BODY MASS INDEX AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM IN

LA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School
La Paz National High School
La Paz, Tarlac

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Academic Track

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Monica Charize R. Aguilar

Carol E. Beteno
Charlon C. Cudia
Jhon Andrei D. Ecaldre
Angeline H. Linsangan
Crystaline G. Santos
Maria Lourdes S. Villegas
JUNE 2019
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Poverty is an economic issue that has long been a problem in different nation,

especially among developing countries. The issue of poverty alleviated became the focus

of many political and socioeconomic reforms that have been undertaken in the quest to

mitigate poverty. However, many of the reforms did not yet gain results. This is mainly

because poverty is a complex phenomenon where the linking economic, social, political

and demographic factors are crucial (Annan 2013).

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or commonly known as 4Ps is a

conditional cash transfer program of the Philippine government under The Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), with the participation of Department of

Health, Department of Education and the National Economic Development Authority.

This program aims to abolish extreme poverty in the Philippines by investing money to

health and education of Filipinos particularly children ages 0-18 years old, in which

several conditions must be complied.

The 4Ps is anchored on the concept of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs

which have been widely adopted as a new approach in providing social assistance to the

poor. The goal of CCT implementation is to balance the goals of current and future

poverty reduction by providing cash to finance immediate consumption and fostering

investments in human capital in either or both on health and education (Das, et al., 2005).

The main strategy is to link cash to behavior by providing money to poor families’
contingent upon certain verifiable actions, generally minimum investments in children’s

human capital (Breire and Rawlings, 2006).

The 4Ps has dual objectives as the flagship poverty alleviation program of the

Aquino administration. First is social assistance, giving monetary support to extremely

poor families to respond to their immediate needs. Second is social development,

breaking the intergenerational poverty cycle by investing in the health and education of

poor children through programs such as health check-ups for pregnant women and

children aged 0-5 years old, deworming of school children aged 6-14, enrollment of

children in day care, elementary, and secondary schools and family development

sessions.

The 4Ps has two types of cash grants that are given out to household-

beneficiaries. Health grant which P500 per household every month, or a total of P6,000

every year. Education grant which P300 per child every month for 10 months or a total of

P3,000 every year (a household may register a maximum of three children for the

program).

For a household with three children, a household may receive P1, 400 every

month, or a total of P15, 000 every year of five years, from the two types of cash grants

given to them.

These cash grants are distributed to the household-beneficiaries through the Land

Bank of the Philippines or, if not feasible, through alternate payment schemes such as

Globe G-Cash remittance and rural bank transactions.

The respondents of the study are the students of La Paz National High School

(LNHS) which is located at the town proper of La Paz, province of Tarlac. La Paz
National High School was founded in January 29, 1999. Its mission is to produce quality

graduates in the Arts and Trades prepared to meet the technological demands of the

community and for higher learning. While the vision, La Paz National School of Arts and

Trades, committed to respond to the needs of the community and the industry (School

Mission and Vision, La Paz National High School). Currently, LNHS is the biggest

public high school in La Paz. It consists of 2,345 students, overall. Meanwhile, it has 72

teachers, 54from Junior High School, 18 in Senior High School and it is headed by Mr.

Mariolito G. Magcalas, Secondary Principal III.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to describe students of La Paz National High School who were

the beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program as to how this factor affects to

their school achievements and nutritional status.

Specifically, this study addresses as the following:

1 What are the Body Mass Index of the 4Ps beneficiaries

2 How did the general average of grade 10 4Ps beneficiaries describe their academic

performance?

3 What is the relationship of the Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of the

4Ps beneficiaries?

4 What implication can be drawn from the study to academic performance?

Significance of the Study

The findings generated in this study benefited the following:

School administrators may use the results of the study as a data or reference for

beneficiaries on where they lack and what can they do as an action. With this data, school
administrators would directly look for the 4Ps student beneficiaries and they can assist or

give some support of the said students.

The students would gain information about the 4Ps benefits for them. They will

be more inspired and motivated in pursuing their study. Also, they are able to know the

factors that can affect their school achievements and how to cope with it.

The parents will gain additional information from this conducted research

regarding the factor that affects the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the student’s

achievement in school and thereby guide them to value and prioritized the education of

their children.

