ABSTRACT:

Home automation is becoming popular due to its numerous benefits. Home automation refers to
the control of home appliances and domestic features by local networking or by remote control.
Artificial Intelligence provides us the framework to go real-time decision and automation for Internet
of Things (IoT).The work deals with discussion about different intelligent home automation systems
and technologies from a various features standpoint. The work focuses on concept of home
automation where the monitoring and control operations are facilitating through smart devices
installed in residential buildings. Heterogeneous homeautomation systems and technologies
considered in review with central controller based (Arduino or Raspberry pi), web based, email
based, Bluetooth-based, mobile-based, SMS based, ZigBee based, Dual Tone Multi Frequency-based,
cloud-based and the Internet with performance.

INTRODUCTION:

Automation is a technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process by electronic

devices with reducing human involvement to a minimum. The fundamental of building an
automation system for an office or home is increasing day-by-day with numerous benefits.
Industrialist and researchers are working to build efficient and affordability automatic systems to
monitor and control different machines like lights, fans, AC based on the requirement. Automation
makes not only an efficient but also an economical use of the electricity and water and reduces
much of the wastage. IoT grant to people and things to be connected Any-time, anyplace, with
anyone, ideally using any network and any service. Automation is another important application of
IoT technologies. It is the monitoring of the energy consumption and the Controlling the
environment in buildings, schools, offices and museums by using different types of sensors and
actuators that control lights, temperature, and humidity.

HOME AUTOMATION: The Smart home known as House automation, with the use of new
technology, to make the domestic activities more convenient, comfortable, secure and economical.
The home automation system includes main components which are:

User interface: as a monitor, computer, or Phone, for example, that can give orders to control
System.

Mode of transmission: wired connections (example Ethernet) or Wireless (radio waves, infrared,
Bluetooth, GSM) etc.

Central Controller: It is hardware interface that communicates with user interface by controlling
domestic services

Electronic devices, a lamp, an AC or a heater, which is compatible with the transmission mode, and
connected to the Central control system.
The diagram shows projected trends in the smart home market in the coming year.

Popularity of Smart home in market

Features of Home Automation System:

In recent years, wireless systems like Remote Control have become more popular in home
networking. Also in automation systems, the use of wireless technologies provide several
advantages that could not be achieved with the use of a wired network only.

Reduced Installation costs:

Installation costs are significantly reduced since no cabling is necessary.

Internet Connectivity:

Control devices from anywhere in the world with use mobile phones to control smart home.

Scalable and Expandable:

With the Compare of Wireless network is especially useful when, due to New or changed
requirements, an extension of the network is necessary.

Security: Easily add devices to create an integrated smart home security system and built-in security
ensures integrity of smart home.
Challenges of Home Automation System:

The work of John J. Greichen discussed some of the early challenges faced by home automation
systems. These include high manufacturing costs, high development costs, high installation costs,
additional service and support costs, lack of home automation standards, consumer unfamiliarity
with technology, and complex user interfaces. With the advancement of time, rapid development in
technology and processing power which leads to a considerable reduction in device cost and size. All
of these factors have contributed to the popularity of electronic devices today, so people are no
longer confused or unsure about the use of the computer, mobiles, or tablets. Moreover, a lot of
home automation protocols, communication and interface standards.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

In this section, discussed different Home Automation System with their technology with features,
benefit and limitations they have. The below diagram shows Basic Architecture of Remote Home
Automation.

