3/23/2021 A.C. No.

6116

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Republic of the Philippines

THIRD DIVISION

A.C. No. 6116 August 1, 2012

ENGR. GILBERT TUMBOKON, Complainant,

RESOLUTION

PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:

Before the Court is an administrative complaint for disbarment filed by complainant Engr. Gilbert Tumbokon against
respondent Atty. Mariano R. Pefianco for grave dishonesty, gross misconduct constituting deceit and grossly
immoral conduct.

In his Complaint,1 complainant narrated that respondent undertook to give him 20% commission, later reduced to
10%, of the attorney's fees the latter would receive in representing Spouses Amable and Rosalinda Yap (Sps. Yap),
whom he referred, in an action for partition of the estate of the late Benjamin Yap (Civil Case No. 4986 before the
Regional Trial Court of Aklan). Their agreement was reflected in a letter2 dated August 11, 1995. However,
respondent failed to pay him the agreed commission notwithstanding receipt of attorney's fees amounting to 17% of
the total estate or about ₱ 40 million. Instead, he was informed through a letter3 dated July 16, 1997 that Sps. Yap
assumed to pay the same after respondent had agreed to reduce his attorney's fees from 25% to 17%. He then
demanded the payment of his commission4 which respondent ignored.

Complainant further alleged that respondent has not lived up to the high moral standards required of his profession
for having abandoned his legal wife, Milagros Hilado, with whom he has two children, and cohabited with Mae
FlorGalido, with whom he has four children. He also accused respondent of engaging in money-lending business5
without the required authorization from the BangkoSentralngPilipinas.

In his defense, respondent explained that he accepted Sps. Yap's case on a 25% contingent fee basis, and
advanced all the expenses. He disputed the August 11, 1995 letter for being a forgery and claimed that Sps. Yap
assumed to pay complainant's commission which he clarified in his July 16, 1997 letter. He, thus, prayed for the
dismissal of the complaint and for the corresponding sanction against complainant's counsel, Atty. Florencio B.
Gonzales, for filing a baseless complaint.6

In the Resolution7 dated February 16, 2004, the Court resolved to refer this administrative case to the Integrated Bar
of the Philippines (IBP) for investigation, report and recommendation. In his Report and Recommendation8 dated
October 10, 2008, the Investigating IBP Commissioner recommended that respondent be suspended for one (1)
year from the active practice of law, for violation of the Lawyer's Oath, Rule 1.01, Canon 1; Rule 7.03, Canon 7 and
Rule 9.02, Canon 9 of the Code of Professional Responsibility (Code). The IBP Board of Governors adopted and
approved the same in its Resolution No. XIX-2010-4539 dated August

28, 2010. Respondent moved for reconsideration10 which was denied in Resolution No. XIX-2011-141 dated October
28, 2011.

After due consideration, We adopt the findings and recommendation of the IBP Board of Governors.

The practice of law is considered a privilege bestowed by the State on those who show that they possess and
continue to possess the legal qualifications for the profession. As such, lawyers are expected to maintain at all times
a high standard of legal proficiency, morality, honesty, integrity and fair dealing, and must perform their four-fold duty
to society, the legal profession, the courts and their clients, in accordance with the values and norms embodied in
the Code.11 Lawyers may, thus, be disciplined for any conduct that is wanting of the above standards whether in their
professional or in their private capacity.
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In the present case, respondent's defense that forgery had attended the execution of the August 11, 1995 letter was
belied by his July 16, 1997 letter admitting to have undertaken the payment of complainant's commission but
passing on the responsibility to Sps. Yap. Clearly, respondent has violated Rule 9.02,12 Canon 9 of the Code which
prohibits a lawyer from dividing or stipulating to divide a fee for legal services with persons not licensed to practice
law, except in certain cases which do not obtain in the case at bar.

