COMPLEX ANALYSIS, PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS

Module-1
Calculus of complex functions: Review of function of a complex variable, limits, continuity, and differentiability. Analytic
functions: Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian and polar forms and consequences.
Construction of analytic functions: Milne-Thomson method-Problems.

Module-2
Conformal transformations: Introduction. Discussion of transformations: w = z2, w = ez, w = z + 1/z, (z≠0) Bilinear
transformations- Problems.
Complex integration: Line integral of a complex function-Cauchy’s theorem and Cauchy’s integral formula and problems.

Module-3
Probability Distributions: Review of basic probability theory. Random variables (discrete and continuous), Probability mass/density
functions. Binomial, Poisson, exponential and normal distributions-problems (No derivation for mean and standard deviation)-Illustrative
examples.
Module-4
Statistical Methods: Correlation and regression-Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and rank correlation-problems. Regression
analysis- lines of regression –problems.
Curve Fitting: Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting the curves of the form-
y = ax + b, y = axb and y = ax2 + bx + c.
Module-5
Joint probability distribution: Joint Probability distribution for two discrete random variables, expectation and covariance.
Sampling Theory: Introduction to sampling distributions, standard error, Type-I and Type-II errors. Test of hypothesis for means,
student’s t-distribution, Chi-square distribution as a test of goodness of fit.

ANALOG CIRCUITS
Module -1
BJT Biasing: Biasing in BJT amplifier circuits: The Classical Discrete circuit bias (Voltage divider bias), Biasing using a collector to
base feedback resistor.
Small signal operation and Models: Collector current and transconductance, Base current and input resistance, Emitter current and
input resistance, voltage gain, Separating the signal and the DC quantities, The hybrid Π model.
MOSFETs: Biasing in MOS amplifier circuits: Fixing VGS, Fixing VG, Drain to Gate feedback resistor.
Small signal operation and modeling: The DC bias point, signal current in drain, voltage gain, small signal equivalent circuit
models, transconductance. [Text 1: 3.5(3.5.1, 3.5.3), 3.6(3.6.1 to 3.6.6), 4.5(4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.5.3), 4.6(4.6.1 to 4.6.6) ]

Module -2
MOSFET Amplifier configuration: Basic configurations, characterizing amplifiers, CS amplifier with and without source resistance
RS, Source follower.
MOSFET internal capacitances and High frequency model: The gate capacitive effect, Junction capacitances, High frequency
model.
Frequency response of the CS amplifier: The three frequency bands, high frequency response, Low frequency response.
Oscillators: FET based Phase shift oscillator, LC and Crystal Oscillators (no derivation) [Text 1: 4.7(4.7.1 to 4.7.4, 4.7.6) 4.8(4.8.1,
4.8.2, 4.8.3), 4.9, 12.2.2, 12.3.1, 12,3,2]

Module -3
Feedback Amplifier: General feedback structure, Properties of negative feedback, The Four Basic Feedback Topologies, The series-
shunt, series-series, shunt-shunt and shunt-series amplifiers (Qualitative Analysis).
Output Stages and Power Amplifiers: Introduction, Classification of output stages,, Class A output stage, Class B output stage:
Transfer Characteristics, Power Dissipation, Power Conversion efficiency, Class AB output stage, Class C tuned Amplifier. [Text 1: 7.1,
7.2, 7.3, 7.4.1, 7.5.1, 7.6 (7.6.1 to 7.6.3), 13.1, 13.2, 13.3(13.3.1, 13.3.2, 13.3.3, 13.4, 13.7)]

Module -4
Op-Amp with Negative Feedback and general applications
Inverting and Non inverting Amplifiers – Closed Loop voltage gain, Input impedance, Output impedance, Bandwidth with feedback. DC
and AC Amplifiers, Summing, Scaling and Averaging Amplifiers, Instrumentation amplifier, Comparators, Zero Crossing Detector,
Schmitt trigger. [Text 2: 3.3(3.3.1 to 3.3.6), 3.4(3.4.1 to 3.4.5) 6.2, 6.5, 6.6 (6.6.1), 8.2, 8.3, 8.4]
 Module -5
Op-Amp Circuits: DAC - Weighted resistor and R-2R ladder, ADC- Successive approximation type, Small Signal half wave rectifier,
Active Filters, First and second order low-pass and highpass Butterworth filters, Band-pass filters, Band reject filters.
555 Timer and its applications: Monostable and a stable Multivibrators. [Text 2: 8.11(8.11.1a, 8.11.1b), 8.11.2a, 8.12.2, 7.2, 7.3,
7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.8, 7.9, 9.4.1, 9.4.1(a), 9.4.3, 9.4.3(a)]

CONTROL SYSTEMS
Module – 1
Introduction to Control Systems: Types of Control Systems, Effect of Feedback Systems, Differential equation of Physical
Systems –Mechanical Systems, Electrical Systems, Electro-mechanical systems, Analogous Systems.

Module – 2
Block diagrams and signal flow graphs: Transfer functions, Block diagram algebra and Signal Flow graphs.

Module – 3
Time Response of feedback control systems: Standard test signals, Unit step response of First and Second order
Systems. Time response specifications, Time response specifications of second order systems, steady state errors and error
constants. Introduction to PI, PD and PID Controllers (excluding design).