The future researchers, this study would be useful as an additional literature on

4Ps beneficiaries’ academic performance and nutritional status. They will learn some

knowledge that is related to this research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aimed to describe the academic performance of grade 10 4ps

beneficiaries based on their general average. It focuses on identifying the body mass

index of 4Ps beneficiaries, as well as the relationship of it to academic performance of the

involved respondents. Another, the implications can be drawn in conducting this

research. The BMI and Academic Performance based on their final grade will be

determined in this study.

This study involves 110 4Ps recipients as the respondents with existing data and

records. The respondents were the beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

specifically, the Grade 10 students of La Paz National High School in the school year

2017-2018.
Definition of Terms

For purpose of facilitating understanding and clarity, the terms are defined as the

following:

Academic Performance. In this study, it is defined on how the students beneficiaries

perform in school, based on their averaged grades.

Beneficiaries. In this study, it is defined as the advantage of students who receives

money or other benefits from the 4Ps.

Body Mass Index. In this study, BMI is defined as the proportioned height and weight of

the students.

Cash Grants. In this study, it is defined as the money given by the government.

Nutritional Status. In this study, it is defined as the health status of the selected 4Ps

student beneficiaries.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. In this study, 4Ps is defined as a conditional

cash transfer program of the Philippine government to mitigate extreme poverty in the

country.

Poverty. In this study, poverty is defined as an economic issue that has long been a

problem in different nation.

Retention Rate. In this study, it refers to the magnitude of pupils who repeat a grade

level.

Social Assistance. In this study, it is defined as giving financial support to poor families

to respond to their immediate needs.

Social Development. In this study, it is defined as fighting the poverty cycle by investing

in the health and education of poor children.

 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents related literature and studies which served as outline of

reference for this study. It comprehensively presents and reviews the status of poverty all

over the world and the features and designs of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT)

Programs or Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in the Philippines. Both foreign

and local studies about various academic performance and body mass index or nutritional

status of the CCT or 4ps beneficiaries.

Related Literature

Poverty has decreased in developed countries after the industrial revolution.

Increased production has reduced the cost of goods, making them more readily available

to members of society. Advancements in agriculture have increased crop yields, helping

to provide adequate food production for the world. 95% of global poverty has been

concentrated in East Asia, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa since the mid-1990s.The

United Nations and the World Bank are major advocates in reducing the world’s poverty.

The World Bank estimates that approximately 702 million people were living in extreme

poverty in 2015, this compares to 1.75 billion people in 1990. As of 2016, it is estimated

that less than 10% of the world’s population live in extreme poverty.

Poverty is one of the biggest problems in the Philippines and remains a big

challenge to it. According to National Statistical Coordination Board Secretary General

Jose Ramon G. Albert, the poverty incidence among population was estimated at 27.9

percent during the first semester of 2012, (NSCB 2012). Comparing this with the 2006 and

2009 first semester figures estimated at 28.8 percent and 28.6 percent, respectively, poverty
remained unchanged as the computed differences are not statistically significant. These

CCTs promotes human development in terms of different services such as in the field of

education, health, nutrition and livelihood that serves as the vehicle in alleviating poverty

and at the same time, to contribute significantly to the improving society. 

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes are an example of such programmes

that combine actions aimed at addressing both the underlying and the immediate

determinants of childhood under nutrition. These programmes, which were first designed

and implemented by the Mexican government in the late 1990s, provide monetary

transfers to poor households conditional upon their complying with a number of

programme requirements. Beneficiaries are usually required to use maternal and child

preventive health, nutrition, and care services and to enroll and maintain school-age

children in school. Some programmes also provide a micronutrient (MN)-fortified food

or a MN supplement. The overall aim of these programmes is to reduce household

vulnerability in the short term and break the intergenerational transmission of poverty by

investing in human capital formation.

The first CCT programme, PROGRESA (Program for Education, Health, and

Nutrition, now called Oportunidades), was launched in 1997 by the Mexican government.

The Mexican example was soon followed by a number of countries both in the region and

beyond. Currently approximately 20 countries have CCT programmes and a number of

other countries are studying their feasibility or planning to implement them (Adato and

Hoddinott forthcoming-a).

