1.

Gemaese (gems of the east) – name of the mortal place, Capital: Maniolas
Ma-yi means: land of gold

2. Caraballo- name of one of the mountain ranges in PH same with Sierra Madre

3. Good the creator/Supreme God

Bathala

The first one is the most powerful Bathala, or Bathalang Maykapal. Bathala reigns supreme in the
heavens, he is the leader of the gods in the Tagalog myths.

But there are counterparts in the other dialects, and you might know him as Captan/Kaptan from the
Visayan creation myth.

The two brothers of Bathala, Ulilang Kaluluwa (a snake living in the clouds) and Galang Kaluluwa (the
winged wanderer).

None of the three knew each other, and when Ulilang met with Bathala, a violent duel happened.
Bathala won, and Ulilang was killed, giving Bathala control of the heavens.

Galang became the sky ruler and Bathala’s best friend. But after the sky wanderer’s illness, Galang died
and Bathala ruled supreme.

The 3 Demigods

Bathala fell in love with a mortal woman. But unfortunately, she died after giving birth to her three
beautiful daughters.

Bathala didn’t want anything bad to happen to his girls so he brought all three of them to the sky to live
with him.

Mayari – Goddess of the Moon

Tala – Goddess of the Stars

Hanan – Goddess of the Morning

Aman Sinaya – Goddess of the Sea (Tagalog region)

Tagalog goddess of the sea and protector of fishermen.

 

Bathala and Aman Sinaya have been fierce rivals for a long time, and every day, they would try to
outshine each other. Bathala used his lightning bolts and thunder, and Aman Sinaya used her waves and
typhoons.

One day, Aman Sinaya decided to send her tempests into the Sky to cause a commotion. In order to stop
her, Bathala threw giant boulders that came from the atop of the mountains. It then created thousands
of islands into the surface of the Sea, which became the Philippine archipelago.

Idianale – Goddess of Labor and Good Deeds

Known to be one of the assistants of Bathala. Idianale married Dumangan, the god of good harvest, and
later gave birth to Dumakulem and Anitun Tabu.

Dumangan – God of Good Harvest

Dumangan was the Tagalog sky-god of good harvest, the husband of Idianale, and father to Dumakulem
and Anitun Tabu.

In Zambales culture, Dumangan (or Dumagan) is the reason for the rice to “yield better grains.” 

Anitun Tabu – Goddess of the Wind and Rain

In Zambales, this goddess was known as Aniton Tauo, one of the lesser deities assisting their chief god,
Malayari.

According to legend, Aniton Tauo was once considered superior to other Zambales deities. But when she
became so full of herself, Malayari reduced her rank as a punishment.

The Zambales people used to offer her the best kind of pinipig or pounded young rice grains during
harvest season. Sacrifices that made use of these ingredients are known as mamiarag in their local
dialect.

Mapulon – God of Seasons (Tagalog region)

One of the lesser divinities assisting Bathala. He was the husband of Ikapati/Lakapati, the
fertility goddess, and the father of  Anagolay, the goddess of lost things. Known as deity of good
health because he uses season to grow medicinal plants to cure sickness.

Lakapati – Hermaphrodite Goddess of Fertility and Agriculture

One of the most intriguing deities of Philippine mythology, Ikapati (or Lakapati) was the Tagalog
goddess of fertility.
 
Why intriguing? Well, some sources describe Lakapati as an androgynous, hermaphrodite, and
even a “transgender” god.
 
Before planting in a new field, the ancient Tagalogs usually offered sacrifices to Lakapati. In a
17th century report by Franciscan missionary  Father Pedro de San Buenaventura, it was said
that a farmer paying homage to this fertility goddess would hold up a child before saying
“Lakapati pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin” (Lakapati, feed this thy slave; let
him not hunger).

Dumakulem – Guardian of the Mountains

Dumakulem was the son of Idianale and Dumangan, and the brother of the wind goddess
Anitun Tabu. He is described as a strong and skillful hunter.
 
This Tagalog sky-god later tied the knot with another major deity, Anagolay, known as the
goddess of lost things. The marriage produced two children: Apolaki, the sun god, and Dian
Masalanta, the goddess of lovers.

