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NOTES OF DEVELOPMENT Class X CBSE

This document discusses different aspects of development including how development goals can vary between individuals and countries. It examines how development is measured at the national level using metrics like per capita income, literacy rates, and life expectancy. Countries are compared based on these factors, with higher per capita income generally indicating a higher level of development. However, development is a multifaceted concept that also considers non-income factors like security, health, education, and environmental sustainability.

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135 views2 pages

NOTES OF DEVELOPMENT Class X CBSE

This document discusses different aspects of development including how development goals can vary between individuals and countries. It examines how development is measured at the national level using metrics like per capita income, literacy rates, and life expectancy. Countries are compared based on these factors, with higher per capita income generally indicating a higher level of development. However, development is a multifaceted concept that also considers non-income factors like security, health, education, and environmental sustainability.

Uploaded by

Tanisha Rawat
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NOTES OF

DEVELOPMENT
Different People, Different Goals

 Development promises real growth by enhancing total income and standard of living
of a person.
 Different people have different development goals.
 The development goals are varying from people to people.
 For example, a girl from a rich urban family gets as much freedom as her brother
and is able to decide what she wants to do in life. She is able to pursue her studies
abroad.
Income and Other Goals
 People prefer to earn more income for fulfilling their daily requirements of life.
Companies provide material things like money.
 But people also want non-material things like freedom, security, and respect for
others.
 Some companies provide less salary but offer regular employment which enhances
sense of security.
 In other cases, some companies provide high salaries but offer no job securities.
National Development
 National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the standard of living
of its citizens.
 Standards of living of citizens depend upon per capita income, Gross Domestic
Product, literacy rate and availability of health etc.
Comparing Different Countries or States

 We can compare different countries or states on the basis of per capita income.
 We cannot take national income to compare different countries because each
country has a different population rate.
 Per capita income is calculated by dividing total income of a country to total
population of that particular country.
 Per capita income of a country shows the standard of living of the citizens of that
particular company.
 A country with higher per capita income is more developed than others with less per
capita income
World Bank’s Criteria for comparing different countries
 Rich countries with per capita income of US$12736 per annum and above in 2013
 Low income countries are those countries with per capita income of US$1045 or less
than
 India had per capita income of US$1570 in 2013
Limitations
 It covers only income aspect and ignores other aspects like security , peace etc
 It does not tell the real distribution of income
Criteria adopted by UNDP
 Human Development Report by UNDP compares countries on the basis of
a. The educational level of the people( Literacy Rate)
b. The health status of the people (Life Expectancy at birth)
c. The income level (Per capita income)
Public Facilities
 Facilities which are provided by the government considered as public facility like
schools, hospitals, community halls,
 We need public facilities because we are not able to purchase all things by money.
We cannot be able to buy a pollution free environment with the help of money.
Sustainability of Development
 Sustainable Development refers to development of humans while at the same time
sustaining the ability of the natural system.
 It is helpful to fulfil the needs of the human being without harming the ability of the
future generation.
 For sustainable development, we have to use non-renewable resources like carbon
based originally designed fuel for the quantity we need.
 Some renewable resources like groundwater will take a long time to be replenished.
So, we should use that resource in limited quantities.

Important Terms
 Literacy Rate: Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7
and above age group.
 Net Attendance Ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years
who are attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same
age group.
 Infant Mortality Rate: It is the number of children that die before attaining one year of
age as a proportion of 1000 live births in a year. It indicates the development of
health facilities in a country.

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