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Mathematics
Quarter 1 Week 1

Quadratic

2
ax + bx + c = 0
SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
(SleM)

Donny P. Almirol
Author
HOW TO USE THE SLEM
Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Keep in mind that writing develops and enhances learning.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Parts of the SLeM

• Expectations – These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-Test – This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to Your Lesson – This section will measure what learnings
and skills you were able to acquire from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities – This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking Your Understanding – It will verify what you have learned from
the lesson.

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This SleM is composed of:

Lesson 1 – Illustration of Quadratic Equation

Lesson 2 – Solving Quadratic Equation

Competencies:
A. Illustrate quadratic equations (M9AL-la-1).
B. Solve quadratic equations by: (1) extracting square roots; (2) factoring: (3)
completing the square; and (4) using quadratic formula (M9AL-la-b-1).

Expectations
After going through this SleM, the learners are expected to:
1. illustrate quadratic equations (M9AL-la-1); and
2. solve quadratic equations using a variety of strategies (M9AL-la-b-1) such as:
a. extracting the square roots;
b. factoring;
c. completing the square; and
d. using quadratic formula.
Pre- Test
Let us find out how much knowledge you have about quadratic equations. Read the
questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a polynomial equation of degree that can be written in the form ax2 + bx + c =
0, where a, b and c are all real numbers and a ≠ 0.
a. Linear Equation c. Linear Inequality
b. Quadratic Equation d. Quadratic Inequality
2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
a. 2x2 + 4x -1 = 0 c. s2 – 3s + 6
b. n – 8 = 5 d. v2 + 12v – 23 ≥ 0
3. In the quadratic equation k2 + 7k – 9 = 0, which is the quadratic term?
a. 7k c. -9
2
b. k d. 7
4 How many real roots does the quadratic equation x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 have?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3
5. Which of the following values of x make the equation x2 + 10x – 24 = 0 true?
I. -12 II. 2 III. 12 IV. -2
a. I and II c. III and IV
b. II and III d. I and IV
6. One of the roots of 2x2 – 13x + 20 = 0 is 4. What is the other root?
a. 2/5 c. 5/2
b. -2/5 d. -5/2

7. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + 6x – 56 = 0?

a. -8 and 7 c. 8 and -7
b. 4 and -7 d. -4 and 7

8. Which of the following quadratic equation can be solved easily by extracting the
square roots?
a. x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 c. 4x2 – 9 = 0
2
b. 2w + 7w -3 = 0 d. 3v2 + 2v – 8 = 0

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 9. The length of a garden is 5 m longer than its width and the area is 14 m2. How long
is the garden?
a. 9 c. 5
b. 7 d. 2

10. What are the roots of the quadratic equation j2 + 5j – 15 = -9?

a. -6 and 1 c. 6 and -1
b. 5 and 9 d. -5 and -9

Lesson 1 - Illustrating Quadratic Equations

Looking Back
Compare the degree or highest exponent of equations in Column A and Column B.
Column A Column B
x2 - 2x + 1 = 0 x +21 = 0.
2x2 +14 = 9 3r – 5 = 0
2
4m + 3m = 0 8t – 6 = 9
9n2 + 10 = 7n 13e = 16
2
2 + 4q = 6q 7s + 35 = 24

Brief Introduction
Are the equations in column A called linear equations? The answer is NO. They are
called quadratic equations. Those listed in column B are linear equations which you
extensively discussed when you were in Grade 8. Now, let us study the next level of equation
which is quadratic equations. Are you ready?

Activities
Quadratic equations are second degree equations that can be written in the form ax2
+ bx + c = 0 (also called the standard form) where a, b and c are all real numbers and a 0.
2 2
In the equation ax + bx +c = 0, ax is the quadratic term, bx is the linear term, and c is
the constant term.
Examples:

Standard Form Quadratic Linear

Constant a b c
(in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0) term term
1. 4x – 6x + 9 =0
2
4x2 – 6x 9 4 -6 9
2
2. 11w = -2w + 15
This can be written as 2w2 11w -15 2 11 -15
2w2 + 11w – 15 = 0.
3. (2y – 3) (y +4) = 0
Applying the FOIL
2y2 5y -12 2 5 -12
Method, this becomes
2y2 + 5y – 12 = 0.

Remember
I have learned that __________ equations are second ________ equations that can
be written in the form ______________, where a, b and c are all _____ numbers but a should
not be equal to ____.