The 4Ps program started last 2008 under the previous administration and

continued in massive scale in Aquino Administration; This CCT entails several provision

which still unfamiliar to both school administrators and teachers alike. Presently the

government spending staggering amount of money per year, 44 billion by 2013 and 62

billion in 2014 to sustain the program; which eventually added to fiscal national debt. In

order to implement the program Philippine Government has granted the amount of $800

million from World Bank and Asian Development Bank; therefore we can conclude that

the funding of the program came from loan and eventually paid by tax payers. One of the

targets of the CCT program is to decrease the drop-out rate among the poorest high

school it only mean that teachers must be aware on the program. The first thing we have

to understand is the monetary subsidence of the program; 4Ps recipient is receiving the

amount of 300 pesos for educational assistance per qualified household and additional

500 pesos for health and nutrition per household monthly. Subsequently, 4Ps recipient is

required to participate in community-school related program such as clean drive,

brigadaeskwela and family day session. Furthermore, students or pupils under 4Ps

program must attend and complete the 85% of monthly attendance. Conversely, they

should have an average grade of 75. 4ps recipient must coordinate and cooperate to any

school related activities since there is educational assistance given to them. In addition

4ps recipient who is no longer in school should be removed from the program. Lastly,

students or pupils who are 4ps recipient with more than a week absent without prior

notice must not receive their monthly educational assistance. Hence only DSWD can add

or remove any person under the 4ps program. CCT Program is strategically designed to

invest in human capital by providing quality and accessible education for everyone;

therefore it is mandate that we need a clear understanding on the provision entails in the

program. 4ps is a poverty reduction strategy that provides grants to extremely poor
households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of children aged

0-14.

The conditional cash transfer (CCT) program locally known as Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program, or 4Ps, is a government program that provides conditional

cash grants to the poorest of the poor in the Philippines. The program aims to break the

cycle of poverty by keeping children aged 0-18 healthy and in school, so they can have a

better future. Households receive cash grants if children stay in school and get regular

health check-ups, have their growth monitored, and receive vaccines. Pregnant women

must get pre-natal care, with their births attended to by professional health workers.

Parents or guardians are required to participate in monthly community-based Family

Development Sessions to learn about positive child discipline, disaster preparedness, and

women’s rights. Beneficiaries are objectively selected through the National Household

Targeting System, also known as Listahanan, which is based from a survey of the

physical structure of their houses, the number of rooms and occupants, their access to

running water, and other factors affecting their living conditions. The program has one of

the most comprehensive poverty targeting databases in the world today, covering 75% of

the country’s population. It has been used extensively to identify poor and near-poor

beneficiaries for national and local government programs. Started in 2007, the

government expanded the program in December 2016 to reach a total of 20 million

Filipinos belonging to 4.4 million households. The program benefits about 20% of the

population, the majority of the nation’s poor. Nine million children are currently

benefiting from the program, 1.9 million of which are in high school. The program has

also achieved almost universal enrollment for elementary age children of 4Ps households.
Social protection programs, Pantawid included, have cushioned the poor from the adverse

impacts of various shocks the country experienced over the past six years.

A study estimates that the program has led to a poverty reduction of 1.4 percentage points

per year or 1.5 million less poor Filipinos. The 4Ps is currently the world’s fourth-largest

CCT program based on population coverage. It complements the government’s other

development priorities such as generating jobs and creating livelihood opportunities for

the poor.

According to the World Bank, the Philippine social protection notes series aims to

summarize the good practices and key findings from the Philippines on the topics related

to social protection, covering a variety of types of issues including Conditional Cash

Transfers (CCT) and targeting, broadening the social protection policy dialogue, analysis

on social protection and service delivery. The Philippines is implementing a CCT

program, which is called the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. CCT program

provides cash to poorest households as long as the beneficiary households comply with

the conditions of the program. Health grants are provided for beneficiary households with

children 0-14 years old and/or with pregnant women with the conditions that all children

0-5 years old and the pregnant women visit health centers and receive services according

to Department of Health (DOH) protocol, all children 6-14 years old undergo de-

worming protocol at schools, and the household grantees (mainly women) attend family

development sessions at least once a month. Education grants are provided for

beneficiary households with children 6-14 years old with the conditions that the children

are enrolled in primary or secondary school and maintain a class attendance rate of 85

percent every month.

