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3-JSP Basic

The document provides an overview of JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology including the role of JSP pages, the JSP execution model, lifecycle, core syntax elements like directives, declarations, scriptlets and expressions, and how JSP interacts with HTML, servlets and other JSP pages.

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Hi Raid
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59 views44 pages

3-JSP Basic

The document provides an overview of JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology including the role of JSP pages, the JSP execution model, lifecycle, core syntax elements like directives, declarations, scriptlets and expressions, and how JSP interacts with HTML, servlets and other JSP pages.

Uploaded by

Hi Raid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

JSP Basic

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 1


Topic
• JavaServer Pages technology
• The role of JSP pages within Web applications
• JSP execution model
• JSP lifecycle
• Core JSP syntax
– Directives
– Declarations
– Scriptlets
– Expressions
• JSP interaction with HTML, servlets and other JSP
pages
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 2
Content within a Web Page

• Content delivered to a client is composed from:


– Static or non-customized content
– Customized content
• Page layout and style are managed through HTML, XSL
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 3
What is JSP Page?
• JavaServer Pages is a technology that lets you mix
static HTML with dynamically generated HTML
• JSP technology allows server-side scripting:
– Static tags are HTML or XML or other markup language.
– Dynamic content generated by scripting code
• Java is the (default) scripting language
• A JSP file (has an extension of .jsp) contains any
combination of:
– JSP syntax
– Markup tags such as HTML or XML

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 4


A Simple JSP Page
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Our WebSite Home</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY background="image.jpg" text="#ffffff">
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
<H1>Welcome to Our WebSite</H1>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<H3>Today's date is

<%= new java.util.Date() %>


</H3></TD>
<TD>see <A href="breaking.html">
breaking news</A>.
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 5


Servlet vs. JSP

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 6


JSP or Servlet?
• Use servlets to:
– Determine what processing is needed to satisfy the request
– Validate input
– Work with business objects to access the data and perform the
processing needed to satisfy the request
– Control the flow through a Web application
• Use JSP pages for displaying the content generated by
your Web application
• In a typically production environment, both servlet and
JSP are used in a Model-View-Controler (MVC) pattern
– Servlet handles controller part
– JSP handles view part
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 7
JSP Benefits (1 of 2)
• Separation of static from dynamic content
– The logic to generate the dynamic content is kept separate
from the static presentation by encapsulating it within
external (JavaBeans) components
– Separation of workload
• Easier to author web pages
• Write Once Run Anywhere
– Easily moved between platforms, no rewriting necessary
• J2EE-Compliant
– The J2EE Blueprint recommends using JSP pages over
servlets for the presentation of dynamic data
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 8
JSP Benefits (2 of 2)
• Leverages the Servlet API
– The JSP specification is a standard extension defined on
top of the Servlet API
• Reuse of components and tag libraries
– JSP technology emphasizes the use of reusable
components such as JavaBeans, Enterprise JavaBeans,
and tag libraries
• High-quality tool support
– One goal of the JavaServer Pages design is to enable the
creation of JSP development tools, such as Page Designer
in Application Developer

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 9


Separate Request processing,
Business logic, and Presentation

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 10


JSP Execution Model (1 of 2)
• A JSP page is executed in a Web Container
– The Web Container delivers client requests to the JSP
page and returns the page’s response to the client
• The JSP page is converted into a servlet (JSP
servlet) and executed
• This process is known as PageCompilation:
– JSP source is parsed
– Java servlet code is generated
– This JSP servlet is compiled, loaded, and run

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 11


JSP Execution Model (2 of 2)
• Compilation is only performed as needed:
– No class file exists, or
– JSP has been updated since last compilation
• Precompilation
– The JSP 2.0 specification requires support by the
container for precompilation
– All request parameters starting with jsp_ are reserved
• JSP pages should ignore parameters starting with
jsp_

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 12


Life-Cycle of a JSP
Page

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 13


JSP Lifecycle Methods during
Execution Phase

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 14


Initialization and Finalization a JSP
Initialization
• Declare methods for performing the following tasks
– Read persistent configuration data
– Initialize resources
– Perform any other one-time activities by overriding jspInit()
method of JspPage interface
Finalization
• Declare methods for performing the following tasks
– Read persistent configuration data
– Release resources
– Perform any other one-time cleanup activities by overriding
jspDestroy() method of JspPage interface

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 15


JavaServer Pages
Fundamental

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 16


JSP Syntax Elements
JSP elements fall into groups:
• Scripting
– Comments
– Declarations
– Expressions
– Scriptlets
• Directives
• Actions
– Directives and scripting have both non-XML syntax and
XML syntax
– Actions are only written in XML syntax
• JSP Expression Language (from JSP 2.0)

