CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

are two-dimensional curves that are formed when a plane

intercepts a double-napped cone
DOUBLE-NAPPED CONE a line on the cone

a point where generators

intersect

A vertical line passing

through the vertex
CONIC SECTIONS

Circle

If the cutting plane to the cone is not parallel

to any generator, but is perpendicular to the
axis of the cone, then the curve of intersection
is a circle.
CONIC SECTIONS

PARABOLA

If the cutting plane used to slice the two-

napped cone is parallel to exactly one
generator, consequently cutting only one of
the cones, then the curve of intersection is
called a parabola.
CONIC SECTIONS

ELLIPSE

An ellipse is the curve which results from

slicing a double-napped cone by a plane which
is not parallel to any generator of the cone.
CONIC SECTIONS

HYPERBOLA

If the cutting plane to a two-napped cone is

parallel to two generators and intersects both
nappes, then the curve of intersection is
called hyperbola.
DEGENERATE CONICS

are conic sections that result when the plane that cuts the
double-napped cone passes through the vertex.
DEGENERATE CONICS

POINT

The cutting plane of a circle or

ellipses passes through the vertex
DEGENERATE CONICS

LINE

The cutting plane of a parabola

passes through the vertex
DEGENERATE CONICS

INTERSECTING LINES

The cutting plane of a hyperbola

passes through the vertex
In algebra, a general equation represents all types of conic
sections. However, each type has a unique standard form.

GENERAL EQUATION

𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

where A, B, C, D and E are real numbers not all equal to zero

Is there a way for us to determine what type of conic
section is described by a given equation?
 USEFUL HINTS

𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

1. If A and B are exactly the same, the equation may be of a circle.

EXAMPLE:

𝐚 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 +𝟒𝒚𝟐 +𝟖𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

𝐛 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 +𝟑𝒚𝟐 +𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
 USEFUL HINTS

𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

2. If A and B are different, but have the same sign, the equation may
be of an ellipse .
EXAMPLE:
𝐚 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 +𝟓𝒚𝟐 +𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎

𝐛 𝐱 𝟐 +𝟐𝒚𝟐 −𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
 USEFUL HINTS

𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

3. If A and B have opposite signs, the equation may be of a hyperbola .

EXAMPLE:

𝐚 𝟓𝐱 𝟐 −𝟔𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎

𝐛 − 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝒚 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
 USEFUL HINTS

𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

4. If A = 0 and B = 0 but not both at the same time, the equation may
be of a parabola.

EXAMPLE:
𝐚 𝟏𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 ; here, B = 0

𝐛 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖 𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟎 ; here, A = 0
However, degenerate conics also share the same general equation.
Below are equation of some degenerate conics:
𝐚 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 +𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎𝒚 + 𝟑𝟖 = 𝟎 ; not an ellipse but a point

𝐛 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒚𝟐 −𝟐𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟎 ; not a hyperbola but a pair of

intersecting lines

To prevent such errors, we perform algebraic manipulations to

the general equation and transform it into standard form.
CONIC SECTIONS & ITS STANDARD FORM

Circle (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

(𝒙 −𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐

Ellipse 𝒂𝟐
+
𝒃𝟐
=1 or
𝒂𝟐
+
𝒃𝟐
=1

Parabola 𝟒𝒂 𝒙 − 𝒉 = (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 or 𝟒𝒂 𝒚 − 𝒌 = (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐

(𝒙 −𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐

Hyperbola − =1 or − =1
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
How to convert a given general equation to a known
standard form and vice versa?
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

𝐚 𝟔𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚𝟐 +𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

Solution:
➢ Divide both sides of the equation by 6 (GCF) to reduce
terms. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

➢ Group terms with similar variables together then transpose the constant to
the ride side
(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚) = −𝟐
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

➢ Apply “completing the squares” to each group.

(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚) = −𝟐
(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + _______) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + ______) = −𝟐
(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒) = −𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝟒
(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒) = 𝟑

➢ Reduce each group by factoring.

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟑 Circle

GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

𝐛 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
Solution:
➢ Group terms with similar variables together then transpose the constant to
the ride side
(𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏
(𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + _____) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + _____) = 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 −𝟐𝒙 + _____) + (𝒚𝟐 −𝟐𝒚 + _____) = 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟒
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

(𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏

(𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + _____) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + _____) = 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + _____) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + _____) = 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟏
𝟐(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟒
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟒
(𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 (𝒚−𝟏)𝟐
𝟐
+
𝟒
=1 Ellipse
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

𝐜 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒚𝟐 −𝟖𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒𝒚 − 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎

Solution:
➢ Group terms with similar variables together then transpose the constant to
the ride side
(𝟒𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙) − (𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚) = 𝟖𝟎
(𝟒𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + _____) − (𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚 + _____) = 𝟖𝟎
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + _____) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + _____) = 𝟖𝟎
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 80 + 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟑(𝟏𝟔)
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

(𝟒𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙) − (𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚) = 𝟖𝟎

(𝟒𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + _____) − (𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚 + _____) = 𝟖𝟎
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + _____) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + _____) = 𝟖𝟎
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 80 + 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟑(𝟏𝟔)
𝟒(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟑(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
𝟒(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟑(𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
(𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 (𝒚−𝟏)𝟐
𝟗
−
𝟏𝟐
=1 Hyperbola
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎
Solution:
➢ Group terms with similar variables together then transpose the constant to
the ride side
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟔
(𝐱 𝟐 +𝟖𝒙 + _____) = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟔
(𝐱 𝟐 +𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔
(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎
(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟒(𝒚 − 𝟓) Parabola
PRACTICE EXERCISE

GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM

𝟏. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
Solution:
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚) = −𝟒
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + _____) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + _____) = −𝟒
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗) = −𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟗
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗) = 𝟗
(𝐱 − 𝟐)𝟐 +(𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟗
(𝐱 − 𝟐)𝟐 +(𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐
STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙−𝟑 𝒚+𝟒
𝐚 − =𝟏
𝟗 𝟒
Solution:
➢ Multiply all terms by the LCM of the denominators

𝟒(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟗(𝒚 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

➢ Expand each group

𝟒(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗) − 𝟗(𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔

STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM

➢ Distribute the coefficients then simplify

𝟒(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗) − 𝟗(𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝟔 −𝟗𝒚𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟔
𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟒𝐱 −𝟗𝒚𝟐 −𝟕𝟐𝐲 = 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟒𝐱 −𝟗𝒚𝟐 −𝟕𝟐𝐲 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
GENERAL EQUATION
𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟗𝒚𝟐 −𝟐𝟒𝒙 −𝟕𝟐𝒚 −𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎

 STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM

𝐛 (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐 GENERAL EQUATION

Solution:
𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎
➢ Expand each group
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟗
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟗 − 𝟒 − 𝟗

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 = −𝟒
 STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM

𝐜 (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟒(𝒚 − 𝟓) GENERAL EQUATION

Solution:
𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎
➢ Expand each group
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟔
 PRACTICE EXERCISE

𝐚 (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
GENERAL EQUATION
Solution:
➢ Expand each group 𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟒𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 − 𝟒
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓
CIRCLE
CIRCLE

A circle is a closed curve defined as the locus of all

points with a constant distance called radius (r)
from a fixed point known as the center (C).
The standard equation of a circle whose center is at (𝒉, 𝒌) and
whose radius measures 𝒓 is given by

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐫 > 𝟎

The standard equation of a circle tells us two more important

features:
1. exact location of a circle in the Cartesian plane

2. the length of the radius of the circle

Identify the center and radius of a circle.
𝟏. (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟗 𝟐. (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎

𝑪 = (𝟐, −𝟑) ; 𝒓 = 𝟑 𝑪 = (𝟏, 𝟐) ; 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎

Solve for x & y Solve for x & y
(𝒙 − 𝟐) (𝒚 + 𝟑) (𝒙 − 𝟏) (𝒚 − 𝟐)

𝒙−𝟐=𝟎 𝒚+𝟑=𝟎 𝒙−𝟏=𝟎 𝒚−𝟐=𝟎

𝒙=𝟎+𝟐 𝒚=𝟎−𝟑 𝒙=𝟎+𝟏 𝒚=𝟎+𝟐
𝒙=𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟑 𝒙=𝟏 𝒚=𝟐
EXAMPLE 1

Given the general equation of the circle 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎, determine its
center and radius.
Solution:
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 C = (𝟐, −𝟑)
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚) = −𝟒
(𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒) + (𝒚𝟐 +𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗) = −𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟗 r=𝟑
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐) + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗) = 𝟗
(𝐱 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟗
EXAMPLE 2

Given the general equation of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚 − 𝟖𝟗 = 𝟎, determine

its center and radius.
Solution:
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 −𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚 − 𝟖𝟗 = 𝟎
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚) = 𝟖𝟗 C = (𝟒, 𝟖)
(𝐱 𝟐 −𝟖𝐱 + 𝟏𝟔) + (𝒚𝟐 −𝟏𝟔𝐲 + 𝟔𝟒) = 𝟖𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒
(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚 + 𝟔𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔𝟗 r = 𝟏𝟑
(𝐱 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗
EXAMPLE 3

The center of a circle is located at (𝟒, 𝟖). If −𝟖, 𝟑 is on the circle, find its radius.

Solution:

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝒓= 𝟏𝟒𝟒 + 𝟐𝟓
𝒓= (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 +(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 𝒓= 𝟏𝟔𝟗

𝒓= (−𝟖 − 𝟒)𝟐 +(𝟑 − 𝟖)𝟐 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟑

𝒓= (−𝟏𝟐)𝟐 +(−𝟓)𝟐
 EXAMPLE 4

Find the equation of the circle with center 𝟐, −𝟓 and radius of 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

Solution:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + [𝒚 − −𝟓 ]𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

Expand:
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 2𝟓
 EXAMPLE 4
Find the equation of the circle with center 𝟐, −𝟓 and radius of 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒 − 𝟐𝟓

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 = −𝟒

GENERAL EQUATION
𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
 PRACTICE EXERCISE 1

Find the equation of the circle with center 𝟒, 𝟑 and radius of 𝟒𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.
Solution:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = ( 𝟒𝟓)𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓

Expand:
(𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓
𝐱 𝟐 −𝟖𝐱 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 4𝟓
 PRACTICE EXERCISE 1

Find the equation of the circle with center 𝟒, 𝟑 and radius of 𝟒𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.
𝐱 𝟐 −𝟖𝐱 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 𝟒𝟓

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟖𝐱 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟗

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟖𝐱 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟐𝟎

GENERAL EQUATION
𝑨𝒙𝟐 +𝑩𝒚𝟐 +𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