--

Demonstratives - Pronouns -
Possessives - Quantifiers
f\
Listen and repeat. Then act out.

Demonstratives
This / These are used: That / Those are used:
for people or things near us. for people or things not near us.
These shoes over here are mine. That chair over there is broken.
for present or future situations.
t---
for past situations.
--------
I'm going to Disneyland this month. I We had a wonderful holiday that year.
when the speaker is in the place he/she to refer back to something mentioned before.
is referring to. This room is very untidy. "She failed her exams. " "That's too bad. "
(The speaker is now in the untidy room.)
to introduce people or when we
introduce ourselves on the phone.
when speaking on the phone to ask who the other
person is.
--
"John, this is Ann and this is Tom." "Hello? This is Jo Ryan. Who 's that speaking? / Who 's
"Hello? This is Pam Jones speaking. " that, please?"
This / These - That / Those are not always followed by nouns.

----- This is the best I can do for you. "I've won the lottery." "That's too good to be true. "

1 Fill in: this, that, these or those .

... ..... bracelet is very 2 .................. shirts are 3 .................•.. is Paul.

nice. really nice. Who 's ............ , please?

, -! ( !' \ ..

4 .............. is Mr Davies. 5 ..........•.....• a cow, Jill. 6 ••......•.•........ is a fish .

159
G) Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers

2 Fill in with: this, that, these or those.

"Can you pass me ......... that ......... book, please?" "Yes, of course. Here you are. "
2 "Have you seen ....................... film before?" "No. I hope it'll be good."
3 "Look at ..... . .•..........•.... horses over in the field! " "Yes, they're beautiful."
4 "Could you come here and hold ....................... boxes for me, please? "
5 "Did you see Ken and Liz when they were here?" "No, we were away ..................•.... weekend. "

f'\
ll3311 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

W"I/, /'V" just tak"n my m"dicin"

but I forgot to @hak" it.
..--
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Possessive
adjectives
--.---=
P,-
0-s -se-s-s7 iv-e- - . . - - - - -
pronouns
----'11
Reflexive -
before verbs after verbs as not followed by Emphatic pronouns
followed by nouns
as subject I objects
I nouns I

me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves

Personal Pronouns
• We use personal pronouns to refer to people, things or animals. I've bought some milk. U's on the
table. We don't use a noun and a personal pronoun together. My umbrella is in the car. (NOT: My
it's iR tf:/e saf.) My aunt took me out to dinner. (NOT: My a/iRt sRe teek /'fie eblt te fliRRef.)
• We use I, you , he, she, etc. before verbs as subjects and me, you, him, her, etc. after verbs
as objects. He gave her an expensive diamond ring but she didn 't like it.
• There + be is used for something mentioned for the first time or to say that something or
someone exists. We then use it (+ be) to give more details about something or someone
already talked about. There is a shop on the corner. It is open all day.
• It (+ be) is also used to refer to a person when we are identifying him/her. "Who 's on the
phone?" "It's Mr Brown. "
• It (+ be) is used to begin a sentence with to infinitive or that-clause. It's hard to believe her.
It's back luck that she failed. It is also used for weather, distance, temperature, time
expressions and in the following: It seems that, It appears that, It looks like, It is said that,
etc. It's cold today, isn't it? It seems that it's going to snow.
-
160
Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers G
3 Fill in the gaps with the correct subject or object pronoun.

A: Let's have a takeaway tonight. Do ... yaw ... 3 A: Do you know Brian Maxwell?
prefer pizza or Chinese food? B: Yes, . . . . ... do. ....... sits next to .••....

B: ......... don't mind . ......... both sound in Biology class. Why do . . . . . . . . .. ask?

great. 4 A: How does Scott know Ivan?

2 A: Where were .......... ? .......... tried B: .......... met .......... at the Sports

calling .......... at home. Centre . ......... are in the same basketball

B: . . . . . . . . . . was at the library helping May with team .

....•..... project.

0 Fill in the gaps with there or it.

A: .. Thm:e: . . is someone on the phone for 3 A: Have you got an umbrella?

you . I think .......... 's Jim. B: No, I left .......... at home. Can I borrow
B: OK, thanks. yours?

2 A: Look! .......... is your friend . 4 A: How did you like Henry's speech?

B: Oh yes! .......... 's Jamal. B: .......... was too long and rather boring.