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Checking Your Understanding

Write each equation in its standard form and complete the table.
Standard Form Quadratic Linear
2 Constant a b c
(in the form ax + bx + c = 0) term term
1. e2 + 4 + 4e = 0
2. a = a2 + 4
This can be written as
____________.
3. (f -8) (2f + 9) = 0
Applying the FOIL
Method, this becomes
_______________.

Lesson 2 – Solving Quadratic Equations

A. By Extracting the Square Roots
Looking Back
Are you aware that 144 has two roots? They are positive and negative 12 (±12). How
much is +12 squared (+12)2? Is it not 144? How about (-12)2? It is also 144, right? Therefore,
we say that the square root of 144 (

Brief Introduction
What do you think is/are the root/s of the following radical expressions?

1.
2.
3.

Explanations:
1. The answer for no.1 is ±7 or +7 and -7 because there is ± sign indicated before .
This means that you need to give both roots, the positive and negative roots.
2. The answer is -7 because of the negative (-) sign before .
3. The answer is +7 because it is understood that the sign before √49 is positive (+).

Activities

A quadratic equation of the form ax2 + c = 0 is an incomplete quadratic equation which

can be solved using the extracting the square root method. On this method, Square Root
Property is very useful.

Square Root Property

For any real number k, if x2 = k, then 𝑥 = ±√𝑘.
Example:
1. If x2 = 81, then x= ±9
2. If x2 = 32, then 𝑥 = ±4√2

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 Steps in Solving Quadratic Equation by Square Root Method

1. If a ≠ 1, divide the equation by a.

2. Rewrite the equation of the form x2 = k.
3. Solve for x by applying the square root property.

Example 1
Solve the equation x2 – 144 = 0.
Solution:
Rewrite the equation of the form x2 = k. x2 = 144
Extract the square root of both sides of the equation.
Solve for x. x = ±12
The solution set is {12, -12}.
To check if the answer is correct, we substitute 12 and -12 to the original equation as
follows:
x2 – 144 = 0 x2 – 144 = 0
If x = 12: 122 – 144 = 0 and If x = -12: (-12)2 – 144 = 0
144 – 144 – 144 = 0 144 – 144 = 0
0=0 0=0

Example 2
Find the solution set of 2x2 – 50 = 0.
Solution:

Divide the equation by 2.

x2 x2– 25 0
2
Rewrite the equation of the form x = k.
Extract the square root of both sides of the equation.
Solve for x. x ±5
The solution set is {5, -5}.
Check the answer by following the steps in example No.1.

Example 3
What is the solution set of x2 – 98 = 0?
Solution:
Rewrite x2 = k. x2 = 98
Extract the square root of both sides of the equation.

Solve for x. x=±7

The solution set is .

Let us check the solution set:

x2 – 98 = 0 x2 – 98 = 0
if 𝑥 = 7√2: (7√2)2 − 98 = 0 and if 𝑥 = −7√2: (−7√2)2 − 98 = 0
49(2) – 98 =0 49(2) – 98 = 0
98 – 98 = 0 98 – 98 = 0
0=0 0=0

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 B. By Factoring
What do you think is the difference between Column A and Column B below? Are the
items in Column A the same as their counterparts in Column B?

Column A Column B
1. b – b
2
b (b-1)
2. x2 + 10x + 24 (x + 4) (x + 6)
3. 2x2 + 8x – 42 (2x – 6) (x + 7)

If your answer in the previous question is YES, it means that you have already the
knowledge about factoring algebraic expressions. Column B is the factored form of the
expressions in Column A. This will be the focus of the discussion in this lesson which is solving
quadratic equation by factoring as a method.
If one side of the given quadratic equation can be factored into two linear factors, then
the equation can be solved by factoring applying the zero product property.

Zero Product Property

For any real numbers a and b, if ab = 0, then either a = 0 or b = 0.
Example:
(x + 7) (x – 9) = 0 then, x + 7 = 0 or x - 9 = 0

Steps on Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring:

1. Rewrite the equation in the standard form.
2. Factor the left side of the equation.
3. Equate both factors to zero.
4. Solve the resulting linear equation.
Example 1
Solve the equation x2 + 10x + 24 = 0.
Solution:
Factor the left side. (x+ 4) (x + 6) = 0
Set each factor to zero. x + 4 = 0 or x + 6 = 0
Solve each equation. x=-4 or x=-6
The solution set is {-4, -6}.

