a systematic random sample of normal
students consisting of (170) students, have been taken. So that an equal
number of normal and disturbed students of the same grade, has been taken.
School counselor and a group of teachers have identified these students. The
study has showed the importance of directing parents and teachers to stay
away from the use of scorn, ostracism, neglect and contradiction methods of
treatment because of their negative effects in forming a negative concept of
the self and others, which results in manifestations of abnormal behavior of
the individual. In addition to the importance of having a control authority in
the family and society characterized by stability, firmness and justice to
increase the religious awareness and to strengthen the values and trends that
call for tolerance, brotherhood and cooperation.
Study of (Harland, P. & Reijneveld, S. A. & Brugman, E & Verloove
- Vanhorick, S. P. & Verhulst, F. C., 2002) has aimed at identifying the
groups of children that are the most vulnerable to behavioral or emotional
problems on the basis of social and demographic characteristics, the
characteristics of the family, and the events of modern life and at focusing on
unemployment and divorce. Community sample has been composed of 4480
father and a mother of school-age children. Interviews have been conducted
with them about demographic characteristics, conditions of their families and
about the recent events in the child's life. The results have showed that the
characteristics of the family and the events of recent life have been
associated more strongly with the behavioral and emotional problems faced
by children. The risk is somewhat higher for children who have suffered
from parental unemployment and divorce recently, compared with those who
suffered these events in the distant past. We conclude that children, who
suffer from the recent experience that is the closest in time to unemployment
or divorce of parents, are likely to have a higher rate of behavioral and
emotional problems as reported by parents.
The study of Ann Najdawi (2003), has aimed at identifying the extent
of crime relationship to unemployment on the one hand and to the family
problems, on the other hand, from the overlap perspective of the relationship,
the sample size has been 150 people. The study has found a number of
findings, including: indicate the role of socialization; the study has
confirmed that 32% of respondents suffer from a lack of family guidance and
poor family upbringing; like giving excessive coquetry for sons and
overlooking their mistakes. The study has also emphasized the importance of
European Scientific Journal May 2016 edition vol.12, No.13 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e -
ISSN 1857- 7431
148
an appropriate way to deal with the social, psychological and economic
problems faced by a large segment of the Jordanian society.
The study of Wael Al-Tall, Akram Al-Khatabiyah, and Ali Asiri
(2004) has aimed at detecting the more family problems relating to the
treatment of parents, as well as the more personal psychological problems
among students Teachers College in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. The study has also
aimed at detecting the effect of the variation in the characteristics of these
students in terms of major, academic level and place of residence on the
degree of their suffering from family problems related to the parent treatment
and from personal psychological problems.
To achieve this objective, a questionnaire including -in its final form-
(26) problems that have branched off to: (17) family problems related to the
treatment of parents (authoritarian, rejection, discrimination, and
disagreements), and (9) personal psychological problems. The study sample
has consisted of 365 students. Search results have revealed that the most of
suffering of students of Teachers College in Jizan has been of (7) family
problems; all of which relate to authoritarianism and parental rejection, and
of (6) personal psychological problems. The study has also revealed that the
students who live in the city are relatively more suffering from family
problems related to parental treatment, at the level of overall degree of
problems, than the students who live in the village.
The study of (Gover, R. & Kaukinen, Catherine & Fox, A., 2008) has
shown that the violence in relationships is a serious social problem among
adolescents and young adults. The research deals with the relationship
between exposure to violence in the family and violence on others. The
research also deals with gender differences in the relationship between
exposure to physical and psychological violence during childhood and
committing the assault and abuse. Data have been collected from a sample of
about 2,500 university students of the two universities; Southern and Eastern.
The search results indicate that the exposure to violence in childhood is a
constant indicator of involvement in violent relationships for males and
females.
The study of Yasser Ismail (2009) has aimed at identifying the most
common and important behavioral problems among children deprived of
family care. And also it has aimed at identifying how different those
problems among the disadvantaged depending on variable of the period of
loss, its type, age of the child during the loss, gender and academic level. The
sample of the study has been (133) boys and girls between the ages of 10-16
years from accommodation establishments in the Gaza Strip.
The study has concluded results, including: 1- the most of the
problems afflicting deprived of a family environment are:"bad behavior,
neuroses, depression, emotional symptoms" primarily, and "problems wit
eople also ask
Do family problems affect students performance?