Possessive adjectives / pronouns - Possessive case

• Possessive adjectives / pronouns express possession. Possessive adjectives go before
nouns whereas possessive pronouns do not go before nouns. This is her jacket. It's hers.
Sometimes possessive pronouns go at the beginning of a sentence. Yours is in the bedroom.
• We often use the rather than a possessive adjective with this pattern: Verb + person +
preposition She kissed the baby on the cheek. (because the person whose cheek it is has been
mentioned .)
• Own is used with possessive adjectives to emphasise the fact that something belongs to
someone and no one else. We've got our own car. or We 've got a car of our own.

Possessive case with 's or s' i Possessive case with of for inanimate things I
for people or animals
Singular nouns (person or animal) + 's for inanimate things or abstract nouns
the child's trumpet, the cat's tail, the chef's hat the leaves of a tree, the cost of living
regular plural nouns + ' I of + possessive case / possessive pronoun
the girls' bedroom when there is a determiner (this, some,
irregular plural nouns not ending in s + 's bef?re the noun That's a poem of Ken 's. .rone of
th ' "t th ' b Ken s poems) I lent Tom some books of mme.
e men s SUi S, e women sags I (some of my books)
compound nouns + 's
my brother-in-Iaw's car Note: phrases of place + 's
at the butcher's, the company's headquarters
's after the last of two or more names to time or distance expressions + 's / '
show common possession Sunday's paper, two days' leave, one mile's walk
Ted and Mary's house (They live in the same house.) We can use either 's or of when we talk
's after each name to show individual about places or organisations.
possession Rome's museums or the museums of Rome
Tom's and Kim's houses (They live in different and of with people in longer phrases
houses.) That's the car of one of my friends at school.

161
G) Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers
5 Rewrite the following sentences using the correct possessive form.

I'll see you at the hotel- the entrance later. . f.'11 ..... .
2 We saw Mrs Jones - dog in the park. . ..........................................•.•...........•. .
3 I would like you to meet a friend - my. . ......................................................... .
4 We will leave on tonight - the flight. ............................................................ .
5 Have you seen John - Sally - new computer? .................................................. .
6 The cost - living is rising rapidly nowadays. . .................................................... .
7 This is the children - the classroom. . .......................................................... .
8 She stayed at her mother-in-law - house last night. ...........•.................•.................
I

6 Fill in the correct possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns.

A: Is this mobile phone . . yo.ur.s .. ? 4 A: Mum, have you seen .......... watch?
B: Oh, yes, thanks. I nearly forgot it. B: You left it on the table next to .......... bed .

2 A: I like .......... jumper. 5 A: Why did Tina lend Jim .......... car?
B: Actually, it isn't .......... . It's ......... . B: Because .......... is being repaired at the
sister's. moment.

3 A: This homemade cherry pie of .......... is 6 A: What's wrong with Aya's hand?
so delicious! B: She twisted ...••..... wrist while playing
B: Thanks. One of ........ " friends gave me tennis.
the recipe.

7 Fill in the gaps with my, your, their, our ... own. Use of where necessary.

Sheila hasn't got a car . .Qf ht;r. " so I 4 You really need .............. camera if you
have to drive her to work. want to become a professional photographer.
2 They hope to start .. • . . . . . . . . . .. family 5 I've never needed to have a computer
restaurant one day. . The internet-cafe is just too
3 We're saving up to buy a house ........... . convenient!

8 Here are the titles of some films. Write them using a possessive form or of.

The Curious Case ... af. . . .. Benjamin Button 5 Edge .......... Darkness
2 The Sorcerer . . . . . . . . .. Apprentice 6 Prince .......... Persia
3 Clash .......... the Titans 7 The Time Traveller . . . . . . . . .. Wife
4 Gulliver .......... Travels 8 The Book .. .. .. .... Eli

9 Complete the sentences with the or a possessive adjective.

We had to take ..... tJ.LJr. ..... dog to the vet 3 A dog bit him on .............. hand as he
because he was sick. was running away.
2 A bee stung Wendy on ............•. leg 4 Did you invite . . . . • • . . • . •• friend Melek to the
during lunch. party?