We can check if the solution set is correct or wrong by substituting the obtained result
to the original equation. Let us substitute the values of x = -4 and x = -6. Here is the process:

x2 +10x + 24 = 0

If 𝑥 = −4: (-4)2 + 10(-4) + 24 = 0 and If 𝑥 = −6: (-6)2 + 10(-6) + 24 = 0

16 - 40 + 24 = 0 36 - 60 + 24 = 0
-24 + 24 = 0 - 24 + 24 = 0
0=0 0=0

What can you say about the answer in the last step? Is the value in the left side of the
equation the same as in the right side? Yes, it is! Both sides of the equation have a value of
zero. This simply shows that our solution set which is -4 and -6 are the correct values of x in
the quadratic equation x2 + 10x + 24 = 0 because they made the equation true.

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Example 2
Solve the equation 2x2 + 8x = 42.
Solution:
Rewrite to the standard form 2x2 + 8x – 42 = 0.
Factor the left side. (2x – 6) (x + 7) = 0
Set each factor to zero. 2x – 6 = 0 or x + 7 = 0
Solve each equation. x = 3 or x = -7
The solution set is {3, -7}.
Let us check:
2x2 + 8x = 42 2x2 + 8x = 42
2 2
If x = 3: 2(3) + 8(3) = 42 and If x = -7: 2(-7) + 8(-7) = 42
2(9) + 24 = 42 2(49) - 56 = 42
18 + 24 = 42 98 - 56 = 42
42 = 42 42 = 42

What can you say about the solution set which is 3 and -7? Did they make the equation
true after substituting the values of x in the original equation?

Example 3
Solve the equation 6x2 + 42x = 0.
Solution:
Factor the left side. 6x (x + 7) = 0
Set each factor to zero. 6x = 0 or x + 7 = 0
Solve each equation. x = 0 or x = -7
The solution set is {0, -7}.

Check the solution set like the process in No.1 and No.2.

C. By Completing the Square

Pair the perfect square trinomials in Column A with its factored form in Column B.
Write the letter that corresponds to each number on the table below.

Trinomials Factored Form

1. e2 + 4e + 4 P (3e + 4)2
2. e2 – 6e + 9 Y (e + 2)2
3. 4e2 – 24e + 36 L (2e - 6)2
4. e2 + 14e + 49 R (e + 7)2
5. 9e2 + 24e + 16 E (e - 3)2
Answer:

4 2 5 3 1

If the quadratic equation cannot be solved either by factoring or by extracting the

square root, then we can use the other method of solving it. This is by completing the square.
This method makes one side of the equation a perfect square trinomial.

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 The expression ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial if a and c are both perfect
squares, and b is twice the product of the square root of a and c.
Examples:
1. x2 + 6x + 9 a = 1 and c = 9 which are both perfect squares
b = 6 which is equal to 2 (√1)(√9)

2. 4x2 – 20x + 25 a = 4 and c = 25 which are both perfect square

b = 20 which is equal to 2 (√4)(√25)

Procedure:
1. If a ≠ 1, then divide the equation by a.
2. Write the equation in the form ax2 + bx = c.
𝑏 2
3. Add ( ) to both side of the equation.
2
4. Express the left side as square of binomial and simplify the right side.
5. Extract the square root of each side and solve for x.

Example 1
Solve the equation 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0.
Solution:
Rewrite in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑐. 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 = −24

𝑏 2 10 2
Add ( ) = ( ) to both sides. 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 25 = -24 + 25
2 2
Express the left side as square of binomial
and simplify the right side. (𝑥 + 5)2 = 1
Extract the square root of each side.
𝑥 + 5 = ±1
Solve for x. 𝑥+5=1 and 𝑥 + 5 = −1
𝑥=1−5 𝑥 = −1 − 5 (using APE)
𝑥 = −4 𝑥 = −6
The solution set is {-4, -6}.
Check the solution set to make the quadratic equation true by substituting 𝑥 = −4 to
the original equation which is 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0. Your last step should come out as 0 = 0. Then,
do the same process by substituting 𝑥 = −6. The result in the last step should be also 0 = 0. If
it is not, go back to your process and review your solution until your equation becomes 0 = 0.
Just be patient and keep practicing!

