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Optical Comm.

1) The document discusses Fresnel reflection loss in step index optical fibers. It calculates the reflection loss as 0.16955 and the power coupled into the fiber as 601.34 micro-Watts for a fiber with core refractive index of 3.6 and surrounding index of 1.5. 2) It then calculates the overall power conversion efficiency from the LED source to the fiber as 0.32% based on the coupled power of 601.34 micro-Watts and source power of 0.19 Watts. 3) The relationship between electrical and optical modulation bandwidth is explored, with the optical bandwidth being approximately √2 times higher than the electrical bandwidth assuming a Gaussian frequency response.

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Odoch Herbert
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25 views5 pages

Optical Comm.

1) The document discusses Fresnel reflection loss in step index optical fibers. It calculates the reflection loss as 0.16955 and the power coupled into the fiber as 601.34 micro-Watts for a fiber with core refractive index of 3.6 and surrounding index of 1.5. 2) It then calculates the overall power conversion efficiency from the LED source to the fiber as 0.32% based on the coupled power of 601.34 micro-Watts and source power of 0.19 Watts. 3) The relationship between electrical and optical modulation bandwidth is explored, with the optical bandwidth being approximately √2 times higher than the electrical bandwidth assuming a Gaussian frequency response.

Uploaded by

Odoch Herbert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1

2
n 1−n
Fresnel reflection loss, r ¿
n1+ n( ) where from

n1 =¿refractive index of the core and

n=¿ refractive index of the surrounding media

Taking n1 =3.6 and n=1.5 ;

3.6−1.5 2
r= ( 3.6+1.5 ) =0.16955

i) Optical loss due to Fresnel reflection ¿−10 log (1−r ) ¿−10 log (1−0.16955 )
¿ 0.81 dB
2
ii) Optical power coupled, Pc =π (1−r) A R D ( NA )

Where; A=¿ emission area of the source and R D=¿radiance of the source

Given; Diameter of the source, d=90 μm and R D=40 W sr cm and NA =¿ 0.3


−1 −2

d 2
A=¿ π ()
2
2
=π ( 45 μm ) =6.3643× 10−9 m2

A=¿ 6.3643 ×10−5 cm2


Therefore, the optical power coupled into the step index fiber;

Pc =π ( 1−0.16955 ) ×6.3643 ×10−5 × 40 × ( 0.3 )2=6.0134 ×10−4 W


Pc =601.34 μW ≅ 600 μW

iii) If the optical power is emitted into air

n 1−n 2
From the Fresnel Reflection loss, r ¿
n1+ n( )since the surrounding is air, n=¿ 1 and n1 =¿

3.6

3.6−1 2
r= ( 3.6+1 )=0.32

But also the NA =1, A=6.3643× 10−5 cm 2 and R D=40 W sr cm


−1 −2

2
Therefore, the optical power coupled, Pc =π (1−r) A R D ( NA )
Pc =π ( 1−0.32 ) ×6.3643 ×10−5 × 40 × ( 1 )2=5.44 × 10−3
Pc =5.44 mW
Question 2
power coupled into the stepindex fiber
The overall power conversion efficiency ¿ ×100
power emiited by the LED
Pc
The overall power conversion efficiency ¿ ×100
P
Optical power coupled, Pc =601.34 μW and P=IV =100 m× 1.9=0.19 W
601.34 μ
The overall power conversion efficiency ¿ ×100=0.32 %
0.19

Question 3

Relationship between electrical bandwidth and optical modulation bandwidth for optical fiber
communication system

The graph above shows frequency response for a optical fiber system showing electrical and optical
bandwidth
The relationship is obtained by comparing the electrical currents through the system

I out 2 /R out
E BW =10 log ( I ¿ 2 /R ¿ )
since Rout =R¿

I out
E BW =20 log ( )I¿
Electrical 3dB point occurs when the ratio of electrical power squared is ½

I out 2 1
( )
I¿
=
2
I out 1
Thus, =
I¿ √2
1
Therefore, the output current has dropped to ≅ 0.707 of the input current
√2
Optical bandwidth: refers ratio of optical output power to optical input power expressed as decibel

O BW =10 log ⁡ ( II )
out

Due to linear current relationships of source and detector


Hence optical 3 dB point occurs when the ratio of current is ½ thus;
I out 1
=
I¿ 2
Hence the output current has dropped to ½ of the input current
Taking points at 3 dB, optical bandwidth is frequency greater than electrical bandwidth
The difference between optical bandwidth is significantly greater than electrical bandwidth
The difference between optical and electrical bandwidth in terms of frequency depends on shape of
frequency response
But assuming frequency system response to be Gaussian, optical bandwidth in factor of √ 2 greater than
the electrical bandwidth
Assuming a Gaussian Frequency response,
3 dB optical bandwidth ¿ √ 2× 3 dB electrical bandwidth

¿ √ 2× 50 MHz=70.1 MHz

Question 4
From the formula;
Transmitter power(dB)¿ Reciever sensitivity(dB) +¿ fiber loss +¿ connector loss +¿ system Margin
Fiber links i.e. between 1 and 5 km
Fiber Loss ¿ 5 ×0.5=2.5 dB
Connector loss ¿ 4 ×0.3=1.2dB
System margin ¿ 10 dB
0.5 μ
Receiver sensitivity ¿ 10 log ( 0.001 )=−33.01 dB
Transmitter power (dB) ¿−33.01+ 10+1.2+2.5=−19.81 dB
P
10 log ( 0.001 )=−19.81
P=10−1.981 × 0.001=10.447 μW

Therefore, the transmitter power required to achieved a system margin of 10 dB and minimum signal
power of 0.5 μ W at a maximum distance of 5 km is 10.447 μ W

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