162
Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers G
Reflexive / Emphatic Pronouns
• Reflexive pronouns are used after certain verbs (behave, burn , cut, enjoy, hurt, look, laugh
at, introduce, dry, teach , etc.) when the subject and the object of the verb are the same.
Did you hurt yourself? They look after themselves. They are also used with the preposition by
when we mean a/one / on sb's own. He likes travelling by himself / on his own.
• Reflexive pronouns can be used after be, feel, look, seem to describe emotions or states. She
doesn't look herself these days. They are also used after prepositions but not after prepositions
of place. You should take care of yourself. BUT He is sitting in front of me. (NOT: iR freRt ef FRyBelf)
• Certain verbs do not normally take a reflexive pronoun. These are: wash, shave, dress, afford,
complain, meet, rest, relax, stand up, get up, sit down, wake up, etc. She washed and (got)
dressed. We don't say: &!:Ie II/asf:!ee f:!er-self aRe etf)SSee f:!er-se!f. However, we can use a reflexive
pronoun with wash or dress when we talk about young children or animals. Although Eliza is only
3 years old, she can dress herself. That elephant is washing itself!
• Emphatic pronouns have the same form as reflexive pronouns but a different meaning. They
emphasise the noun or the fact that one person and not another performs an action. I myself
organised the party. or I organised the party myself. They also mean without help. He painted the
house himself. (without help) They go after nouns, pronouns, at the end of a sentence or after but
and than. You should count on no one but yourself.

Note these expressions: Enjoy yourself! (= Have a good time!), Behave yourself! (= Be
good!), I like being by myself. (= I like being alone.), She lives by herself. (= She lives on
her own.), Help yourself to some cake. (= You're welcome to take some cake if you want
some.), Do it yourself. (= Do it without being helped.), Make yourself at home! (= Feel
comfortable!), Make yourself heard. (= Speak loudly enough to be heard by others.)

• Each other means one another. Study the following examples:

They're laughing at each other. They're laughing at themselves.

10 Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns or each other.

A: What an interesting sculpture! 6 A: Does Ann know Tara?

B: Do you like it? I made it . m;y.self. . . B: Yes. Actually, they've been sending emails to
.......... for months now.
2 A: Eric, are you going to the cinema with your
sisters? 7 A: Shouldn't you turn off the TV before you fall
B: No, Mum. They are going by .......... . asleep? .1
B: I don't have to. It will actually turn ......... .
3 A: Did you have a nice time at the funfair?
off in half an hour.
B: Yes, we all enjoyed .......... .
8 A: Is there any dessert?
4 A: How is Paula?
B: Of course. Help .......... to some
B: I don't know. We haven't seen .......... for
chocolate pudding in the fridge.
a long time.
9 A: Do you have to help your little brother get
5 A: How did you hurt your hand?
ready?
B: I burnt .......... while frying eggs this
B: Oh, no. He can dress ..... : ... , .
morning.

163
C!) Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers

f\
113411 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

you found some money, That's great! There are

would you keep it? very few honest people
around these days.

I said I wouldn't keep any of it. I

didn't say I wouldn't spend all of it.

Some - Any - No - Not Any - Every

people things places

Positive some someone / somebody something somewhere
any anyone / anybody anything anywhere
Interrogative any - anyone I anybody Ianything anywhere
Negative Ino / not any Ino one / not anyone nothing -
-----I
nowhere
nobody / not anybody not anything not anywhere
I
POSI't'Ive / I ---+1
t t 'Ive / " evety
n erroga - - -/ evetyb0 dy
eveyone I evetyth'mg evetyWhere
Negative

• Some and its compounds are normally used in a positive sentence before uncountable nouns
or plural countable nouns. There's some cheese left. They are also used in questions when we
want to make an offer, a request or when we expect a positive answer. Would you like something
to drink? Could I have some cake, please? Did you buy some eggs? (I expect you bought some eggs.)
• Any and its compounds are normally used before uncountable nouns or plural countable
nouns in questions. Are there any more apples? They can be used after if in a positive sentence.
I doubt if anyone can help her. They can also be used in positive sentences meaning it doesn't
matter when / which / who / where. You can come any day you want. You can go anywhere you want.
• No / Not any and its compounds are used before plural countable nouns or uncountable
nouns in negations. There 's no cheese left. or There isn't any cheese left. She couldn't find her keys
anywhere. Any is always used after negative words (hardly, never, without, seldom, rarely).
There 's hardly any food left. (NOT: 71:/9::9'8 Raltily Re tees !e#.)
• Every is used before singular countable nouns. Every and its compounds take a verb in the
singular. Every student has to obey the school rules. Everything is ready for the party.

11 Make sentences using the words in the list. Use some or any.

• flour (vi') • bread (X) • apples (./)

• orange juice (X) • milk (vi') • butter (X)
• biscuits (X) • eggs (vi') • tomatoes (X)
• honey (vi') • cheese (X)

There is some flour. There isn't any orange juice.

164
Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers G
12 Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.

A: Are there • . ,;:iJtj •• windows in the bedroom? 5 A: It's rain ing so I don 't want to go .......... .
B: Yes, there are two with a view of the ocean. B: Nor do I but we should do . . . . . . . . .• .

