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Engineering Mathematics-II: Dr. Umber Sheikh

This document provides an overview of modeling ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It discusses how to model problems where the rate of change is proportional to the amount present, such as populations or radioactive decay. The modeling leads to the differential equation dy/dt = ky, which can be solved to obtain the solution y = y0e^kt, describing exponential growth or decay over time. This solution process is demonstrated through several slides integrating and exponentiating both sides of the differential equation.

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Haider Rana
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views

Engineering Mathematics-II: Dr. Umber Sheikh

This document provides an overview of modeling ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It discusses how to model problems where the rate of change is proportional to the amount present, such as populations or radioactive decay. The modeling leads to the differential equation dy/dt = ky, which can be solved to obtain the solution y = y0e^kt, describing exponential growth or decay over time. This solution process is demonstrated through several slides integrating and exponentiating both sides of the differential equation.

Uploaded by

Haider Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mathematics-II

Dr. Umber Sheikh


Introduction to Ordinary Differential
Equations (ODEs)
◼ Modeling
◼ How to Model a Problem?

Slide number 2
Modeling

Slide number 3
How to Model a Problem?

The number of rabbits in a population increases at a rate that is


proportional to the number of rabbits present (at least for awhile.)

So does any population of living creatures. Other things that increase


or decrease at a rate proportional to the amount present include
radioactive material and money in an interest-bearing account.

If the rate of change is proportional to the amount present, the


change can be modeled by:
dy
= ky
dt
Slide number 4 →
dy
= ky Rate of change is proportional to the
amount present.
dt
1
dy = k dt Divide both sides by y.
y
1
 y dy =  k dt Integrate both sides.

ln y = kt + C
Slide number 5 →
1
 y dy =  k dt Integrate both sides.

ln y = kt + C

kt + C
=e
ln y Exponentiate both sides.
e
When multiplying like bases, add
y = e e C kt
exponents. So added exponents can be
written as multiplication.

Slide number 6 →
Exponentiate both sides.
kt + C
=e
ln y
e
When multiplying like bases, add
y = e e C kt exponents. So added exponents can be
written as multiplication.

y = e e C kt

y = Ae kt
Since e
C is a constant, let
e =. A
C

Slide number 7 →
y = e e
C kt

y = Ae kt
Since e C is a constant, let
e =. A
C

k 0
y0 = Ae At t = 0, y =. y0

y0 = A

y = y0 e kt This is the solution to our original initial value


problem.

Slide number 8 →
dy
So if we start with:
= ky
dt
We end with: y = y0 e kt

Slide number 9 →
Slide number 10

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