 Dian Masalanta – Goddess of Lovers, Childbirth, and Peace

the goddess of love, childbirth, peace, and the protector of lovers among the ancient Tagalogs.
Legend says that if you offer sacrifices to Dian Masalanta, she will ensure successful
pregnancies. It was said that she fell in love in a mortal man, because of this she is punished to
be vanished in mortal world, this punishment makes her happy because she is with the person
she loves.

Apolaki – God of the Sun, Patron of Warriors

In other version, he is also a child of Bathala, with Mayari, the lights from their eyes serves as
guide and light of the world. When Bathala was died they fight who among them will manage the
throne until Mayari’s one eye become blind make apolaki regrets.

Apolaki appeared in several ancient myths. He shares almost the same qualities with the
Kapampangan sun god of war and death, Aring Sinukuan.
 
 Early people of Pangasinan claimed that Apolaki talked to them. Back when blackened teeth
were considered the standard of beauty, some of these natives told a friar that a disappointed
Apolaki had scolded them for welcoming “foreigners with white teeth.”

Libulan – God of the Moon, Patron God of Homosexuality

Libulan in myths of Visayas is portrayed as a man, but some believe that the moon is a female
aspect of the sun so she is a woman in other myths like the Tagalog folktales.
 
However, according to one explanation, Libulan is a hermaphrodite or just a crossdresser.
During the olden days of ancient Visayans, male babaylans garbed in female fashion were
regarded in high esteem by the barangays.
 
Libulan’s patronage is observed by crossdressing babaylan men of the community, although
they do feminine things like cook, sew, clean the house and carry palay and clean them.

The 3 Anito (Tagalog and Pampanga Regions)

 Lakambini – God of Purity
A male Diwata known for his incomparable beauty. He was originally known as the god of
“kapurihan”(purity) and is also the god of food, festivity, and anti-gluttony. 
Worshiped mainly by men: they pray to Lakambini to let them find a beautiful maiden to wed.
 
 Lakan Bakod – Lord of Fences
Lakan Bakod was the “lord of Fences,” a protector of crops powerful enough to keep animals
out of farmlands. He was invoked and offered eels when fencing a plot of land.
 
 Lakan Danum – Ruler of the Waters
Among the ancient Kapampangans, Lakan Danum was known as the water god depicted as a
serpent-like mermaid (naga).
Before the Spaniards arrived, locals would often throw livestock to the river as a peace offering
for Lakandanum. Failure to do so resulted in long periods of drought.

Sitan – God of the Lower World

Sitan, is the god of the lower world, a leader of the evil of the ancient hell. He encourages the
mortal to commit sin, with the help of his four disciples: Manggagaway, Manisilat, Mangkukulam,
and Hukluban.

Aring Sinukuan – Sun God of War and Death (Kapampangan Region)

Aring Sinukuan lives in Mount Arayat. According to stories, he was the one who taught the ancient
Kapampangan metallurgy, wood cutting/gathering, and rice cultivation.

He had three children, namely, Munag Sumalâ, the golden serpent god who represents dawn,
Lakandanup, the god of gluttony who represented the sun at noontime, and Gatpanapun, the noble god
who only knew pleasure and represented the afternoon.

  Apung Malyari – Goddess of the Moon, Ruler of the Eight Rivers

Apung Malyari is a mortal enemy of Aring Sinukuan. In Kapampangan mythology, Apûng Malyari is
depicted as the moon goddess who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers. She was
considered as one of the two most powerful deities.

These gods and goddesses are just a few of the many deities in Philippine mythology. And of course, the
stories that you’ve read here are just an introduction of who they really are.

4. World and its domain:

Tagalog: the upperworld is called Kaluwalhatian, and is the home of specific deities who
belong to the court of Bathala, the Tagalog supreme deity. The middleworld are the domains
of mankind, other deities and various mythological races, while in the underworld, there are
two realms, namely, Maca (realm where the spirits of good mortals go to) and Kasanaan
(realm where the spirits of sinful mortals go to). Deities also dwell in the underworld, notably
Sitan and his four agents. There is also Batala, a reappearing mountain realm located in the
middleworld and is filled with the sacred ‘’tigmamanukan’’ omen creatures.

Tagbanwa – the earthworld and the underworld are complete opposites as night in the
earthworld is day in the underworld, and vice versa; rivers flow backward in the underworld,
from sea to mountains, and rice is always eaten cold.

