GENERAL PHYSICS 1
WORK , POWER AND ENERGY
(Weeks 5)
Grading Period: First Quarter
Content Standards: The learners demonstrate understanding of:
1. Dot or Scalar product
2. Work done by a force
3. Work-energy relation
4. Kinetic energy
5. Power
6. Conservative and non-conservative forces
7. Gravitational potential energy
8. Elastic potential energy
9. Equilibria and potential energy diagrams
10. Energy conservation, Work, and power problems.
Performance Standards: The learners should be able to:
Solve, using experimental and theoretical approaches, multi-concept, rich-content
problems involving measurement, vectors, motion in 1D and 2D, Newton’s Laws, Work, Energy,
Center of Mass, momentum, impulse and collisions.
Most Essential Learning Competencies: The learner can able to:
1. Calculate the dot or scalar product of vectors.
2. Determine the work done by a force acting on a system.
3. Define work as a scalar or dot product of force and displacement
4. Interpret the work done by a force in one – dimension as an area under a force vs. Position
curve.
5. Relate the gravitational potential energy of a system or object to the configuration of the
system.
6. Relate the elastic potential energy of a system or object to the configuration of the system.
7. Explain the properties and effects of conservative forces.
8. Use potential energy diagrams to infer force; stable, unstable, and neutral equilibria and
turning points.
9. Solve problems involving work, energy, and power in contexts such as, but not limited to,
bungee jumping, design of roller coasters, number of people required to built structures such
as the pyramids and the rice terraces, power and energy requirements of human activities
such as sleeping vs. sitting vs. .standing, running vs. walking.
References: E-book Workbook in General Physics 1
GENERAL PHYSICS 1
CONFIGURING y -axis
Plot the given coordinates
1. A ( 3, 0 )
2. B ( 4, 5 )
3. C ( 2, - 6 )
4. D ( 0, - 2 ) x - axis
DECODING
1. From the origin, draw a line with arrow point to plotted point B . What idea it gives you ?
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2. Do the same with point A. What did you produce with the two points ? Called it as ____ ?
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3. Can you name the two important factors of your answer in nos. 1 and 2 ?
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4. What you produce above is similar to our topic in unit 2. Can you identify the difference ?
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ADVANCING
Dot or Scalar product of vectors
sometimes vectors are represented and calculated by their
product
sometimes their coordinates are given and use.
help analyse the vectors and find angle between them.
Formula :
A•B = ax • bx + ay • by
A•B
Cos θ =
l A l• l B l
Where : A•B = vectors
x, y = coordinates of the two vectors l absolute vector l = √ x 2+ y 2
Examples:
1. From the above example : coordinate of vector A = ( 3, 0 ) and coordinate of vector B = ( 4, 5 )
.
a ) Find the dot product of the two vectors b ) find angle between them
Solution:
a ) identify the coordinate of the two vectors, then use the dot product formula
A•B = ax • bx + ay • by
= ( 3)( 4 ) + ( 0 )( 5 )
= 12 + 0
A•B = 12 ans. ( Therefore, the dot product of the two vectors is 12 )
b ) using the absolute vector formula, find l A l and l B l ( identify coordinates of vector A & B )
l A l = √ x 2+ y 2 l B l = √ x 2+ y 2
l A l = √ 32 +02 l B l = √ 4 2 + 52
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l A l = √ 9+0 l B l = √ 16+24
lAl= 3 l B l = √ 40 = 6.32
then, to find the angle between the two vectors, substitute the computed values to the formula :
A•B 12 12
Cos θ = = =
l A l• l B l l3 l • l6.32 l 18.96
Cos θ = 0.6329113.... ( press shift, cosine )
θ = 50.73 ᵒ ans.
( Therefore, the angle between the two vectors is 50.73 ᵒ )
* Work ( Wk )
is identifying the amount of force applied to the object and multiply this force to the
distance
the object move in that direction.
work is a scalar quantity.
Illustration : How work is computed with respect to the force applied.to the object in a given system.
a.) When the Force applied to an object is parallel to the distance move like pushing a
cabinet.
F object
Formula :
Where:
Wk = FS
F= force
s = displacement
θ object
b.) when force applied is at a certain angle, θ like
S pushing a grocery cart or a wheel chair.
Formula :
Wk = F cos θ S
c.)
Wk = Wh
*W = mg
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when object is lifted to a certain height like lifting
h your bag.
Object
Where:
W = weight
m = mass
h = height
g = local acceleration ( 9.8 m/s2 , 980 cm/s2 , 32 ft/s2 )
Units of Work
Using correct units in our discussion is very important.
The correct combination of units ( as shown below) will produce another unit.
Like multiplying units : Newton and meter, produces a new unit = joules.
System Work = F x s
Mks Joules ( J ) = Newton x m
Cgs Ergs = Dynes x cm
Fps Foot• pound = lb x ft
Note: 1.) No work is done if the force exerted on the object causes no displacement.
2.) No work is done if the force applied has a zero component in the direction of motion.