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 17


JSP Scripting Elements
• Lets you insert Java code into the servlet that will be
generated from JSP page
• Minimize the usage of JSP scripting elements in
your JSP pages if possible
• There are three forms
– Comments: <%-- comment --%>
– Declarations: <%! Declarations %>
– Scriptlets: <% Code %>
– Expressions: <%= Expressions %>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 18


Comment
• A good way of explaining any complicated logic that
may have arisen for whatever reason
<%-- This is a JSP comment --%>
• Get stripped out during the translation phase and
aren't sent to the client as part of the response.
• HTML comments sent to a client's browser and any
client can view the comments by using the View
Source options
<!--This is an HTML comment -->

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 19


Declarations
• Used to define variables or methods that get
inserted into the main body of servlet class
– Outside of _jspSevice() method
– Implicit objects are not accessible to declarations
• Format:
<%! declaration %>
• Example

<%! Date now = new Date(); %>


<%!
private int calculate(int a, int b)
{ ... }
%>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 20


Example: Declaration initdestroy.jsp
• For initialization and cleanup in JSP pages, use
declarations to override jspInit() and
jspDestroy() methods
<%!
private BookDBAO bookDBAO;
public void jspInit() {
// retrieve database access object, which was set once
// per web application
bookDBAO =(BookDBAO)getServletContext().getAttribute("bookDB");
if (bookDBAO == null)
System.out.println("Couldn't get database.");
}
public void jspDestroy() {
bookDBAO = null;
}
%>
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 21
Scriptlets
• Used to insert arbitrary Java code into servlet's
jspService() method
• Can do:
– setting response headers and status codes,
– writing to a server log,
– updating database,
– executing code that contains loops, conditionals
• Can use predefined variables (implicit objects)
• Format:
<% Java code %>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 22


Example: Scriptlets
• Display query string
<%
String queryData = request.getQueryString();
out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData);
%>
• Setting response type
<% response.setContentType("text/plain"); %>
• Executing code that contains conditionals
<% if (Calendar.getInstance()
.get(Calendar.AM_PM)==Calendar.AM) {
%> How are you this morning?
<% } else {
%> How are you this afternoon?
<% } %>
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 23
Expressions
• During execution phase
– Expression is evaluated and result is converted into a
String
– The String is then inserted into the servlet's output stream
directly
– Results in something like out.println(expression)
– Can use predefined variables (implicit objects) within
expression
• Format
<%= expression %>
• Semi-colons are not allowed for expressions
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 24
Example: Expressions
• Display current time using Date class
– Current time: <%=new java.util.Date()%>
• Display random number using Math class
– Random number: <%=Math.random()%>
• Use implicit objects
– Your parameter:
<%=request.getParameter("param")%>
– Server: <%=application.getServerInfo()%>
– Session ID: <%=session.getId()%>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 25


Implicit objects
• Within both Scriptlets and Expressions there are certain
implicit objects available for use.
– Created by container
• Implicitly defined variables available for scripting:
– request - HttpServletRequest object
– response - HttpServletResponse object
– pageContext - The PageContext for this JSP
– session - HttpSession object (if any)
– application - the ServletContext object
– config - ServletConfig object for this JSP
– out - JspWriter
– page - Page’s implementation class processing the current
– exception - the Throwable object passed to this error page

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 26


Scope Factors
Scope Type Implicit Factor
Variable
page PageContext pageContext Used internally by page compiler
and by custom tag libraries
request ServletRequest request Information relevant to a specific
user for a specific HTTP
request/response pair.
session HttpSession session Information relevant to a specific
user for a series of
request/response pairs.
application ServletContext application Information specific to a group of
users across multiple servlets in
a Web application

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 27


Using Scope Objects
• Scope object enables sharing
information among collaborating web application

components via attributes maintained session


in Scope objects request
• A JSP page can access objects at run page
time via one of four different scopes
– page: The current JSP page, used with
Custom Actions
– request: current HttpServletRequest
object
– session: current HttpSession object
– application: current ServletContext
object
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 28
Page Scope
• Objects are available only within the
page where they are created application
• References to these objects are session
released after the response is sent request
back to the client or when the request page
is forwarded to somewhere else
• Use setAttribute(String, Object)
to set
and getAttribute(String) to
retrieve
• References to objects with page scope
are stored in the pageContext object