Batak – the ancestral land of the Batak is called Kabataka:

 seven layers (lukap) consisting of a center tier (fourth layer) surrounded by ocean
and inhabited by humans, animals, plants, super-human beings, and aggressive
entities; Puyok, the highest sacred mountain in Kabatakan,

Sulodnon – the universe has three realms; the upperworld is Ibabawnon, which is divided
into two realms, one for the male deities and the other for female deities; the middleworld is
Pagtung-an, where the earth is located; the lowerworld is Idadalmunon, where the souls of
the dead go to; initially, there was no land, only a sky and an expanse of water called Linaw;
earth was established upon the excretion of an earthworm found by Bayi, a creation
giantess.
Bisaya – the universe has seven layers; the first is uninhabited and nothing can be found in its
vastness; the second is called Tibugnon and is made of water filled with mermaids and sea fairies
who govern their separate kingdoms; the third layer is called Idalmunon which is the bowels of the
earth and is inhabited by underground spirits; the fourth layer is called Lupan-on which is the earth
where mankind and various supernatural beings live in; the fifth layer is called Kahanginan which is
the atmosphere directly above earth and is the home of flying beings suchs as the bentohangin race
and the hubot race; the sixth layer is called Ibabaw-non which is inhabited by special babaylans who
intercede for man with spirits; the last layer and the highest is called Langit-non, which is the abode
of Maka-ako, the creator of the Bisaya universe; these seven layers can be classified into three
categories, namely Kahilwayan, the skyworld realms ruled by Kaptan and inhabited by deities who
assist him, Kamaritaan, the middleworld home of humans which is ruled by Sidapa and Makaptan
and inhabited by the gods of their middleworld court, and lastly, Kasakitan, the lowerworld realms
ruled by Magyan and Sumpoy; Kasakitan is said to have a unique sub-realm called Kanitu-nituhan
which is ruled by the god Sisiburanen

Bagobo – deities live in the skyworld, where various realms are present, each being ruled by a
divinity lesser than the supreme deity Pamulak Manobo; the entrance to the skyworld has numerous
kampilan swords who fight without any wielder; the underworld for the sinful dead is called
Gimokudan, where spirits with heavy misdeeds are engulfed by flames, while those with little
misdeeds are not, although their bodies are covered with sores as they lay in an acid that burns like
lemon juice; a special underworld sub-realm called Banua Mebuyan, near a black river, is reserved
for children who died at their mother's breast and these souls are nourished by the many-breasted
goddess Mebuyan; children's souls who graduate from Banua Mebuyan go to another district to join
souls that died of disease; all souls pass through Banua Mebuyan before going to Gimokudan;
another special underworld district is dedicated to those slayed by swords or spears, where scars
will continue to be with the soul and plants in the district are colored like blood

 Maranao – the world has seven layers; the earth and sky are also divided into seven layers;
some of the layers of the earth are the human, layer of karibangs, and the layer under the sea
inhabited by nymph-like beings; each sky layer has a door guarded by a garoda; the seventh
layer of the sky is heaven, where the tree of life grows and whose leaves inscribes the names of
all living humans; once the leaf of a person ripens or dries and falls, the person dies; in a section
of heaven, the jars containing the souls of every person alive exists; this jar area is guarded by
the fearsome creature Walo

Liddum: the only deity who inhabits the realm called Kabunian; communicates directly with humans
on earth;[29] chief mediator between the people and other gods

 Matono: a brave woman who adventured into the underworld and saw the causes of poor
crops and earthquakes; she afterwards reported her studies to the people of the earth; during
the kosdëy, the people pray to her to not permit the rice, camotes, and other things to grow
down, but to cause them to grow up[40]
 Kabigat (of where the water rises): journeyed into the underworld to retrieve trees which
became the forests of the middle world
Gunay, at the edge of the universe, is perceived as the place of origin of the couple divinities,
Baybay (goddess and master of rice) and Ungaw (god and master of bees). [

the lowerworld is Idadalmunon, where the souls of the dead go to

Kasakitan, the lowerworld realms ruled by Magyan and Sumpoy; Kasakitan is said to have a unique
sub-realm called Kanitu-nituhan which is ruled by the god Sisiburanen

the underworld is guarded by the giant dog, Lobo

Daya became the upperworld which includes four layers, namely, Hudog, Luktag, Hubulan, and
Kabunian, where Kabunian is the lowest of the upperworld, and is home to the god Liddum,

