B08 Basic Aerodynamics

1) What is the average value of the temperature lapse rate in the region of the Earth's
atmosphere known as the troposphere?
a) 1.98°C per 500 feet
b) 1.98°C per 1000 feet
c) 2.20°C per 1000 feet

2) Density of the atmosphere will:

a) increase with rising humidity
b) decrease with rising humidity
c) be unaffected by any change in humidity

3) The composition of air in the atmosphere is approximately:

a) 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% other gases
b) 21% nitrogen, 78% carbon dioxide, 1% other gases
c) 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases

4) An aircraft flying at 10,000 ft, compared to an aircraft of the same weight flying at the same
IAS (indicated air speed) but at sea level will have:
a) a larger angle of attack
b) a smaller angle of attack
c) the same angle of attack

5) The Lift produced by an aerofoil:

a) varies inversely with the area of the aerofoil
b) depends primarily on the thrust that each engine produces
c) varies directly with the area of the aerofoil

6) Total drag on an aeroplane in flight is greater than the sum of lift dependent drag, skin
friction and form drag because of:
a) movement of stagnation point
b) mixing of airflows at joints
c) variation in air density

7) Steady state airflow around a cylindrical body becomes turbulent at the:

a) stagnation point at the terminal velocity
b) transition point at a velocity which is inversely proportional to the cylinder diameter
c) transition point at a velocity which is proportional to the cylinder diameter

8) The angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle that the:

 a) chord line makes with the longitudinal axis
b) chord line makes with the relative airflow
c) airframe makes with the horizontal when the aircraft is in a rigging position

9) As the angle of attack increases:

a) induced drag decreases
b) induced drag increases
c) wing tip vortices decrease

10) On a rectangular wing planform a small stall strip is installed on the inboard section of the
wings leading edge to ensure:
a) the outboard section of the wing stalls first
b) elevator control is not lost at the beginning of a stall condition
c) wing root area stalls first allowing aileron control to continue throughout the stall

11) If an aircraft is flying at constant speed then thrust is:

a) greater than drag
b) equal to drag
c) less than drag

12) If, when an aircraft is in a stable glide and the pilot reduces the angle of attack, speed will:
a) increase and gliding distance will increase
b) decrease and gliding distance will increase
c) increase and gliding distance will reduce

13) In a steady rate climb, the:

a) angle of climb is determined by the amount of excess thrust remaining after opposing drag
b) angle of climb is determined by the best lift/drag ratio
c) rate of climb is determined by the amount of excess thrust remaining after opposing drag

14) As the turn radius is reduced during a manoeuvre the load factor will:
a) increase
b) reduce
c) remain constant

15) As an aircraft pulls out of a dive, the load factor will be:
a) increasing in a positive sense
b) negative and increasing
c) at zero as the positive and negative values cancel each other out
16) When extension flaps are deployed:
a) centre of pressure (c of p) moves REARWARD causing nose down pitch
b) c of p moves forward causing pitch up movement
c) the wing area is increased but the lift coefficient reduced

17) The angle of attack of an aircraft's tailplane will influence its:

a) directional stability
b) lateral stability
c) longitudinal stability

18) Anhedral of a wing will:

a) improve lateral stability
b) reduce longitudinal stability
c) REDUCE lateral stability

19) Directional stability is achieved by controlling:

a) yawing motion about the Vertical axis only
b) rolling motion about the longitudinal axis only
c) yawing motion about the longitudinal axis only

20) The tendency of an aircraft to roll is due to:

a) lateral Instability
b) longitudinal instability
c) directional instability

21) The composition of air means that it has weight and:

a) Its pressure, density and temperature will all decrease with an increase in altitude
b) Is compressible ,its pressure and density decrease, but temperature increases with an
increase in altitude
c) Is compressible ,its density and temperature increase with altitude but its pressure
decrease
22) Atmospheric pressure at any point is equal to the:
a) square root of the weight of a column of air 1in2 in section extending from any given
altitude
b) weight of a column of air 1in2 in section extending from any given altitude
c) square of the weight of a column of air 1in2 in section extending from any given altitude

23) the type of drag which make up parasite drag are:

a) pressure, interference and induced
b) interference, vortex and form
c) skin friction interference and form drag.
24) Wash out on a wing refers to:
a) a greater angle of incidence at the wing root than at the wing tip
b) an increase in angle of incidence from the wing root to the wing tip
c) the distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of a wing

