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BSTA100-Essentials of Statistics: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

This document provides an outline and overview of Chapter 2 Part 1 of the BSTA100 Essentials of Statistics course. It covers organizing qualitative data into frequency distributions and different types of graphs used to represent categorical data including bar graphs, pie charts, and time series graphs. Examples of each are provided and additional references for drawing the different graph types are listed. Students are instructed to complete practice problems 1 through 7 for the chapter.

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53 views10 pages

BSTA100-Essentials of Statistics: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

This document provides an outline and overview of Chapter 2 Part 1 of the BSTA100 Essentials of Statistics course. It covers organizing qualitative data into frequency distributions and different types of graphs used to represent categorical data including bar graphs, pie charts, and time series graphs. Examples of each are provided and additional references for drawing the different graph types are listed. Students are instructed to complete practice problems 1 through 7 for the chapter.

Uploaded by

bill hadd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Business

Department of Economics

BSTA100- Essentials of Statistics


Chapter 2 | Part 1

Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Fall 2021 - 2022

BSTA100- Chapter 2
Outline
2-1 Organizing Data
● Categorical Frequency Distributions

2-3 Other Types of Graphs


● Bar Graphs
● Pie Charts
● Time Series Graphs

2
Organizing Data
● When the data are in original form, they are called raw data.

● A frequency distribution is the organization of raw data in table form, using


classes and frequencies.

● Each raw data value is placed into a quantitative or qualitative category called
a class.

● The frequency of a class is the number of data values contained in a specific


class.

3
Categorical Frequency Distributions
(Qualitative Data)
●

4
Example
●

Relative % Relative
Class Frequency Frequency Frequency
A 5 0.2 20
B 7 0.28 28
O 9 0.36 36
AB 4 0.16 16
Total 25 1 100

5
Bar Graphs
● Bar Graphs are used to represent the data when the data are qualitative or
categorical.
● It is most common to draw the classes on x axis and frequency on y axis.
● A bar graph represents the data by using vertical bars whose heights represent
the frequencies of the data. The classes are separated by gaps.

Example:
The least people are those who
have type AB blood.
Type O blood has highest
frequency ( the most common)
The second highest blood type
is type B.
More than twice as many
people have type O blood as
type AB (the bar is more than
double in size)

6
Pie Charts
●

Example:
Type O blood is more prevalent than any other type.
People who have type AB blood are in the minority.
More than twice as many people have type O blood
as type AB Relative % Relative
Class Frequency Frequency Frequency Degrees
A 5 0.2 20% 72
B 7 0.28 28% 100.8
O 9 0.36 36% 129.6
AB 4 0.16 16% 57.6
Total 25 1 1 360

7
Time Series Graphs
● A time series graph represents data that occur over a specific period of time.
It is a line graph of repeated measurements taken over regular time intervals.
● A measure of time is always the unit for x axis in a time series.
● Draw line segments connecting adjacent points.
Example:
- Look for a trend or pattern that occurs over the time period. Is the line
ascending (indicating an increase over time) or descending (indicating a
decrease over time)?
- A line that is steep (sharp slope) over a specific time period indicates a rapid
increase or decrease over that period.

Year Damage ( in millions $)


2001 2.8
2002 3.3
2003 3.4
2004 5
2005 8.5

8
Additional References
● YouTube video links:

Draw a Bar Graph https://youtu.be/FYFYrjMLG7E


Bar Graph Example https://youtu.be/vL5JPwM2bq4
Draw a Pie Chart https://youtu.be/-nLg7oJ8Tzw
Draw Time Series https://youtu.be/6t1puVKW_kI

9
For practice solve worksheet 2
problems 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5, 6 and 7

10

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