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Tolerance and Allowance: Elements of Theory of Machines and Machine Design

This document defines key terms related to tolerance and allowance in machine design, including: - Basic size, which is the reference size limits or deviations are assigned to - Deviation, which is the difference between a size and the basic size - Tolerance, which is the difference between maximum and minimum size limits - Allowance, which is the designed deviation between mating dimensions for a desired fit It also provides equations for determining the size limits of holes and shafts for different types of fits, such as clearance, interference, medium drive, sliding, and close running fits, based on the basic size, fundamental deviation, and tolerance. Sample problems are given to demonstrate applying these definitions and equations.

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120 views19 pages

Tolerance and Allowance: Elements of Theory of Machines and Machine Design

This document defines key terms related to tolerance and allowance in machine design, including: - Basic size, which is the reference size limits or deviations are assigned to - Deviation, which is the difference between a size and the basic size - Tolerance, which is the difference between maximum and minimum size limits - Allowance, which is the designed deviation between mating dimensions for a desired fit It also provides equations for determining the size limits of holes and shafts for different types of fits, such as clearance, interference, medium drive, sliding, and close running fits, based on the basic size, fundamental deviation, and tolerance. Sample problems are given to demonstrate applying these definitions and equations.

Uploaded by

imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOLERANCE AND ALLOWANCE

Elements of Theory of Machines and Machine Design

Md. Arif Mahmud Shuklo Shoshe


Fall 2020
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
Table of contents

1. Definitions

2. Equations Used

3. Problem

1
Definitions
Tolerance and Allowance

Upper deviation, ␦u Max. size, dmax


Lower deviation, ␦l Min. size, dmin

International tolerance
grade, ⌬d (IT number)

Fundamental deviation,
␦F (letter)

Basic size, D(d)


Lower deviation, ␦l
Upper deviation, ␦u

Fundamental deviation,
International tolerance ␦F (letter)
grade, ⌬D (IT number)
Min. size, Dmin
Max. size, Dmax

Definitions applied to a cylindrical fit.

2
Definitions

Basic size is the size to which limits or deviations are assigned


and is the same for both members of the fit.

3
Definitions

Basic size is the size to which limits or deviations are assigned


and is the same for both members of the fit.
Deviation is the algebraic difference between a size and the
corresponding basic size.

3
Definitions

Basic size is the size to which limits or deviations are assigned


and is the same for both members of the fit.
Deviation is the algebraic difference between a size and the
corresponding basic size.
Upper deviation is the algebraic difference between the
maximum limit and the corresponding basic size.

3
Definitions

Basic size is the size to which limits or deviations are assigned


and is the same for both members of the fit.
Deviation is the algebraic difference between a size and the
corresponding basic size.
Upper deviation is the algebraic difference between the
maximum limit and the corresponding basic size.
Lower deviation is the algebraic difference between the
minimum limit and the corresponding basic size.

3
Definitions

Fundamental deviation is either the upper or the lower


deviation, depending on which is closer to the basic size.

4
Definitions

Fundamental deviation is either the upper or the lower


deviation, depending on which is closer to the basic size.
Tolerance is the difference between the maximum and minimum
size limits of a part.

4
Definitions

Fundamental deviation is either the upper or the lower


deviation, depending on which is closer to the basic size.
Tolerance is the difference between the maximum and minimum
size limits of a part.
Allowance is the amount of designed deviation between two
mating dimensions for a desired fit.

4
Definitions

Fundamental deviation is either the upper or the lower


deviation, depending on which is closer to the basic size.
Tolerance is the difference between the maximum and minimum
size limits of a part.
Allowance is the amount of designed deviation between two
mating dimensions for a desired fit.
Hole basis represents a system of fits corresponding to a basic
hole size. The fundamental deviation is H.

4
Equations Used
Equations Used

For the hole,


Dmax = D + ∆D Dmin = D

5
Equations Used

For the hole,


Dmax = D + ∆D Dmin = D

For shafts with clearance fits c, d, f, g, and h,

dmax = d + δF dmin = d + δF − ∆d

5
Equations Used

For the hole,


Dmax = D + ∆D Dmin = D

For shafts with clearance fits c, d, f, g, and h,

dmax = d + δF dmin = d + δF − ∆d

For shafts with interference fits k, n, p, s, and u,

dmin = d + δF dmax = d + δF + ∆d

5
Problem
Problem

Problem 1
Find the hole and shaft limits for a medium drive fit using a basic
hole size of 50 mm.

Problem 2
Find the shaft and hole dimensions for a sliding fit with a 34 mm
basic size.

Problem 3
Find the hole and shaft limits for a close running fit using a basic
hole size of 45 mm.

6
Questions?

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