Tutorial 1 Conduction - Compress
Tutorial 1 Conduction - Compress
Tutorial 1 Conduction - Compress
2. The heat generated in the circuitry on the surface of a silicon chip (k = 130 W/m ·
°C) is conducted to the ceramic substrate to which it is attached. The chip is 6 mm
x 6 mm in size and 0.5 mm thick and dissipates 3Wof power. Disregarding any
heat transfer through the 0.5-mm-high side surfaces, determine the temperature
difference between the front and back surfaces of the chip in steady operation.
3. An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m · °C has a flat bottom
with diameter 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling
water in the pan through its bottom at a rate of 800 W. If the inner surface of the
bottom of the pan is at 105°C, determine the temperature of the outer surface of
the bottom of the pan
4. A gas at 450 K is flowing inside a 2-in. steel pipe, schedule 40. The pipe is
insulted with 51 mm of lagging having a mean k = 0.0623 W/m. K. The
convective heat-transfer coefficient of the gas inside the pipe is 30.7
W/m2. K and the convective coefficient on the outside of the lagging is
10.8. The air is at a temperature of 300 K.
a. Calculate the heat loss per unit length of 1 m of pipe using
resistances.
b. Repeat using the overall Uo based on the outside area Ao.
6. A section of a composite wall with the dimensions shown in fig. (1) [to be
distributed in the class] has uniform temperatures of 200 ºC and 50 ºC
over the left and the right surfaces, respectively. If the thermal
conductivities of the wall materials are: kA =70 W/m K, kB = 60W/m K, kC
= 40W/m K, and kD = 20W/m K, determine the rate of heat transfer
through this section of the wall and the temperatures at the interfaces.
Fig. (1)
7. A home owner wants to replace an electric hot-water heater. There are two
models in the store. The inexpensive model cost SR280 and has no insulation
between the inner and the outer wall. Due to natural convection the space between
the inner and the outer wall have an effective conductivity three times that of air.
The more expensive model cost SR310 and has fiberglass insulation in the gap
between the walls. Both models are 3.0 m tall and have a cylindrical shape with
an inner wall diameter of 0.6 m and a 5 cm gap. The surrounding air is at 25 ºC,
and the convection heat transfer coefficient on the outside is 15 W/m2 K. The hot
water inside the tank results in an inside wall temperature of 60 ºC. If energy costs
6 Hallalah per kilowatt-hour, estimate how long it will take to pay back the extra
investment in the more expensive hot water heater. State your assumptions.
10. A hot gas pipe, 0.3 m outside diameter, is covered with a layer of insulation (A),
0.025 m thick, and a layer of insulation (B), 0.04 m thick. The surface
temperature of the pipe it self was found to be 400 ºC when the outer surface of
layer (B) was 40 ºC. After an additional layer of insulation of thickness of 0.02 m
and thermal conductivity 0.2 W/m K, was added to the outer surface of layer (B)
the pipe temperature was found to be 500 ºC, the outer surface of layer (B) 180
ºC, and the outer surface of the new insulation 30 ºC. What is the rate of heat loss
per meter length of pipe before and after the addition of the new insulation?
Solved Problems
The Cost of Heat Loss through a Roof
The roof of an electrically heated home is 6 m long, 8 m wide, and 0.25 m thick, and is
made of a flat layer of concrete whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.8 W/m · °C. The
temperatures of the inner and the outer surfaces of the roof one night are measured to be
15°C and 4°C, respectively, for a period of 10 hours. Determine:
(a) The rate of heat loss through the roof that night.
(b) The cost of that heat loss to the home owner if the cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh.
SOLUTION The inner and outer surfaces of the flat concrete roof of an electrically
heated home are maintained at specified temperatures during a night. The heat loss
through the roof and its cost that night are to be determined.
Assumptions
1 Steady operating conditions exist during the entire night since the surface temperatures
of the roof remain constant at the specified values.
2 Constant properties can be used for the roof.
Properties The thermal conductivity of the roof is given to be k = 0.8 W/m · °C.
Analysis
(a) Noting that heat transfer through the roof is by conduction and the area of the roof is
A = 6 m x 8 m = 48 m2,
The steady rate of heat transfer through the roof is determined to be
Q = kA (T1 - T2)
L
= (0.8 W/m · °C) (48 m2) (15 - 4) °C = 1690 W = 1.69 kW
0.25 m
(b) The amount of heat lost through the roof during a 10-hour period and its cost are
determined from
q =Q.Δt= (1.69 kW) (10 h) = 16.9 kWh
Cost = (Amount of energy) (Unit cost of energy)
= (16.9 kWh) ($0.08/kWh) = $1.35
Discussion The cost to the home owner of the heat loss through the roof that night was
$1.35. The total heating bill of the house will be much larger since the heat losses through
the walls are not considered in these calculations.