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Pipelining: Dr. Souvik Sinha

Pipelining allows multiple instructions to be executed concurrently by dividing the instruction process into stages. This improves processor throughput and efficiency. With pipelining, the next instruction can begin fetching and decoding while a previous instruction is still executing or writing back. For example, a 4-stage pipeline divides each instruction into fetch, decode, execute, and write stages, allowing a new instruction to enter each stage every clock cycle. Pipelining improves performance by keeping the processor busy at each stage without increasing hardware requirements.

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Adhara Mukherjee
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52 views10 pages

Pipelining: Dr. Souvik Sinha

Pipelining allows multiple instructions to be executed concurrently by dividing the instruction process into stages. This improves processor throughput and efficiency. With pipelining, the next instruction can begin fetching and decoding while a previous instruction is still executing or writing back. For example, a 4-stage pipeline divides each instruction into fetch, decode, execute, and write stages, allowing a new instruction to enter each stage every clock cycle. Pipelining improves performance by keeping the processor busy at each stage without increasing hardware requirements.

Uploaded by

Adhara Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIPELINING

Dr. Souvik Sinha


Why Pipelining ?
• A program is a collection of instructions.
• Objective is to execute these instructions within a limited no.
of clock cycles, i.e., speed-up the execution process.
• Possible solution is to execute multiple instructions
concurrently rather than sequentially.
• Pipelining provides the mechanism to execute multiple
instructions concurrently.
• Pipelining helps in efficient use of CPU resources.
• By using pipelining, throughput & speed of execution can be
increased without any additional H/W requirements.
• Pipelining doesn’t help latency of single task, it helps
throughput of entire workload
Basic Concept
Cntd…
How Pipelining Works ?
• A technique used in advanced microprocessors where the
microprocessor begins executing a second instruction before the
first has been completed.

- A Pipeline is a series of stages, where some work is done at each


stage. The work is not finished until it has passed through all
stages.

• With pipelining, the computer architecture allows the next


instructions to be fetched while the processor is performing
arithmetic operations, holding them in a buffer close to the
processor until each instruction operation can performed.

• The pipeline is divided into segments and each segment can


execute it operation concurrently with the other segments. Once a
segment completes an operations, it passes the result to the next
segment in the pipeline and fetches the next operations from the
preceding segment.
How Pipelining Works ?

An inter-stage storage buffer, B1, is needed to hold the information being passed from
one stage to the next. New information is loaded into this buffer at the end of each
clock cycle.
How Pipelining Works ?
A 4-Stage Pipelining
• A pipelined processor may process each instruction in four
steps, as follows:
Fetch (F) : read the instruction from the memory.
Decode (D) : decode the instruction and fetch the source
operand(s).
Execute (E) : perform the operation specified by the
instruction.
Write (W) : store the result in the destination location.

NOTE: Decoding stage implicitly consists of fetch operand stage.


A 4-Stage Pipelining
A 4-Stage Pipelining

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