Forces Unit Test au. An athlete bends his knees and then springs up into a vertical jump. The graph below shows how the reaction force from the ground on the athlete varies with time. The diagram below the graph shows the position of the athlete at the corresponding times as he completes his jump. 2500 z 2000 1500 1000 Reaction 500 ° 00 os 10 1s 20 25 Time /s (a) Show that the mass of the athlete is about 80 kg.(2) (b) The small dot on each diagram of the athlete represents his centre of gravity. (i) State what is meant by centre of gravity.(41) (ii) Between 0.25 s and 0.75 s the athlete bends his knees. As a result ofthis, his centre of gravity moves lower. Explain how the graph shows that an acceleration is produced as the athlete bends his knees.(2) *(c) In order to jump, the athlete pushes down on the ground between 0.75 s and 1.05 s. With reference to Newton's laws, explain why the athlete must push down on the ground.(3)(d) The maximum reaction force was reached at t= 0.9 s. Calculate the acceleration of the athlete at this point.(3) (e) The athlete was in the air for 0.50 s. (i) Calculate the height jumped by the athlete.(2) (ii) Calculate the speed of the athlete on leaving the ground.(2) (Total for question = 15 marks) Q2.A man pulls a box towards him at a constant speed by pulling on a handle as shown. ‘The free-body force diagrams for the box and the man are shown. normal contact force of normal contact force of ground on box ‘ground on man pull of man oon box friction friction pull of box: weight weight free-body force diagram free-body force diagram for the box for the man (2) (i) Identify the pair of forces that have the same magnitude due to Newton's third law.(1) (ii) State one difference and one similarity, other than their magnitude, between these two forces.(2) Difference Similarity (b) The angle between the pull of the man on the box and the horizontal is 35°. The mass of the box is 85.0 kg, ()) Show that the pull of the man on the box is about 400 N.normal contact force of the ground on the box = 620 N(4) (i) The box moves at a constant speed towards the man, Calculate the frictional force between the box and the ground.(3) (ii) The man increases his pull on the box. The man and the box start to move together in the same direction with an acceleration of 0.200 m s*, Calculate the frictional force between the ground and the man.mass of man = 90.0 kg(4) (Total for question = 14 marks) as. Opposite poles of a magnet attract one another. Using this principle, a student tried to design a toy car that could be self-propelled using a magnetic force. His design is shown below. s | ® s |x magnet A ‘magnet B Magnet A is attached to the body of the toy car and magnet B is suspended from the driver's hand by a rigid rod. Magnet A is identical to magnet B. The student stated that as long as the opposite poles of the magnets are facing one another, the attractive force created should cause the toy car to start moving forward. Explain why in practice this could never work. (3) (Total for question = 3 marks)Qa, ‘A skydiver jumped out of a plane and fell for 50 s before opening his parachute. The graph shows how the skydiver's velocity varied with time over the first 50 s of his jump. 60 50 + 30 60 70 80 *(a) Explain the shape of the graph.(4) (b) Sketch, on the graph above, the motion of the skydiver after he opens his parachute.(2) (©) (i) Explain the effect of the mass of the skydiver on the terminal velocity reached before he opened his parachute.(2) (ii) Explain how the skydiver could decrease this terminal velocity as he falls.(2) (d) The skydiver's jump was being filmed by another skydiver. Both skydivers jumped out of the plane at the same time. During the period of filming only the skydiver who was being recorded opened his parachute. When viewing the recording after the jump, it appeared as though the skydiver being filmed moved upwards as he opened his parachute. Explain this apparent movement (2) (Total for question = 12 marks)Qs. A ball was placed on top of a compressed spring. When the spring was released the ball was, accelerated vertically upwards. i IT this were to be repeated on the Moon, the acceleration of the ball would be (A less as the weight of the ball is greater. (Bless as the weight of the balls less. 1 C greater as the weight of the ball is greater. (3D greater as the weight of the ball is less. a6. ‘A.small stone of mass m is dropped into a pond and accelerates downwards with an acceleration a. The free-body force diagram for the stone is shown. Upthrust U Drag D mg Which of the following equations is correct for the stone? a OA U+D-mg= © B U+D-mg=ma GC mg-u-D=0 © D mg-U-D=ma a7 ‘box of mass m is pulled along the floor by a horizontal rope. The tension in the rope is T. The box moves from rest with an average acceleration a, Which of the following is the correct expression for the frictional force F acting on the box? OA F=T+ma OB F=T-ma 0 ¢ F=T+ma+mg © D F=T-ma-mgas. A box is pulled up a ramp using a rope as shown. The box moves at a constant speed. The forces acting on the box are: W= weight of box frictional force of ground on box tension in rope R= normal contact force of ground on box Draw the free-body force diagram for the box. : T R T F F ¥ © A B R r : rT F F v © © D Gageocaoo