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Lab Report skt1013

This laboratory report describes an experiment involving the complex ion of nickel(II) chloride. Nickel(II) chloride solutions were reacted with various ligands - ammonia, ethylenediamine, cyanide, and EDTA. The color of the nickel(II) chloride solution changed with each ligand substitution, turning pale purple with ammonia, light purple with ethylenediamine, light blue with EDTA, and light yellow with cyanide. These color changes occurred due to the ligands replacing water molecules in the nickel complex and forming new coordination complexes with different geometries and electronic structures.

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504 views6 pages

Lab Report skt1013

This laboratory report describes an experiment involving the complex ion of nickel(II) chloride. Nickel(II) chloride solutions were reacted with various ligands - ammonia, ethylenediamine, cyanide, and EDTA. The color of the nickel(II) chloride solution changed with each ligand substitution, turning pale purple with ammonia, light purple with ethylenediamine, light blue with EDTA, and light yellow with cyanide. These color changes occurred due to the ligands replacing water molecules in the nickel complex and forming new coordination complexes with different geometries and electronic structures.

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Nur Wanyz Syazwanie
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS


UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

LABORATORY REPORT

SKT 1013 INTRODUCTION TO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY


SEMESTER 02 SESSION 2019/2020

ID NUMBER 1. E20181019624
2. E20181019660
NAME 1. NUR AIMAN SYAZWANI BINTI ZULKEFLE
2. NUR AYUNI ADIBAH BINTI MOHD ASRI
GROUP I
LECTURER DR. NOORSHIDA BINTI MOHD ALI
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
TITLE COMPLEX ION OF NICKEL(II) CHLORIDE
DATE 19TH NOVEMBER 2019

CHECK LIST (Please tick) Marks


Spelling, punctuation and grammar 10
Format and style 10
Introduction 10
Materials 10
Methodology and jotter 10
Results 10
Discussions 10
Conclusions 10
References (minimum 2) 10
Conceptual understanding 10
TOTAL MARKS 100
EXPERIMENT 1: COMPLEX ION OF NICKEL(II) CHLORIDE

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this experiment, we are able to describe the colour change in a complex ion
due to ligand substitution.

INTRODUCTION

This experiment describes some common ligand substitution reactions involving nickel(II)
chloride (NiCl2) as complex metal ion with different ligands such as NH 3. en, CN- and EDTA.
NiCl2 is example of complex ion from transition metal that are usually coloured. Different
ligands can effect the colour of NiCl2 through the ligand substitution. The experiment is
conducted by mixing the NiCl2 with other ligands solution and the result is observed and
recorded. At the end of the experiment, we are able to compare the result and describe the colour
change in the NiCl2 due to ligand substitutions.

MATERIALS

Chemicals : Nickel(II) chloride hydrate, NiCl2.6H2O (0.1M), concentrated ammonia solution,


NH3, ethylenediamine (en), C2H4(NH2)2, potassium cyanide, KCN (1.0M) and
ethyldiaminetetraacetate (EDTA), C10H16N2O8
Apparatus : Test tube, graduated cylinder, dropper and test tube rack

METHODOLOGY (refer to jotter)

RESULTS (refer to 1.5 worksheet)

Test Tube Observations


1. 0.1 M NiCl2.6H2O (controlled)

2. 0.1 M NiCl2.6H2O + concentrated


NH3

3. 0.1 M NiCl2.6H2O + C2H4(NH2)2

4. NiCl2.6H2O + C10H16N2O8

5. NiCl2.6H2O + KCN
DISCUSSION

The reaction of nickel(II) chloride with concentrated ammonia

[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + 6NH3(aq) →   [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2(aq) + 6H2O(l)


Above is the balance equation of this reaction.

The hexaaquanickel(II) ion is the acceptor atoms(Lewis acid) because it accepts pairs of
electrons from the ammonia. Since nickel(II) chloride contains transition metals its solution
present in pale green and after mixing with the ammonia(Lewis base), the pale green solution
turns to pale purple as the product of this reaction is hexaamminenickel(II) chloride. The
compound is bonded by coordinate covalent bond between nickel(II) chloride atom with
ammonia atom. The two nickel(II) complexes are octahedral in shape with a coordination
number of 6. The overall charge on the nickel(II) chloride complex remains 2+ because both
ligands are electrically neutral. This is a nickel complex ligand exchange reaction where six
ammonia molecules replace six water molecules.

The reaction of nickel(II) chloride with ethylenediamine(en)

[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + 3en(aq) →    [Ni(en)3]Cl2(aq) + 6H2O(l)


Above is the balance equation of this reaction.

The hexaaquanickel(II) ion forms complexes with en,the bidentate ligand 1,2–diaminoethane


(H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2). Each of the lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atoms can form a
coordinate bond. The hexaaquanickel(II) ion is the acceptor atoms(Lewis acid) because it accepts
pairs of electrons from the en. Since nickel(II) chloride contains transition metals its solution
present in pale green and after mixing with the en (Lewis base), the pale green solution turns to
light purple. This is an example of a chelation substitution reaction where a bidentate or
multidentate ligand displaces a numerically greater monodentate (unidentate) ligands.The
resulting nickel complex is described as an example of a chelate. The formula of the complex
formed is [Ni(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3]2+.
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride with ethyldiaminetetraacetate(EDTA)
[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + EDTA4–(aq) →    [Ni(EDTA)]Cl2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
Above is the balance equation of this reaction.

The hexaaquanickel(II) ion forms complexes with EDTA. The hexaaquanickel(II) ion is the
acceptor atoms(Lewis acid) because it accepts pairs of electrons from the en. Since nickel(II)
chloride contains transition metals its solution present in pale green and after mixing with the
EDTA(Lewis base), the pale green solution turns to light blue. EDTA is an even more powerful
chelating agent.

The reaction of nickel(II) chloride with potassium cyanide

[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + 4CN–(aq)  →     [NiCN4]Cl2(aq) + 6H2O(l)


Above is the balance equation of this reaction.

Ni2+ forms the tetracyanonickelate(II) ion, [Ni(CN)4]2–, a square planar anionic complex with the


cyanide ion (CN–). The Ni2+  ion also forms complexes with EDTA. The Ni2+ ion is the acceptor
atoms(Lewis acid) because it accepts pairs of electrons from the CN -. Since nickel(II) chloride
contains transition metals its solution present in pale green and after mixing with the
EDTA(Lewis base), the pale green solution turns to light yellow. The nickel(II) complex ion
shape changes from octahedral to square planar, the co-ordination number changes from 6 to 4,
but the oxidation state of nickel remains at +2. The overall electrical charge on the chloro
complex is 2-.

CONCLUSIONS

The pale green nickel(II) chloride turns to pale purple due to ligands substitution(concentrated
ammonia), turns to light purple due to ligands substitutions(en), turns to light blue due to ligands
substitution(EDTA) and turns to light yellow due to ligands substitution(KCN).

REFERENCES
1. Gispert, J. R. (2008). Coordination Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Weller, M. T., Overton, T., Rourke, J., & Armstrong, F. (2018). Inorganic chemistry.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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