Ifugao – initially, it is believed that there are two mythical worlds, namely Daya and Lagud. Daya is
the downstream east, while Lagud is the upstream west. This notion later developed into a layered
concept of the universe, where Daya became the upperworld which includes four layers, namely,
Hudog, Luktag, Hubulan, and Kabunian, where Kabunian is the lowest of the upperworld, and is
home to the god Liddum, the only deity who directly communicated with mankind for the deities of
the upper layers of the upperworld. Each realm's upper surface layer is believed to be earthen and
filled with fields and gardens, while the lower surface is made of smooth blue stone. The middleworld
is the mortal world, directly below the Kabunian layer, and has the broadest circumference in the
global universe, as both the upperworld and the lowerworld grow successively smaller as they
approach the end of the celestial globe. The lowerworld is called Dalom, which is made of an
indeterminate number of layers. The souls of those who were murdered are believed to go to its
lowest level. Finally, the realm of Lagud was transformed by the layered universe concept into a far
eastern sub-realm region

lowerworld is call Aduongan and is inhabited by cannibals

 Gimokudan, where spirits with heavy misdeeds are engulfed by flames, while those with little
misdeeds are not, although their bodies are covered with sores as they lay in an acid that burns like
lemon juice; a special underworld sub-realm called Banua Mebuyan, near a black river, is reserved
for children who died at their mother's breast and these souls are nourished by the many-breasted
goddess Mebuyan; children's souls who graduate from Banua Mebuyan go to another district to join
souls that died of disease; all souls pass through Banua Mebuyan before going to Gimokudan;
another special underworld district is dedicated to those slayed by swords or spears, where scars
will continue to be with the soul and plants in the district are colored like blood [70

afterworlds depending on the circumstances of death; the soul of those killed via swords in
battle and murder go to Kayong, where the soul is greeted with continual music; if a soul dies a
natural death, it goes to Mogul, which has everything a soul desires

Sanskrit word, devata, meaning "deity", while anito's etymology may have been derived from the
proto-Malayo-Polynesian word qanitu and the proto-Austronesian qanicu, both meaning "ancestral
spirits". Both diwata and anito, which are gender-neutral terms, can be translated into deities,
ancestral spirits, and/or guardians, depending on the associated ethnic group.
 Sinogo – one of the three winged giant messengers (the other two being Dalagan and
Guidala) of the Bisaya supreme god, Kaptan, and the favorite of the god due to his handsome
face; stole Kaptan's magic shell and was later imprisoned in modern-day Tañon Strait; due to
Kaptan's love for him, Sinogo retained a crocodile avatar, a sacred form in old Bisaya beliefs [128]
 Tarabusaw – a huge centaur-like monster who terrorized and force-ruled the people of
mainland Mindanao in Maguindanaoan beliefs; slayed by the epic hero Skander [122]
 Olimaw – a gigantic winged phantom dragon-serpent from Ilokano mythology; seeks to
swallow the moon[129]
 Omaka-an and Maka-ogis – two dragons who terrorized the people and were slayed by the
epic hero Indara Patra (Indarapatra); Omaka-an established lairs in Gurayen mountain range,
Makaturing range, and Mount Matutum, where Omaka-an was finally slayed; Maka-ogis was
slayed at Gurayen; there story has been heavily Islamized, although many names mentioned
retained indigenous qualities[123]
 Sawa – a huge serpent monster from Tagalog and Ati mythologies; attempts to swallow the
moon[

Maniolas Untold

 Upperworld/ skyworld
the entrance to the skyworld has numerous kampilan swords who fight without any
wielder

Lapawan (Palawan); Scared Place where Diwani is born

Balabac- most sacred part of Lapawan, where gods for Thousands of years

MiddleWorld: Ma-yi

3 Great Lands:
1. Lucon –Luzon : manila
2. Addioman-Mindanao : Davao – Avoda
3. Yvias: Ubec
Other sub places
Saram

Greson

Yanap

Mioro

Ytela

Boloh

Basmate

4. Batala, a reappearing mountain realm located in the middleworld and is filled with the
sacred ‘’tigmamanukan’’ omen creatures.

 Lower realm:
 2 Subrealms:

Maca (realm where the spirits of good mortals go to)

Kasanaan (realm where the spirits of sinful mortals go to)

Gemeste- Mortal realm

5. Others:
zambAL

References:

https://remit.com.au/philippine-mythology-the-gods-and-goddesses/