3.) In using the different formula, always check & follow the unit combination as shown
in the table.
Useful conversion factor : 1 joule ( J ) = 1 N•m and 1 erg = 1 dyne•cm
Illustrative problem using the different formula of work and unit awareness.
1. Ramdoy applied a force 12 Newton to push a cart on the frictionless floor to a distance of
4.56 m How much work is done?
Solution:
Step 1. Identify and get the given with correct units.
Given: F = 12 N and S = 4.56 m ( units are compatible in MKS and use formula a )
Step 2. Write the formula and substitute the given with correct units
Wk = ( F)(s ) = (12 N) (4.56 m ) = 54.72 N.m (1 joule = 1 N•m )
Step 3 Wk = 54.72 Joules. ( Answer contains correct numerical value and units ).
Therefore, the amount of work done by Ramdoy is 54.72 Joules ( conclusion )
GENERAL PHYSICS 1
2. Melody used a horizontal force of 15 N to push a cart on a ramp which is 680 cm long at an
angle of 320 above the horizontal. What work is done?
Solution:
Step 1. Identify and get the given with correct units. :
Given : F = 15 N S = 680 cm θ = 32ᵒ ( units not compatible in MKS and use formula b )
m
S = 680 cm x = 6.80m ( convert )
100 cm
Step 2. Write the formula and substitute the given with correct units
Wk = ( F)Cos θ)(s ) = (15 N) Cos 32 (6.80 m ) = 86.5 N.m (1 joule = 1 N•m )
Step 3 Wk = 86.5 Joules. ( Answer contains correct numerical value and units )
Therefore, the amount of work done by Melody is 86.5 Joules ( conclusion )
3. How much work is done in lifting a 40-lb baggage to a shelf 5.5 ft high ?
Solution:
Given : w = 40 lbs h = 5.5 ft. ( units in the FPS and use formula c )
Wk = wh = (40 lbs.) (5.5ft )
Wk = 220 ft-lbs. ( Answer contains correct numerical value and units )
Therefore, the amount of work done to lift the baggage is 220 ft.lb ( conclusion )
CREATING ( Now try this following exercises )
Name: ____________________________________________ Score: ___________
Section: _____________ Instructor: ___________________ Date: ___________
Exercise 5
Work
A. Instruction : Find the work done ? ( write the formula and substitute )
1.
Step 1 Given : F = 25 N S = 3.75 m
Step 2 Solution :
Step 3 Answer :
2.
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Step 1 Given : F = 12 dynes S = 65 cm θ = 42 ᵒ
Step 2 Solution :
Step 3 Answer :
3. .
Step 1 Given : W = 105 ft • lb S = 18 ft Find F = ?
Step 2 Solution :
Step 3 Answer :
B. Instruction : Read and solve the problem using the different steps.
1. A 490 N animal feed sack is to be lifted by the farm caretaker to a height of 250 cm. What is
work done by the caretaker ?
solution : ___________________________
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2. The work produce to move the container is 9,225 ergs. The force applied at a certain angle is
. 500 dynes to a distance of 20 cm. What is the angle form ?
solution : ___________________________
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D. Instruction : Answer the following questions
1. In problem no. 1 above : Did you easily compute the work done by the caretaker ?
explain why.
Answer:
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2. In problem no. 2 : What problem did you encounter to arrive at the final answer ?
explain why.
Answer :
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E. Instruction : Make a list of any object or thing that produce work.( exclude person ). Elaborate
how they produce work.
object How they produce work
Name: _____________________________________________ Score: ___________
Section: ______________ Instructor: ___________________ Date: ____________
Activity 5 ( for evaluation )
Work
A. Conceptual Question
1. For a constant force in the direction of the displacement, how can twice the work be done
by a force of half magnitude? (Source: Young & Freedman)
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2. Marlowel push and transfer his refrigerator to a certain distance. Since it is early morning,
he applies thrice the force. Explain how much work is done.
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B. Problem Solving
1. In the event of tug-of-war game, the CAS team pulls the SHS team by applying a force of
1500N to the rope between them. How much work does CAS team do to SHS team if they
pull them to a distance of 1.8m towards them?
2. How much work is done against the gravity in lifting 5kg box of school supplies through a
vertical distance of 1.5m?
3. Compute the work done against the gravity by a pump that discharges 600 liters of fuel oil
into a tank 20m above the pump’s intake. One cubic centimeter of fuel oil has a mass of
0.82g. (1 lit = 1000 cm3 ) (Source: Bueche & Hecht)
4. A tourist is to board the plane. He is pulling his travelling bag in his back using a force of
38 N with Some displacement of 80 meters. The angle form between the floor and force
is 52ᵒ . Find the work done by the tourist.?
5. A robot toy of mass 0.56 kg hangs on the terrace with a string. A boy notice it and pulled
the string up to a distance of 3.2 meters. Hoe much work is done in pulling the string ?
( Hint : check compatibility of the units. )
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GENERAL PHYSICS 1