 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program targets three hundred twenty-one thousand

(321,000) households. Six thousand (6,000) pilot households from the municipalities of

Sibagat and Esperanza in Agusan del Sur, Lopez-Jaena and Bonifacio in Misamis

Occidental and Pasay and Caloocan cities in the NCR have received cash assistance since

January 2008.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) selects the

beneficiaries based on the selection system developed for the program. The Local Chief

Executives or barangay officials are not participants in the selection process. However,

concerned LGUs assist DSWD staff in the conduct of community assemblies which are

part of the program process and procedure to validate potential and final beneficiaries.

Pantawid Pamilya provides cash grants to the beneficiaries such as: P6,000 a year

or P 500 per month per household for health and nutritional expenses; and, P3,000 for

one school year or 10 months or P300 per month per child for educational expenses. A

maximum of three children per household is allowed. A household with three qualified

children shall have a subsidy of P1, 400 per month or P15, 000 annually as long as they

comply with the conditionality.

The monthly cash grants shall be received by the most responsible person in the

household, usually the mother, through a Land Bank cash card. Each household

beneficiary will receive the cash grants for at most, five years.

The DSWD in coordination with the Advisory Council composed of Department

of Education (DepEd), Department of Health (DOH), Department of the Interior and

Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) and the Local

Government Units (LGU) representatives at the national, regional and municipal levels
will verify compliance every two months using monitoring tools developed for the

purpose. Non-compliance to the conditions will result in the suspension of cash grants or

dropping from the program.

For 2008, P2.1 Billion has been allotted for the 321,000 household-beneficiaries.

From 2009 to 2013, P5 Billion per year is needed for the same 321,000 household-

beneficiaries.

Related Studies

A. Foreign Studies

Dr. Bhattacharya, et. al (2016) stated in their study ‘Academic Performance and

Nutritional Status – A Case Study on College Students in North Tripura’, “Malnutrition is

a major problem in both developed and developing countries and deficiencies in some

nutrients have been reported to cause diseases which could lead to impaired cognitive

development. Other studies have related lifestyle of students, particularly breakfast

consumption, to their cognitive abilities as reflected in their academic performance.

However, most of these studies have excluded young adults in the tertiary institution.

Undernourished children have been shown to have decreased attendance, attention, and

academic performance as well as experience more health problems compared to well-

nourished children. More recently, studies have examined the impact of breakfast on

cognition, behavior, and academic performance of school-age children. This research

suggests some positive effect of breakfast on performance of specific cognitive tasks.

However, gaps exist in the literature examining the long-term effects of breakfast on

academic performance and how the observed effects of breakfast on cognition are

modified by age, sex, and nutritional status. The single study not restricted to breakfast
demonstrated a positive association between the consumption of regular meals and

academic performance.

Geographically, the majority of research conducted assessed the associations

between health/health programmes and academic achievement and were undertaken in

the USA, with fewer studies from the UK or elsewhere. The potential for health to

improve cognitive function, learning and academic achievement in children has received

attention by researchers and policy makers. It is widely accepted that health and well-

being are essential elements for effective learning. Vice versa, education is a strong

predictor of lifelong health and quality of life in different populations, settings, and time.

However, the pathways through which education leads to better health and longer life

expectancy are still not clearly understood. It is widely held, however, that education,

health, and social outcomes are very closely interdependent.

Several studies have documented the relationship between poor health, nutrition

and school achievement. Low anthropometric measurements (height-for-age, weight-for

height and head circumference) have been frequently associated with poor school

outcomes. In fact, in several of the studies, the relationship remained significant, even

after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Iron-deficiency anemia, missing breakfast

and helminthic infections have also been reported to affect school performance. Eating

disorders create a variety of medical conditions that occur more frequently in the college-

age population. For college students these conditions are key factors that may have a

lasting impact not only on their academic achievements while in school, but also on their

professional performances before and after graduation.

 Gardner and Grantham-McGregor stated that the mechanisms which link under

nutrition and poor development in children are not well understood, although children

who were moderately to severely malnourished during their early childhood show

delayed development.

Studies of nutrition and academic performance have typically focused on hunger,

malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiency. The predominant approach to studying diet

has focused on the role of individual nutrients or foods. However; individuals do not

consume single nutrients but combinations of foods. In recognition of the

multidimensional nature of diet, studies of the interrelations of nutrition and health have

examined the effects of overall diet quality using summary measures of food and nutrient

intake.”