Basic Block Diagram of Home Automation

The Home automation system that uses Wi-Fi technology. System consists of three main
components; web server, which presents system core that controls, and monitors users’ home and
hardware interface module(Arduino PCB (ready-made), Wi-Fi shield PCB, 3 input alarms PCB, and 3
output actuators PCB.), which provides appropriate interface to sensors and actuator of home
automation system. The System is better from the scalability and flexibility point of view than the
commercially available home automation systems. The User may use the same technology to login
to the server web based application. .If server is connected to the internet, so remote users can
access server web based application through the internet using compatible web browser. The
application has been developed based on the android system. An interface card has been developed
to assure communication between the remote user, server, raspberry pi card and the home
Appliances. The application has been installed on an android Smartphone, a web server, and a
raspberry pi card to control the shutter of windows. Android application on a smartphone issue
command to raspberry pi card. An interface card has been realized to update signals between the
actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card. Cloud-based home appliance monitoring and controlling
System. Design and implement a home gateway to collect metadata from home appliances and send
to the cloud-based data server to store on HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), process them
using MapReduce and use to provide a monitoring function to Remote user. It has been
implemented with Raspberry Pi through reading the subject of E-mail and the algorithm. Raspberry
Pi proves to be a powerful, economic and efficient platform for implementing the smart home
automation.Raspberry pi based home automation is better than other home automation methods is
several ways. For example, in home automation through DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency), the call
tariff s a huge disadvantage, which is not the case in their proposed method. Also, in Web server
based home automation, the design of web server and the memory space required is ejected by this
method, because it simply uses the already existing web server service provided by G-mail. LEDs
were used to indicate the switching action. System is interactive, efficient and flexible. Shih-Pang
Tseng et al. Proposed Smart House Monitor & Manager (SHMM), based on the ZigBee, all sensors
and actuators are connected by a ZigBee wireless network. They designed a simple smart socket,
which can remote control via ZigBee. PC host is used as a data collector and the motion sensing, all
sensing data are transferred to the VM in the cloud. The user can use the PC or Android phone to
monitor or control through the Internet to power-saving of the house. Arduino microcontroller to
receive user commands to execute through an Ethernet shield. Our house network used together
both wireless ZigBee and wired X10 technologies. This system followed smart task scheduling with a
heuristic for the Resource-constrained-scheduling problem (RCPSP). The mobile device can be either
wired to the central controller through USB cable or communicates with it wirelessly, within the
scope of the home. Arduino contains the web server application that communicates through the
HTTP protocol with Web-based Android application. The system is highly flexible and scalable and
expandable. The home network which monitors the appliances and sensors and transmits data to
the cloud-based data server which manages the information and provides services for users by
transmitting data and receiving user commands from mobile application. The proposed system has
good modularity and configurability characteristics with very low power consumption in cost
efficient way. Application developed using the Android platform controlled and monitored from a
remote location using the smart home app and an Arduino Ethernet based micro web-server. The
sensors and actuators/relays are directly interfaced to the main controller. Proposed design offers
are the control of energy management systems such as lightings, heating, air conditioning, security,
fire detection and intrusion detection with siren and email notifications. Embedded system
Raspberry Pi to serve as a communication gateway between mobile devices and Konnex-Bus (KNX)
home automation systems. Store the information of all actors and sensors within a Smart Home,
instead of using separate profiles. Ensures energy-consumption could be reduced, compared to a
standard desktop computer. Dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) used in telephone lines. There are
three components in the system DTMF receiver and ring detector, IO interface unit, PC. The PC
detects the ringing of the line and then authenticates the user and use the keypad tones to control
the devices as required. An example of stepper motor control is taken up. This system has the
advantage of being secure and allowing international standardization. This is because the DTMF
tones are the same all over the world. But it suffers from the drawback that the number of
appliances is limited by the number of keys in the keypad. PIC16F887 microcontroller for home
appliances controls with GSM for control of the appliances. It has high availability, coverage and
security but the cost of SMS. AT commands can be sent through the GSM network to controls the
home devices. The system does not does not have any state information related to the devices and
expects the user to keep track of it. Arduino board is the controller used to control the appliances by
using GSM technology. It uses certain peripheral drivers and relays to achieve this interfacing. The
application on smartphone generates SMS messages based on the user commands and sends it to
the GSM modem attached to the Arduino and control the home appliances. The system has
drawbacks of cost and reliability of SMS. An interface cannot be customized based on devices. It has
been designed Arduino board with Bluetooth board were developed for home automation. Python
program is used on the cell phone to provide the user interface. The Bluetooth board has I/O ports
and relays are used for interfacing with the devices which are to be controlled and monitor. The
Bluetooth is password protected to ensure that the system is secure from intruders. The Bluetooth
has a range of 10 to 100.