2 A: Could I have .......... chocolate, please? 6 A: . . . . . . . . .. should tell her she has food in
B: I'm sorry, I don't have .......... left. her teeth.
B: I agree. How embarrassing!
3 A: Do you know if .............. , went to the
concert? 7 A: Where did you go?
B: It was cancelled actually, so ........ " went. B: .......... . I was here the whole time.

4 A: I don't like it here. 8 A: There aren 't ........•. strawberries left.

B: Do you want to go .......... else, then? B: I'll buy .......... more later.

13 Fill in the gaps with every or one of its compounds.

I'm so glad •••. • •••• liked the food! 5 Jo loves to travel. She has been ............ .
2 Don't worry, ..................... is going to 6 Sophie wakes up at 7:00 am .............. ..
be all right. day.
3 He has spilt his coffee .......•............. . 7 I've looked ............... but I can't find the
4 I decided to tell Jenny ................ I knew. map.

Much - Many - A lot of

--
Countables r Uncountables
Positive I a lot (of) / lots of / a lot (of) / lots of / There are a lot of trees in the park.
Imany (formal) much (formal) There is a lot of cheese in the fridge.

Interrogative Imany much Are there many shops in York? Did you
have much time to do any shopping?

Negative many much There aren't many oranges. I haven't got

much money.

Positive a few (= some) / a little (= some) / There were a few boys in the class . .;
(very) few ( = not (very) little ( = not Very few students attended the lecture.
many, not enough) much , not enough) Very little progress has been made .

• A lot (of) / Lots (of) are used with countable or uncountable nouns and are normally used
in positive sentences. He 's got a lot of work to do. A lot of students worked on this project.
A lot of can be used in questions or negative sentences in informal English.
Were there a lot of casualties in that road accident? (informal)
• Many is used with countable nouns and much with uncountable nouns. They are normally
used in questions or negative sentences. Has he got many friends? We haven't got much money.
Many or much are often used in positive sentences after too, so, how or in formal English.
He spends too much money. He's got so many problems. Much effort had been made before the
peace treaty was signed. (formal)

165
G) Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers

• A few is used with countable nouns and a little with uncountable nouns. They both have a
positive meaning. A few means some, a small number. A little means some, a small amount.
There are a few oranges and a little sugar on the table .
• Few / Little both have a negative meaning. Few means not many, almost none. Little means
not much, almost none. Few and little are rather formal English. They had little time to enjoy
themselves. There were few occasions to relax.
Very few / very little are more usual in everyday speech. It is also common to use: only a
little, only a few. She has a few good friends (some friends) so she 's happy. He has very few friends
(almost no friends) so he's unhappy. I've got a little time (some time) so I can help you. I've got very
little time (almost no time) so I can't help you.
,.
14 Ask and answer questions using the ideas below as in the example:

1 2 r 3

4 5 6

A: How many oranges have we got? 2 A: How much olive oil have we got?
B: We've got a few. B: We've got a lot.

15 Fill in the gaps with much, many or a lot of.

A: Do we need more bread? 5 A: You've made .......... desserts.

B: Yes, there isn't .. .. left. B: Yes, but I've invited all my friends over!

2 A: How .......... milk should I add to the flour? 6 A: How .......... times a week do you swim?
B: One cup is fine. B: Two or three.

3 A: Have we got .......... tomatoes? 7 A: Max is a very good tennis player.

B: Yes, we've got lots in the fridge. B: Yes, he has won .......... competitions.

4 A: How .......... pepper did you put in the 8 A: How .......... onions are left?
stew? B: About five or six.
B: Why? Is it too spicy?

16 Fill in the gaps with too much or too many.

Don't put .... taQ .n1Ucb . ... " sugar on your 4 Sophie spends ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. money
cereal. It's not good for you . on clothes.
2 This soup tastes awful. You 've added 5 I can't see the band! There are .............. .
.................... salt. people standing in front of us.
3 There are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. people waiting 6 Our new neighbours make .....•.............
for the train to Gatwick. noise. We can 't sleep. .

166
Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers G)
17 Fill in the gaps with a few or a little.
A: Hurry up Brenda; I need to use the phone! 4 A: Is Mr Roberts in?
B: OK. Just give me .. a few .. more minutes. B: Yes. He arrived .......... while ago.
2 A: 'Shall I add some milk to your tea? 5 A: Have you got many CDs?
B: Yes, please but just .......... . B: Only .......... .
3 A: It's a lovely day. Let's have a picnic in the park. 6 A: I'm going to the supermarket. Do you need
B: Great idea! I'll pack .......... sandwiches anything?
and some drinks. B: yes, .......... carrots for the vegetable soup.

f\
Listen and repeat. Then act out.