The study of Dr. Bhattacharya, et. al (2016) is related to the present study since

both aimed to discover on how the nutritional status of a student affects his/her academic

performance. Also, to find the connection of health and education to one another.

The present study aims to discover the relationship between the nutritional status

(BMI) and academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

beneficiaries in La Paz National High School, particularly the Grade 10 Students.

According to the study of London & Castrechini (2011), that while body mass is

not as reliable an indicator as physical fitness levels are, body mass can still be used to

predict academic achievement to some extent. London and Castrechini (2011) studied

California students in grades four through nine. Their findings indicated a negative

correlation between body mass and academic achievement that ranged from -0.131 to

-0.45. However, this correlation fluctuated highly from student to student. Thus, they
found that the average body mass index of the entire class and/or school could be used to

efficiently predict the average grade point average of the entire class and/or school, rather

than used at an individual level.

The study of London & Castrechini (2011), is related to the present study since

both aimed to know the relationship between the body mass of a person to his academic

performance.

Dusen, et. al (2011) examined the associations of physical fitness and academic

performance among schoolchildren. Empirical research evaluating the connections

between fitness and academic performance is needed to justify curriculum allocations to

physical activity programs. They categorized fitness results in quintiles by age and

gender and used mixed effects regression models to compare the academic performance

of the top and bottom fitness groups for each test. All fitness variables except body mass

index (BMI) showed significant, positive associations with academic performance after

adjustment for socio-demographic covariates, with standardized mean difference effect

sizes ranging from .07 to .34. Analysis of BMI demonstrated limited, nonlinear

association with academic performance after socio demographic and fitness adjustments.

Fitness was strongly and significantly related to academic performance. Cardiovascular

fitness showed a dose-response association with academic performance independent of

other socio-demographic and fitness variables. The association appears to peak in late

middle to early high school.

The study mentioned above aims to identify the associations of physical fitness

and academic performance among students which is related to the present study’s

objective.
 Granziano, et. al (2011) investigated the relationships between body mass index

(BMI), physical fitness, and academic performance in elementary school students.

Specifically, BMI and scores on the President’s Challenge Physical Activity and Fitness

Awards Program, a physical fitness test, were compared to reading and mathematics

scores on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT), a standardized norm

referenced academic achievement measure. Participants included 132 4th and 5th grade

students from a K-12 school located in North Central Florida. Results revealed that BMI

and physical fitness were correlated with academic performance for 5th grade females. In

addition, there was a significant and negative association found between BMI and

physical fitness across grade level and sex.

The study of Granziano, et. al (2011) is related to the present study as it also

shows the effect of BMI in the academic performances of the students and how it is

connected with their academic achievements.

B. Local Studies

In the study of Valeña (2015), ‘Academic Achievement of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Public Secondary Schools in Laguna’ cited that

initial study on the pilot areas of the program showed promising results. Moreover,

children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared to the general population of

children in school. There has been a remarkable increase in the use of health services by

pregnant women and children compared to 2007 and there has also been a significant

increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of malnutrition among

children. Several studies backed up these initial findings. Results of recent evaluation

studies on 4Ps revealed that it has no significant negative impact on work effort of
household heads, leads to increased school participation of children, and results in

increased household consumption of education-related goods. These findings were

considered as early indicators of success of the 4Ps program.

The study of Valeña (2015) and the present study shows how well the 4Ps

program goes for the beneficiaries as well as the performance and the attendance of the

4Ps student-beneficiaries.

Orbeta (2011), stated that due to the implementation of the program, parents now

work to compensate for loss of income from children who attend school. Since

beneficiaries are obliged to attend Family Development Sessions, they now publicly

recognize the importance of education, and are convinced to keep their children in

school.

The study above is related to the present study as it shows the willingness of the

parent-beneficiaries to send their children to school and how the parents react to this

program.

Chaudhury and Okamura (2012) documented the causal effect of the 4Ps program

on school participation. There was positive impact on school enrollment among children

in the younger cohort aged 9-12 as of 2011. These are the children who received

educational grants under the 4Ps program throughout the period.

This study is somehow connected to the present study as it shows the impact of

4Ps in terms of school enrollment and those who received educational grants.

Tutor (2014) stated in his study that households increased their consumption of

education-related goods, which are goods required for continued program participation.

Despite of these positive results, critiques of the program argued that it is still a question
whether school attendance will translate into academic achievement, completion of

education, and eventually gainful employment.