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 29


Request Scope
• Objects are available within the page
where they are created, and pages to application
which the current request is forwarded session
• References to these objects are released request
after the response is sent back to the client page
• References to objects with request scope
are stored in the request object
• To store objects in the request context:
– Use HttpRequest.setAttribute(String,
object) in the servlet
– JSP pages use
request.getAttribute(String) to retrieve
values

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 30


Session Scope
• Objects are available from servlets and
JSP pages processing requests that application
are in the same user session session
• References to the object are be
released after the associated session request
ends page
• References to objects with session
scope are stored in the session object
• To store objects in the session context:
– Use
HttpSession.setAttribute(String,
Object) in the servlet
– JSP pages use
session.getAttribute(String) to
retrieve values

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 31


Application Scope
• Objects are available from servlets and
pages processing requests that are in the application
same application session
• References to the object are released when
the run-time environment reclaims the request
ServletContext object page
• References to objects with application
scope are stored in the application object
• To store objects in the application context:
– Use
ServletContext.setAttribute(String,
Object) in the servlet
– JSP pages use
application.getAttribute(String) to
retrieve values

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 32


Including and Forwarding to Other
Web Resource

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 33


Including Contents in a JSP Page

• Two mechanisms for including another


Web resource in a JSP page
– include directive
– jsp:include element

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 34


Include Directive
• Syntax and Example
<%@ include file="relativeURLspec" %>
– Example: <%@ include file="banner.jsp" %>
• Is processed when the JSP page is translated into a
servlet class
• Effect of the directive is to insert the text contained
in another file – either static content or another JSP
page – in the including JSP page
• Used to include banner content, copyright
information, or any chunk of content that you might
want to reuse in another page

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 35


jsp:include Action Element
• Syntax and Example
<jsp:include page="includedPage" />
– Example: <jsp:include page="date.jsp"/>
• Is processed when a JSP page is executed
• Allows you to include either a static or dynamic
resource in a JSP file
– static: its content is inserted into the calling JSP file
– dynamic:
• the request is sent to the included resource, the included
page is executed, and then the result is included in the
response from the calling JSP page
• Execution of current page continues after including response
from target
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 36
Which One to Use it?
• Use <%@include ...> directive if the file changes
rarely
– It is faster than jsp:include

• Use jsp:include for content that changes often


• Use jsp:include if which page to include cannot
be decided until the main page is requested
<jsp:include page="<%= contentpage %>"/>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 37


Forwarding to another Web component
• Same mechanism as in Servlet
• Syntax and Example
<jsp:forward page="forwardpage" />
– Example: <jsp:forward page="/main.jsp" />
• Execution of current page is terminated and target
resource has full control over request
• Original request object is provided to the target page
via jsp:param element
<jsp:forward page="..." >
<jsp:param name="param1" value="value1"/>
</jsp:forward>
10/1/2014 JSP Basic 38
JSP Interactions
• A JSP page can be invoked:
– By URI
– By a servlet
– By another JSP page
• JSP page can invoke:
– A servlet
– Another JSP page

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 39


Invoking a JSP by URL
• A JSP page can be invoked by URL,
– from within the <FORM> tag of a JSP or HTML page,
– or from another JSP page

• To invoke a JSP page by URL, use the syntax:


http://servername/path/filename.jsp

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 40


Calling a JSP Page from a Servlet
• JSP pages can be called using the same
RequestDispatcher interface used to call servlets
from servlets
– getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher
("/pages/showResults.jsp")
.forward(request, response);

OR
– request.getRequestDispatcher
("/pages/showResults.jsp")
.forward(request, response);

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 41


Invoking a Servlet from a JSP Page
• You can invoke a servlet from a JSP page
– either as an action on a form,
– or directly through the jsp:include or jsp:forward
tags.
• To invoke a servlet within the HTML <FORM> tag, the
syntax is:
<FORM METHOD="POST | GET"
ACTION="application_URI /Servlet_URL">
<!--Other tags such as text boxes
and buttons go here -->
</FORM>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 42


Invoking a JSP Page from another JSP
Page
To invoke a JSP file from another JSP file, you can:
• Specify the URL of the second JSP file on the
FORM ACTION attribute:
<FORM ACTION="/MYAPP/DateDisplay.jsp">
• Specify the URL of the second JSP file in an anchor
tag HREF attribute:
<a HREF="/MYAPP/InfoDisplay.jsp">reference-
text</a>

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 43


JSP Issues
• Advantages:
– Can build and maintain presentation using page authoring
tools
– Full support for Java on server-side
• Disadvantages:
– Excessive Java code pollutes HTML
– Poor separation of responsibility (.jsp owned by both Page
Designer and Logic Developer)

10/1/2014 JSP Basic 44

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