All - Both - Whole - Either - Neither - None - Every - Each

• All refers to more than two people or things • None refers to more than two people or
or the whole of a group or thing. It has a things. It has a negative meaning and isn't
positive meaning and takes a verb in the followed by a noun. None of can be used
plural. All the students passed the test. All of with nouns, his, them, etc. followed by a
them were very happy. They were all very happy. verb either in the singular or plural. Sal/y,
All + that clause means 'everything' and Helen and Sue haven't been to Madrid. None of
takes a singular verb. All that he said was the girls / them has / have been to Madrid.
untrue. "Are there any more tickets?" "No, none."
• Both refers to two people or things. It has • Both ... and is followed by a plural verb.
a positive meaning and takes a verb in the Both Costas and Nikos are students.
plural. Ann and Kate are sixteen. Both Ann and • Neither ... nor / Either ... or take either a
Kate are sixteen. They are both sixteen. Both of singular or plural verb depending on the
them are sixteen. Both girls are sixteen. subject which follows nor or or.
• Whole (= complete) is used with singular Carol nor Ann goes to the gym.
countable nouns. We always use a, the, • Every is used with singular countable
this, my, etc. + whole + countable noun. nouns. It refers to a group of people or
the whole week = al/ the week / al/ week things and means 'all', 'everyone',
But: al/ the sugar (NOT: t/:/e v'.'f:ie.1e 8/:/fjar) 'everything', etc.
• Either (anyone of two) / Neither (not one Every student was given a certificate at the end
and not the other) are used before singular of the course. (all students)
countable nouns. They refer to two people • Each is used with singular countable
or things. Neither of / Either of take a verb nouns. It means 'one by one', considered
either in the singular or plural. individually. Each trainee should attend a
Neither of them is / are rich. Neither man is rich. three-month course. (all trainees considered
Paul and David promised to help me. individually)
I'd like either of them to help me.

167
G) Demonstratives - Pronouns - Possessives - Quantifiers

18 Underline the correct item.

Both / Either' Frank and Joe are on the 7 Megan practises the piano every / either day
basketball team. after school.
2 Have you done all / whole your homework? 8 None / Either of the students knew how to
3 Neither / Both Brenda nor Beth can drive a car. answer the last question in the test.
4 Brian has been studying for his Chemistry 9 Tom was hungry, so he ate the whole / all pizza.
exam all / whole week . 10 Ben and Akira spend all / whole of their free
5 We listened carefully to every / each word the time playing video games.
teacher said. 11 Alisha's mother bought her two blouses but
6 Mark and his friends went to the bowling alley she doesn 't like either / neither of them .
yesterday. They both / all had a great time! 12 He had a bottle in every / each hand.

Note: One - Ones are used to avoid repetition of a countable noun or a pronoun. Which
scarf do you want? This one. (this scarf) Which shoes did you buy? The black ones. (the black shoes)

19 Fill in: one or ones.

Mary: Which shoes do you prefer, Ted?

Ted : I like the black leather 1) .... .Qt:/ef3••• •• . What do you think?
Mary: They're nice but I think the brown 2) .............. are better.
Ted : Would they go with my new shirt?
Mary: Your blue 3) .............. ?
Ted: No, the red 4) .............. I bought yesterday.
Mary: Well , if you wear dark trousers , yes .
Ted : Maybe I should get the black 5) .............. , they would go with any colour.
Mary: Well , you 're the 6) .............. buying them , it's up to you!
Ted : I'm sorry, I just can 't decide which 7) ....•......... would be best.

20 Use both / neither / none / aI/ (of them) and write sentences as in the example:

Tracy and Sarah haven't seen the film. 5 Jim, Peter and John can 't speak German.
Neitber. of.tbero ba.v.e I . the film.
2 Lions, tigers and elephants are mammals. 6 Juan , Paula and Kristi failed the exam.

3 Julie, Pam and Nick don't like rainy weather. 7 Phil and Georgina are very friendly.

4 Maria and Marina are good students. 8 Jean and Deborah have fair hair and blue eyes.

21 Rewrite the sentences using both ... and, neither ... nor or either ... or.

Walter needs a haircut. So does Larry . 4 Dave is walking the dog or maybe Mike is.
. . 8.atb. Walter. ;:wd. Lar.f0( nef;d. a. haircut...
2 Frank has got blue eyes. Sandra has got blue 5 Jeff doesn't like spicy foods. Artemis doesn't
eyes, too. like spicy food , either.

3 Jeff is very athletic and so is Richard . 6 David is cooking dinner or else Alice is.

168