Module – 4
Stability analysis: Concepts of stability, Necessary conditions for Stability, Routhstability criterion, Relative stability analysis
more on the Routh stability criterion. Introduction to Root-Locus Techniques, The root locus concepts, Construction of
rootloci.
Frequency domain analysis and stability: Correlation between time and frequency response, Bode Plots, Experimental
determination of transfer function.
Module – 5
Introduction to Polar Plots, (Inverse Polar Plots excluded) Mathematical preliminaries, Nyquist Stability criterion, (System s
with transportation lag excluded) Introduction to lead, lag and lead- lag compensating networks (excluding design).
Introduction to State variable analysis: Concepts of state, state variable and state models for electrical systems, Solution
of state equations.

ENGINEERING STATISTICS and LINEAR ALGEBRA

Module -2
Multiple Random variables: Concept, Two variable CDF and PDF, Two Variable expectations (Correlation, orthogonality,
Independent), Two variable transformation, Two Gaussian Random variables, Sum of two independent Random Variables,
Sum of IID Random Variables – Central limit Theorem and law of large numbers, Conditional joint
Probabilities, Application exercises to Chi-square RV, Student-T RV, Cauchy and Rayleigh RVs. (Chapter 5 Text 1)

Module-3
Random Processes: Ensemble, PDF, Independence, Expectations, Stationarity, Correlation Functions (ACF, CCF, Addition,
and Multiplication), Ergodic Random Processes, Power Spectral Densities (Wiener Khinchin, Addition and Multiplication of
RPs, Cross spectral densities), Linear Systems (output Mean, Cross correlation and Auto correlation of Input and output),
Exercises with Noise. (Chapter 6 Text 1)

Module -4
Vector Spaces: Vector spaces and Null subspaces, Rank and Row reduced form, Independence, Basis and dimension,
Dimensions of the four subspaces, Rank-Nullity Theorem, Linear Transformations
Orthogonality: Orthogonal Vectors and Subspaces, Projections and Least squares, Orthogonal Bases and Gram- Schmidt
Orthogonalization procedure. (Refer Chapters 2 and 3 Text 2)

Module -5
Determinants: Properties of Determinants, Permutations and Cofactors. (Refer Chapter 4, Text 2)
Eigenvalues and Eigen vectors: Review of Eigenvalues and Diagonalization of a Matrix, Special Matrices (Positive Definite,
Symmetric) and their properties, Singular Value Decomposition. (Refer Chapter 5, Text 2)
 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Module-1
Introduction and Classification of signals: Definition of signal and systems, communication and control system as
examples Classification of signals.
Basic Operations on signals: Amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, differentiation, integration, time scaling, time shift
and time reversal.
Elementary signals/Functions: Exponential, sinusoidal, step,impulse and ramp functions. Expression of triangular,
rectangular and other waveforms in terms of elementary signals.

Module -2
System Classification and properties: Linear-nonlinear, Time variant-invariant, causal-noncausal, static-dynamic, stable-
unstable, invertible.
Time domain representation of LTI System: Impulse response, convolution sum, convolution integral. Computation of
convolution sum and convolution integral using graphical method for unit step and unit step, unit step and exponential,
exponential and exponential, unit step and rectangular, and rectangular and rectangular .

Module-3
LTI system Properties in terms of impulse response: System interconnection, Memory less, Causal, Stable, Invertible and
Deconvolution, and step response.
Fourier Representation of Periodic Signals: CTF Sproperties and basic problems.

Module -4
Fourier Representation of aperiodic Signals: Introduction to Fourier Transform & DTFT, Definition and basic problems.
Properties of Fourier Transform: Linearity, Time shift, Frequency shift, Scaling, Differentiation and Integration, Convolution
and Modulation, Parseval’s theorem and problems on properties of Fourier Transform.

Module -5
The Z-Transforms: Z transform, properties of the region of convergence, properties of the Z-transform, Inverse Z-transform,
Causality and stability, Transform analysis of LTI systems.

MICROCONTROLLER
Module-1
8051 Microcontroller: Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller, Embedded Systems, Embedded Microcontrollers, 8051 Architecture-
Registers, Pin diagram, I/O ports functions, Internal Memory organization. External Memory (ROM & RAM) interfacing.

Module -2
8051 Instruction Set: Addressing Modes, Data Transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Branch
instructions, Bit manipulation instructions. Simple Assembly language program examples (without loops) to use these instructions.

Module-3
8051 Stack, I/O Port Interfacing and Programming: 8051 Stack, Stack and Subroutine instructions. Assembly language
program examples on subroutine and involving loops. Interfacing simple switch and LED to I/O ports to switch on/off LED with
respect to switch status.
Module -4
8051 Timers and Serial Port: 8051 Timers and Counters – Operation and Assembly language programming to generate a pulse
using Mode-1 and a square wave using Mode-2 on a port pin. 8051 Serial Communication- Basics of Serial Data Communication,
RS-232 standard, 9 pin RS232 signals, Simple Serial Port programming in Assembly and Cto transmit a message and to receive
data serially.

Module -5
8051 Interrupts and Interfacing Applications: 8051 Interrupts. 8051 Assembly language programming to generate an external
interrupt using a switch, 8051 C programming to generate a square waveform on a port pin using a Timer interrupt. Interfacing
8051 to ADC-0804, DAC, LCD and Stepper motor and their 8051 Assembly language interfacing programming.