Example 2
Solve the equation 2x2 + 8x = 42.
Solution:
2𝑥 2 + 8x = 42
Divide the equation by 2.
2
2
x + 4x = 21
2
𝑏 2 4
Add (2 ) = (2) to both sides. x2 + 4x + 4 = 21 + 4

Express the left side as square of binomial

and simplify the right side. (x + 2)2 = 25

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 Extract the square root of each side.
𝑥 + 2 = ±5
Solve for x. 𝑥+2=5 and 𝑥 + 2 = −5
𝑥=5−2 𝑥 = −5 − 2 (using APE)
𝑥=3 𝑥 = −7
The solution set is {3, -7}.
Verify if the solution is correct by doing the same process in No. 1.

Example 3
Solve the equation 6𝑥2 + 42𝑥 = 0.
Solution:
6𝑥 2 + 42x = 0
Divide the equation by 6.
6

𝑥2 + 7𝑥 = 0
7 2 49 49
Add (2) to both sides. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 4
= 4

Express the left side as square of binomial

and simplify the right side

Extract the square root of each side.

7 7
𝑥 + 2 = ±2

7 7 7 7
Solve for x. 𝑥+ 2
= 2
and 𝑥+ 2
=−
2
7 7 7 7
𝑥= 2
− 2
𝑥 = − 2 −2 (using APE)
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𝑥=0 𝑥=− 2
𝑥 = −7
The solution set is {0, -7}.

Is the solution set correct? Mentally, try focusing on 6𝑥2 + 42𝑥 = 0 and replace x with
zero. What is your answer? How about replacing x with -7? You will get the same result!

D. By Using the Quadratic Formula

The completing the square method is applicable to all kinds of quadratic equations,
whether the equation is factorable or not factorable; complete or incomplete. But the method
of completing the square is very tedious.

An easier way of solving quadratic equation is by using the quadratic formula which
was derived from completing the square.

−𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂

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 Take note that in this method, we just need to identify the values of a, b, and c of the
equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0. Substitute these values on the quadratic formula then solve.

Example 1.
Determine the solution set of 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0.
Solution:
Identify the values of a, b, and c. a=1 b = 10 c = 24

−10±√102 −4(1)(24)
Substitute the values in the formula: 𝑥= 2(1)

−10±√100 −96
Simplify. 𝑥= 2

−10±√4
𝑥=
2
−10±2
𝑥= 2
−10+2 −8
Solve for x: 𝑥= = = −4 or
2 2

−10−2 −12
𝑥= = = −6
2 2
The solution set is {-4, -6}.
Try to check your solution set.

How do you feel solving the same quadratic equation using quadratic formula and by
completing the square? State your answer on your notebook.

Example 2.
Solve the equation 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 = 42.
Solution:
Rewrite in the standard form.
Identify the values of a, b, and c. a=2 b=8 c = -42
−8±√82 −4(2)(−42)
Substitute the values in the formula. 𝑥=
2(2)
−8±√64 +336
𝑥=
4

−8±√400
Simplify. 𝑥=
4

−8±20
𝑥=
4

Solve for x: 𝑥 or
𝟒 𝟒

𝑥
𝟒 𝟒

The solution set is {3, -7}.

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 Between completing the square and using the quadratic formula, which method do
you prefer to use?

Remember
The four ways of solving quadratic equations are
________________, _________________, _______________, and _________________.
We use square root method if the value of b = 0. If the quadratic equation is
factorable, we can use factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. However,
if it is not factorable, opt to use either completing the square or quadratic formula.
Among them, I prefer to use _________________________ because it is
_________________________________________________________________________.

Checking Your Understanding

1. Find the solution set/roots of 3x2 - 75 = 0 using:
a. square root method;
b. factoring;
c. completing the square; and
d. quadratic formula.
Compare your answers in four methods. Show your solution.

2. Using factoring, completing the square, and quadratic formula, show that the solution
set of 2x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 is the same in all 3 methods.

REFERENCES
• Ju Se T. Ho et al (1996), Learners Material for Mathematics Grade 9. 21st Century
Mathematics, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City

Clarita T. Sebuala, Master Teacher I Mary Jane D. Cerdeña, Teacher II

Content Evaluator Format Evaluator

Elpidio G. Tamani Jr., Master Teacher I Mary Joy E. Guevarra, Teacher III
Content Evaluator Language Editor

Benedicta J. Pepito, Teacher III

Content Evaluator

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