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Communication Models Lesson 3

The document discusses several models of communication: - Linear models include Aristotle's model, Lasswell's model, and Berlo's SMCR model. These are one-way models with a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver. - Transactional models view communication as an exchange between parties, such as Shannon and Weaver's model which conceptualized communication in terms of information theory. - Interactive models depict a two-way process, including Schramm's model which emphasized shared experience between parties, and Dance's helical model which portrayed communication evolving over time in a spiral shape. The document provides details on several influential historical communication models and their core concepts or limitations.

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Angel Balayong
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263 views

Communication Models Lesson 3

The document discusses several models of communication: - Linear models include Aristotle's model, Lasswell's model, and Berlo's SMCR model. These are one-way models with a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver. - Transactional models view communication as an exchange between parties, such as Shannon and Weaver's model which conceptualized communication in terms of information theory. - Interactive models depict a two-way process, including Schramm's model which emphasized shared experience between parties, and Dance's helical model which portrayed communication evolving over time in a spiral shape. The document provides details on several influential historical communication models and their core concepts or limitations.

Uploaded by

Angel Balayong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION

MODELS
COMMUNICATION MODELS
❑ Linear Communication Model

• Lasswell’s Model
• Aristotle’s Model
• Berlo’s SMCR Model

❑ Transactional Model

• Shannon & Weaver Model

❑ Interactive Model

• Schramm’s Model
• Dance-helical Model
A. LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• communication is considered one way
• the message signal isprocess encoded and transmitted
presence of
through channel in
noise
• the sender is more prominent in linear model of
communication.
mass
• applied incommunication
like television, radio, etc.
LINEARMODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models


based on linear model of communication are:

1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek


philosopher and writer born in
Stagira, Northern Greece. He was
also the teacher of Alexander the
Great. He studied physics, logic,
mathematics, etc.
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• considered as the first model of communication and was
proposed before 300 B.C.
• most widely accepted among all communication models.
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be
5broadly
primarydivided
elements:
into and Speech, Occasion,
Speaker, Effec
Audience t
• speaker centered model

• highly used to develop public speaking skills and create a propaganda at


that time so, it is less focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal
communication
• speaker must have a very good non-verbal communication with the
audience like eye contact
ELEMENTS OF GOOD COMMUNICATOR

1. ETHOS
• Credibility of the speaker
• characteristic which makes you credible in front of the audience
2. PATHOS
• Emotional bond
• f what you say matters to them and they can connect with it, then they will be
more interested
3. LOGOS
• sense of reason
• You must present facts to the audience for them to believe in you
CRITICISMS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
There are few criticisms around this model. Some of

them are:

• There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker
to audience.
• There is no concept of communication failure like noise and
barriers.
• This model can only be used in public speaking.
1. LASSWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Developed by communication Harol


theorist
D. (1902-1978) in 1948. d
model of communication
Lasswell Lasswell’s (also known as
action model or linear model or one
way model of communication) is
regarded as one the most influential
communication models.
COMPONENTS
 MEANING
 ANALYSIS


the communicator or
Wh Control
sender or source of
o Analysis
message
Says What the content of the message Content
Analysis
In Which the medium or media
Channel Media
the receiver of the Analysis
To Audience
message or an audience
Whom Analysis

With What the feedback of the Effect


Effect receiver to the sender Analysis
CRITICISMS OF LASSWELL’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
There are few criticisms around this model. Some of them
are:

• does not include feedback and it ignores the possibility of noise
• very linear and does not consider barriers in the communication process
• more focused on the resulting outcome and generally used for media persuasion
1. BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
In David postulated Sende
Message-Channel-Re
1960, Berlo Berlo’s(SMCR)model
r-
communication
ceiver from Shannonof Weaver’s
Model of Communication (1949). He
described factors affecting the
individual components in the
communication making the
communication more efficient.
1. BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender


sends the message and before receiver receives the message
respectively

• Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the


communication process. They are sender, message, channel and
receiver. Each of the component is affected by many factors.
CRITICISMS OF BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
There are few criticisms around this model. Some of them
are:

• There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.
• There is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers in communication process.
• It is a linear model of communication, there is no two way communication.
• Both of the people must be similar according to all the factors mentioned above.
B. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• Transactional model of communication is the exchange of


messages between sender and receiver where each take
turns to send or receive messages.
• both sender and receiver are known as communicators
• The model is mostly used for interpersonal communication
and is also called circular model of communication.
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models


based on transactional model of
communication are:

SHANNON and WEAVER’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (INFORMATION THEORY)
Shannon Weaver model of communication was
createdwhen
1948 in Claude
wrote an article “A
Elwood
Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell
Shannon
System Technical Journal with Warren Weaver.

Shannon was an American mathematician whereas


Weaver was a scientist. The Mathematical theory
later came to be known as Shannon Weaver model
of communication or “mother of all models.”
CONCEPTS IN SHANNON WEAVER MODEL
• Sender (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel and
sends the message.

• Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message into signals
or binary data. It
might also directly refer to the machine.

• Channel –Channel is the medium used to send message.

• Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert signals or binary data into message or
the receiver who translates the message from signals.

• Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place where the message
must reach. The receiver provides feedback according to the message.

• Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment, people, etc. which does not let the
message get to the receiver as what is sent.
ADVANTAGES OF BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
There are few advantages around this model. Some of them
are:

• Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the
noise or problem
causing noise.
• This model takes communication as a two way process. It makes the model
applicable in general communication.
B. INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• also known as convergence


• deals with exchange
model of ideas and messages taking place
both ways
sender from and vice-versa
to receiver
• The communication process take place between humans or
machines in both verbal or non-verbal way
• This is a relatively new model of communication for new
technologies like web.
INTERACTIVEMODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models


based on interactive model of communication
are:

OSGOOD-SCHRAMM’s MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• built on the theory that communication is a


two-way street, with a sender and a receiver
• Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the
notion that communication was circular rather
than linear, meaning that it required two
participants taking turns sending and receiving
a message.
Field of incorporates what is mutually understood
sender between
and receiver.
experience the
For example, a professor of calculus would
have very little luck communicating important math principles to a
classroom of kindergarten students, because they do not share a
field of experience that makes the message easy to understand.
It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something
circular in nature
Encoder – Who does encoding or Sends the message (message originates)

Decoder – Who receives the message

Interpreter – Person trying to understand (analyses, perceive) or interpret

Note: From the message starting to ending, there is an interpretation goes on. Based on
this interpretation only the message is received.
DANCE-HELICAL’s MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Frank proposed a communication model


by a helix ininspired
Dance 1967, known as Helical Model of
Communication. A helix is a three dimensional
spring like curve in the shape of a cylinder or a
cone.
Heli is compared with evolution of communication of a human
x since or
existence birthexisting
to moment. Helical model gives geometrical
testimony of communication. The model is linear as well as
circular combined and disagrees the concept of linearity and
circularity individually.
• Communication is taken as a dynamic process in helical model
of communication and it progresses with age as our
experience and vocabulary increases.
REFERENCE:
https://www.businesstopia.net

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