Furthermore, respondent did not deny the accusation that he abandoned his legal family to cohabit with his mistress
with whom he begot four children notwithstanding that his moral character as well as his moral fitness to be retained
in the Roll of Attorneys has been assailed. The settled rule is that betrayal of the marital vow of fidelity or sexual
relations outside marriage is considered disgraceful and immoral as it manifests deliberate disregard of the sanctity
of marriage and the marital vows protected by the Constitution and affirmed by our laws.13 Consequently, We find no
reason to disturb the IBP's finding that respondent violated the Lawyer's Oath14 and Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the Code
which proscribes a lawyer from engaging in "unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct."

However, We find the charge of engaging in illegal money lending not to have been sufficiently established. A 1âwphi1

"business" requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be sold at
profit on a consistent basis.15 The lending of money to a single person without showing that such service is made
available to other persons on a consistent basis cannot be construed asindicia that respondent is engaged in the
business of lending.

Nonetheless, while We rule that respondent should be sanctioned for his actions, We are minded that the power to
disbar should be exercised with great caution and only in clear cases of misconduct that seriously affect the
standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the court and as member of the bar,16 or the misconduct
borders on the criminal, or committed under scandalous circumstance,17 which do not obtain here. Considering the
circumstances of the case, We deem it appropriate that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for a
period of one (1) year as recommended.

WHEREFORE, respondent ATTY. MARIANO R. PEFIANCO is found GUILTY of violation of the Lawyer’s Oath,
Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility and Rule 9.02, Canon 9 of the same Code and
SUSPENDED from the active practice of law ONE (1) YEAR effective upon notice hereof.

Let copies of this Resolution be entered in the personal record of respondent as a member of the Philippine Bar and
furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and the Office of the Court
Administrator for circulation to all courts in the country.

SO ORDERED.

ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate justice

WE CONCUR:

PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.

DIOSDADO M. PERALTA LUCAS P. BERSAMIN*

ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate justice

Footnotes
*
Designated member in lieu of Justice Jose C. Mendoza, per Special Order No. 1282 dated August 1, 2012.
1
Rollo, pp. 23-27.
2
Id. at 8.
3
Id. at 14.
4
Letter dated October 25, 2002, id. at 38.
5
Evidenced by the Affidavit of Jose E. Autajay dated April 19, 2003, id. at 41.
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6
Comment, id.at 44-51.
7
Id. at 90.
8
IBP rollo, vol. IV, pp. 2-10.
9
Id. at 1.
10
Id. at 11-12.
11
Molina v. Magat,A.C. No. 1900, June 13, 2012.
12
Rule 9.02, Canon 9 of the Code of Professional Responsibility reads in full:

"Rule 9.02 - A lawyer shall not divide orstipulate to divide a fee for legal services with persons not
licensed to practice law, except:

a) Where there is a pre-existing agreement with a partner or associate that, upon the latter's death,
money shall be paid over a reasonable period of time to his estate or to the persons specified in the
agreement; or

b) Where a lawyer undertakes to complete unfinished legal business of a deceased lawyer; or

c) Where a lawyer or law firm includes non-lawyer employees in a retirement plan, even if the plan is
based in whole or in part, on a profit-sharing arrangement."
13
Guevarra v. Eala, A.C. No. 7136, August 1, 2007, 529 SCRA 1, 16.
14
I ______ having been permitted to continue in the practice of law in the Philippines, do solemnly swear that
I recognize the supreme authority of the Republic of the Philippines; I will support its Constitution and obey
the laws as well as the legal orders of the duly constituted authorities therein; I will do no falsehood, nor
consent to the doing of any in court; I will not wittingly or willingly promote or sue any groundless, false or
unlawful suit, nor give aid nor consent to the same; I will delay no man for money or malice, and will conduct
myself as a lawyer according to the best of my knowledge and discretion with all good fidelity as well as to the
courts as to my clients; and I impose upon myself this voluntary obligation without any mental reservation or
purpose of evasion. So help me God.
15
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business.html.
16
Tan v. Gumba, A.C. No. 9000, October 5, 2011;Conlu v. Aredonia, Jr., A.C. No. 4955, September 12, 2011,
657 SCRA 367; Garrido vs. Garrido, A.C. No. 6593, February 4, 2010, 611 SCRA 508.
17
Nevada v. Casuga, A.C. No. 7591, March 20, 2012.

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