Based on the findings of the study ‘Academic Performance Among Selected

Pupils at Inopacan District, Leyte SY 2013-2014’, the drop-out rate among the poorest

elementary and high school were decreased. The pupils who are 4P’s recipients attended

regular participation in all school activities.

This study was conducted to serve as a rapid assessment of the Pantawid Pamilya

focused on school enrollment, while waiting for the comprehensive impact evaluation.

The comprehensive impact evaluation will evaluate not only school enrollment and

health center attendance but also an extensive range of outcomes including household

consumption, child labor, educational attainment, and child nutrition status, applying

rigorous analytical methods of Randomized Control Trials (RCT) and Regression

Discontinuity Design (RDD).

This study is related to the present study as it tells the critiques of the 4Ps program

and the requirements in this program, the educational needs of the 4Ps student-

beneficiaries and the enrollment of the student-beneficiaries.

In the study of Dela Torre (2016) “Financing Education through the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)”, they look into some significant information about the

4Ps beneficiaries of Balamban Elementary School for the school year 2014-2015. This

determines the degree of pupils in a particular school year who continued to be in the

same grade level in the next school year. The school’s retention rate decreased into 0

after the implementation of the 4Ps program in 2015. This shows that the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is instrumental in sending all pupils to the next higher
level of education. According to the teachers, this can be attributed to the attendance

threshold of the program.

The pupils’ nutritional status increased after the implementation of the program.

As anticipated, 4Ps increased the health services consumption among the poor

households as they have additional income to pay for the health-related costs; and

improve the children’s nutritional status through increased household income, provision

of free and periodic check-ups, various counselling and other monitoring components of

4Ps (Reyes &Tabuga, 2012). This is due to the availability of food allowance because of

their membership in the program making food and rice easier to purchase. Also,

according to 4Ps recipient-respondents, they are encouraged by the program’s Municipal

Links to plant and own a vegetable plot in their homes to make sure that they eat

nutritious foods.

This study is similar to the present study as it shows the help of the 4Ps program

to their family, how it helps them to easily get money for their needs and the health of the

students who are in needs.

Conceptual Framework

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program Student-Beneficiaries
Body Mass Index

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program Student-Beneficiaries
Academic Performance based
on their Grade 10 General
Average

Relationship between Body

Mass Index and Academic
Performance

Implication of the study to

Academic Performance

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

This study aimed to describe the body mass index and academic performance

based on the general average of the student-beneficiaries who are the recipient of

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. It also intends to determine the connection

between the BMI and academic performance, as well as the implication of the study.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter presents the method of research and sources of data used in this

study. The subjects of the study, the methods of gathering data, the research instruments

or tools, and the statistical treatment were utilized in this research.

Research Design

The descriptive-correlational method of research was used in this study in

drawing out for analysis. It is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate

interpretation of the findings. It also contributes in the formation of principles and

generalization in behavioral sciences.

Since the present study aimed to describe the students of La Paz National High

School before and after they became recipients of 4Ps and how such program contributed

to their nutritional status and academic achievement, the descriptive method of research

was used.

This study was also correctional because it attempted to establish if there is a

significant relationship between the nutritional statuses specifically the Body Mass Index

(BMI), to the academic performances of the selected grade 10 students who benefits from

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the 110 Grade 10 beneficiary students from La

Paz National High School who were the recipients of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program. They were enrolled during the school year 2017-2018.

Data Gathering Tool

Documentary Analysis

The researcher will access additional documents such as students’

academic records and body mass index records. The information based on the records

will be used in the discussion of the findings of this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will be having permission of the principal of La Paz National High

School which located in La Paz, Tarlac to conduct the present study and to gather the

information needed from the respondents of the study which are the Grade 10 students.

Statistical Treatment

Data gathered will be treated using statistical tools. After doing so, results will be

interpreted and analysed in order to draw conclusions and recommendations.

The Pearson Correlation Coefficient Formula will be used to measure the strength

between variables and relationships.

N ∑ xy−( ∑ x )( ∑ y )
r=
√¿ ¿ ¿

Where:

N = number of pairs of scores

∑xy = sum of the products of paired scores

∑x = sum of x scores

∑y = sum of y scores

∑x2 = sum of squared x scores

∑y2 = sum of squared y scores