2.4 Momentum Impulse
2.4 Momentum Impulse
2.4 Momentum Impulse
The
ball bounces back with a horizontal speed v.
A. m(u + v).
B. m(u – v).
C. m(v – u).
D. zero.
(Total 1 mark)
2. A force F is applied to a body moving along a straight line. A resistive force f acts on the body.
Both forces act along the same straight line as the motion of the body. The rate of change of
momentum of the body is equal to
A. F – f.
B. F.
C. F + f.
D. f.
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Physics 1
3. A ball of weight W is travelling horizontally towards a vertical wall. It strikes the wall and
rebounds horizontally. The change in the magnitude of the momentum of the ball is ∆p. Which
of the following is the magnitude of the impulse that the ball imparts to the wall?
A. W + ∆p
B. W – ∆p
C. W
D. ∆p
(Total 1 mark)
4. Two objects undergo an inelastic collision. Which of the following is correct in respect of both
the conservation of momentum and the conservation of total energy of the system?
IB Questionbank Physics 2
5. A constant force of magnitude F is applied to a mass m for a time interval ∆t. The magnitude of
the impulse given to the mass equals
F
A. .
m
F
B. .
t
C. F∆t.
Ft
D. .
m
(Total 1 mark)
6. Two carts of different mass m and M are connected by a spring. They are pushed together such
that the spring is compressed.
After the carts are released, the cart of mass m moves with velocity v. The change in the
momentum of mass M is
A. mv.
B. –mv.
C. Mv.
D. –Mv.
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Physics 3
7. A rubber ball, travelling in a horizontal direction, strikes a vertical wall. It rebounds at right
angles to the wall. The graph below illustrates the variation of the ball’s momentum p with time
t when the ball is in contact with the wall.
A. The shaded area is equal to the force exerted by the wall on the ball.
B. The shaded area is equal to the force exerted by the ball on the wall.
C. The gradient is equal to the force exerted by the wall on the ball.
D. The gradient is equal to the force exerted by the ball on the wall.
(Total 1 mark)
p
F .
t
What condition is applied so that the law may be expressed in the form F = ma?
IB Questionbank Physics 4
9. Two spheres of masses m1 and m2 are moving towards each other along the same straight-line
with speeds v1 and v2 as shown.
The spheres collide. Which of the following gives the total change in linear momentum of the
spheres as a result of the collision?
A. 0
B. m1v1 + m2v2
C. m1v1 − m2v2
D. m2v2 − m1v1
(Total 1 mark)
(a) A net force of magnitude F acts on a body. Define the impulse I of the force.
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(1)
(b) A ball of mass 0.0750 kg is travelling horizontally with a speed of 2.20 m s–1. It strikes a
vertical wall and rebounds horizontally.
Due to the collision with the wall, 20 % of the ball’s initial kinetic energy is dissipated.
IB Questionbank Physics 5
(i) Show that the ball rebounds from the wall with a speed of 1.97 m s–1.
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(2)
(ii) Show that the impulse given to the ball by the wall is 0.313 N s.
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(2)
IB Questionbank Physics 6
(c) The ball strikes the wall at time t = 0 and leaves the wall at time t = T.
The sketch graph shows how the force F that the wall exerts on the ball is assumed to
vary with time t.
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
IB Questionbank Physics 7
11. This question is about dynamics and energy.
A bullet of mass 32 g is fired from a gun. The graph shows the variation of the force F on the
bullet with time t as it travels along the barrel of the gun.
The bullet is fired at time t = 0 and the length of the barrel is 0.70 m.
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(2)
IB Questionbank Physics 8
(b) Use the graph to
(i) determine the average acceleration of the bullet during the final 2.0 ms of the
graph.
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(2)
(ii) show that the change in momentum of the bullet, as the bullet travels along the
length of the barrel, is approximately 9 N s.
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(3)
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(2)
IB Questionbank Physics 9
(ii) average power delivered to the bullet.
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(3)
(d) Use Newton’s third law to explain why a gun will recoil when a bullet is fired.
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(3)
(Total 15 marks)
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(2)
IB Questionbank Physics 10
(b) In an experiment, an air-rifle pellet is fired into a block of modelling clay that rests on a
table.
(not to scale)
The air-rifle pellet remains inside the clay block after the impact.
As a result of the collision, the clay block slides along the table in a straight line and
comes to rest. Further data relating to the experiment are given below.
(i) Show that the initial speed of the clay block after the air-rifle pellet strikes it is
4.8 m s–1.
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(2)
IB Questionbank Physics 11
(ii) Calculate the average frictional force that the surface of the table exerts on the clay
block whilst the clay block is moving.
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(4)
(c) The experiment is repeated with the clay block placed at the edge of the table so that it is
fired away from the table. The initial speed of the clay block is 4.3 m s–1 horizontally.
The table surface is 0.85 m above the ground.
(not to scale)
IB Questionbank Physics 12
(i) Ignoring air resistance, calculate the horizontal distance travelled by the clay block
before it strikes the ground.
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(4)
(ii) The diagram in (c) shows the path of the clay block neglecting air resistance. On
the diagram, draw the approximate shape of the path that the clay block will take
assuming that air resistance acts on the clay block.
(3)
(Total 15 marks)
IB Questionbank Physics 13