Scribd
Upload
938 views48 pages

Actuators

The document discusses various types of actuators used in vehicles, including their classification and operation. It focuses on common fuel system components like the fuel pump, pressure regulator, pulsation damper, injectors, and their electrical circuitry. Different fuel injection methods like simultaneous, group, and sequential injection are described. The document also covers idle speed control systems and their duty control, rotary solenoid, and stepper motor types.

Uploaded by

nahom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
938 views48 pages

Actuators

The document discusses various types of actuators used in vehicles, including their classification and operation. It focuses on common fuel system components like the fuel pump, pressure regulator, pulsation damper, injectors, and their electrical circuitry. Different fuel injection methods like simultaneous, group, and sequential injection are described. The document also covers idle speed control systems and their duty control, rotary solenoid, and stepper motor types.

Uploaded by

nahom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 48

 Devices that allow the computer to do

work and alter the operation of other


components
Actuator
Classifications
 Actuators can be grouped into the
following categories:
 solenoid
 relay
 servo motor
 display device
 control module
Actuator Operation
 When the computer turns on an
actuator, it normally provides the
device with a ground circuit

 Current can then operate the actuator


Solenoid Operation
 Computer grounds the solenoid circuit
 A magnetic field moves the plunger
mounted in the solenoid windings
 Plunger movement is used to operate a
device
 fuel injectors, vacuum valves, idle speed
control valve, door locks, etc.
Actuators
Common actuators used on modern
vehicles include:
 Fuel injector
 solenoid valve that controls fuel flow
 Fuel pump
 electric motor-driven pump
Actuators
 Idle air solenoid
 controls airflow into the engine to control
idle speed

 EGR solenoids
 open and close small ports to control
exhaust gas flow back into the engine
Actuators
 Ignition coil
 changes low voltage into high voltage
that operates the spark plugs

 Ignition module
 uses computer signals to control the
operation of the ignition coils
Fuel system
Fuel system components
 Fuel pump
 In-tank type
 In-line type
 Fuel filter
 Pressure regulator
 Pulsation damper
 Injectors
Fuel pump
Fuel pump
Fuel pump control
 On-off control by engine ECU
Pump control..
 On-off control by fuel pump switch operated
by vane type air flow meter

 On-off control with speed control


Pressure regulator
 Regulates the fuel pressure to the
injectors according to intake manifold
pressure
Pulsation damper
 Absorbs slight variation in pressure due
to injection by means of a diaphragm
Pulsation damper
Fuel injector
Is an electromagnetically-operated
nozzle which injects fuel in accordance
with signals from ECU
Injector..
 Depending on their resistance value
Injectors are divided in to two;

 High resistance type

 Low resistance type


Electrical circuitry of injectors
High resistance type
Electrical circuitry....
Low resistance type
Cold start injector
 Injects additional fuel during cranking
when the coolant temperature is low

 It is controlled by cold start time switch


or ECU
Electrical circuitry of cold start
injector and its time switch
Electrical circuitry.....
Types of fuel injection
methods
 Simultaneous fuel injection

 Group injection

 Sequential fuel injection (SEFI)

 Cylinder individual fuel injection (CIFI)


Injection method..
Simultaneous

1. All injectors inject at the same time


2. half of the required fuel is injected in each crankshaft
rotation
Injection method..

Group injection

1. It can be groups of 2,3,4..


2. Each group injects the required amount of fuel once every
two complete rotation of crankshaft
Injection method..
Sequential

Fuel is injected in the same order as the firing sequence


Fuel injection duration and
injection timing control
 ECU calculates the basic fuel injection
duration in accordance with two
signals:
1. Amount of air taken to the cylinder
2. Engine speed
D
U
R
I
N
G

S
T
A
R
T
I
N
G
Injector pulse width

Self induced
Pick voltage

On time (pulse width)


Idle speed control (ISC)

 The ISC system controls the idle speed by


adjusting the volume of air allowed to by-
pass the closed throttle valve in accordance
with signals from the ECU.
 There are four types of ISC valve:
1. Duty control air control valve
2. Rotary solenoid type
3. Stepper motor type
4. On-off control Vacuum switching valve (reading
assignment)
Duty control type
 It regulates the volume of air by-passing the
closed throttle valve by opening and closing
an air by-pass
 Valve opening time is a function of a duty
cycle signal received from the ECU
 Is incapable of flowing large volumes of air;
therefore, a separate mechanical air valve is
used
Duty .......
Duty control..
Duty ratio  Ontime
ontime  offtime
Rotary solenoid type
 Air volume control is done by means of
a movable rotary valve which blocks or
exposes the air bypass port based on
signals received from the ECU.

 Is capable of large air volume, so no


need of using mechanical air valve.
Rotary type..
Stepper motor type
 regulates engine speed by means of a
stepper motor and pintle valve which
controls the volume of air by-passing
the closed throttle valve
 is capable of controlling large volumes
of air, so it is not used in combination
with a mechanical air valve.
Stepper motor...
Stepper motor...
Neutral start switch

You might also like