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F KL M: Physics Laboratory, Department of Arts & Sciences, Baust

This document outlines an experiment to determine the spring constant and effective mass of a loaded spring. It provides the theory behind spring constant k and effective mass m', showing that k is proportional to applied force and inversely proportional to extension. It also explains that m' depends on the total load and spring mass. The experiment uses a spring, masses, timer and balance to collect extension, time period, and load data across observations. Graphs of force vs. extension and time period vs. load are used to calculate k and m' from the slope and intercepts. The results and spring constant and effective mass are discussed.

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Shan10
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71 views

F KL M: Physics Laboratory, Department of Arts & Sciences, Baust

This document outlines an experiment to determine the spring constant and effective mass of a loaded spring. It provides the theory behind spring constant k and effective mass m', showing that k is proportional to applied force and inversely proportional to extension. It also explains that m' depends on the total load and spring mass. The experiment uses a spring, masses, timer and balance to collect extension, time period, and load data across observations. Graphs of force vs. extension and time period vs. load are used to calculate k and m' from the slope and intercepts. The results and spring constant and effective mass are discussed.

Uploaded by

Shan10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name of the Experiment: Determination of the spring constant and effective mass of a

loaded spring.

Theory: If a spiral spring clamped vertically at upper end P as shown in fig.1. and subjected
to applied load, m0 at lower end, then the extension l becomes proportional to the applied
force i.e.,
F = kl
m0g = kl

= (1)

where k is a constant of proportionality called spring constant.

The period of vibration of the spring along a vertical line is given by

+
=2 =2 (2)

where m/ is a constant called the effective mass of the spring and M is the total load of the spring.

The effective mass of the vibrating system can be shown as


follows. Consider the kinetic energy of a spring and its load
undergoing simple harmonic motion. At the instant under
consideration let the load m0 be moving with velocity v0 as
shown in fig.1.

At this same instant as element dm of the mass m of the spring


will also be moving up but with a velocity v which is smaller
than v0. It is evident that the ratio between v and v0 is just the
ratio between y and y0. Hence = i.e, = .

The kinetic energy of the spring alone will be .

But dm may be written as , where m is the mass of the spring. Fig. 1.

Thus, the integral equals to ( ) . The total kinetic energy of the system will then be ( + )
and the effective mass of the system is, therefore, = +

Hence effective mass, = (3)

Apparatus: A spiral spring, Masses with hanging arrangement, Weighing balance, Stop
watch and scale.

PHYSICS LABORATORY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES, BAUST


Experimental data:
Table-1: Data for determination of extensions and time period.
No Loads, Length of the Length of the Extension, Time for Mean Time Period, T2
of m0 (gm) spring spring with L = L2-L1 10 Time, t T = t/10 (Sec2)
obs without load, load, L2 (cm) (cm) oscillations (sec) (sec)
L1 (cm) (sec)
1
2
3
4
5

Calculations:

" %& '


From graph 1, Slope = $! "$# = % =
! #

=……………..cm/gm.
\

= = 981 ×
' +',-.
Spring constant,

=……………….... dynes/cm.

From graph-2 effective mass of spring, =……………...gm

Results:
The spring constant is ……………. dynes/cm.

The effective mass is …………………gm.

Discussions:

PHYSICS LABORATORY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES, BAUST

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