25) compared to a low lift/drag ratio, high lift/drag ratio:

a) gives a steeper glide angle
b) has no noticeable effect on the glide angle
c) gives a SHALLOWER glide angle

26) To maintain the same altitude when velocity is increased:

a) the angle of attack must be REDUCED to reduce lift coefficient
b) airbrakes must be used to increase drag coefficient
c) the angle of attack must be increased to increase lift coefficient

2) If the throttle is opened & the angle of attack is held constant, the airspeed & altitude are:
a) increased continuously at a constant rate
b) increased initially then stabilised at new values
c) unchanged

27) the weight of an aircraft is considered to act at the centre of:

a) pressure
b) gravity
c) lift

28) When trailing edge flap are fully deployed, ( landing position ) the lift over the wing is:
a.  decreased along with drag
b.  increased but the centre of pressure decreases
C. Increased but increases drag.

29) The most efficient angle of attack for an aerofoil may be obtained by referring to the:
a.       lift coefficient to angle of attack graphs
b. Graph of lift/drag ratio to angle of attack.
C.       manufacturer’s handbook.

30) During a glide, the forces acting on an aircraft are:

a.      lift, weight and thrust
b.  Weight, lift, and drag.
c.      drags thrust and weight
31) In a turn ,if bank angle is increased , lift
a) Must be increased by increasing speed and angle of attack.
b) Remain the same but speed must be increased.
c) Remain the same but angle of attack must be increased

32) When an aircraft is disturbed in pitch and its dynamic response is to continually move away
from its original path it has :????
a) Negative dynamic longitudinal stability.
b) Neutral dynamic lateral stability.
c) Positive dynamic stability.

33) Lateral stability is stability about the :

a) Normal axis and may be achieved by means of a horizontal stabilizer.
b) Lateral axis and may be achieved by means of C OF G placement.
c) Longitudinal axis and may be achieved by means of sweepback.

34) A wing that has a degree of dihedral will produce a greater: 

a). amount of lift in the down going wing in a roll.
b)     amount of drag on the up-going wing in a roll.
c)     pressure when wing spoilers are activated.

35) The keel surface of an aircraft rear of the centre of Gravity provides a: 
a. Directional stability about the normal axis.
b. longitudinal stability about the longitudinal axis
c. lateral stability about the vertical axis

36) Millibars or (hecto pascal) are units of:

a) pressure which decrease in value with an increase in altitude
b) density which increase in value with a decrease in altitude
c) force which increase with an increase in dynamic pressure

37) As the altitude increases, the viscosity of the air in the boundary layer will:
a) decrease with a decrease in temperature up to the tropopause
b) increase with a decrease in temperature
c) remain relatively constant with the effects of pressure and density

38) To obtain accurate airspeed the:

a) atmospheric density and humidity must be known
b) actual atmospheric temperature and pressure must be considered
c) calibrated airspeed and atmospheric sea must be known
39) The lift generated by a general purpose aerofoil would be 'zero' at:
a) zero degrees angle of attack
b) -a negative value for angle of attack
c) a positive value of angle of attack

40) If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the profile drag at a given speed will:
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

41) The airflow over an aircraft wing of finite length is considered to be:
a) steady
b) two dimensional
c) three dimensional

42) 'Wash out' will ensure the:

a) tip of the wing stalls first giving a greater warning to the pilot of a complete stall
b) root of the wing stalls first maintaining control over the ailerons
c) complete wing stalls at once reducing the risk of structural failure

43) An aircraft wing is designed to stall:

a) along the whole length simultaneously
b) progressively from root to tip
c) progressively from tip to root

44) Two aircraft having the same lift drag ratio but with different weights start a glide from the
same height:
a) both will cover the same distance in still air and land at the same elapsed time
b) the heavier aircraft, gliding at a higher equivalent airspeed will land first
c) because of higher drag the heavier aircraft will land after the lighter aircraft

45) In a climb at a steady speed the thrust is:

a) exactly equal to the drag
b) greater than the drag
c) less than the drag

46) An aircraft flying straight and level at a steady Indicated Air Speed (IAS) begins a banked
turn, to keep the IAS constant the engine power must:
a) be increased
b) be decreased
c) must remain the same
47) The 'Rolling G Limit' in the flight envelope is imposed because of:
a) the risk of the pilot 'blacking out'
b) the extra twisting forces applied to the wing structure
c) control surface deflection limits

48) The use of high lift devices on an aeroplane's wings during the landing phase of flight
causes induced drag to:
a) decrease, requiring a decrease in engine power
b) increase, requiring an increase in engine power
c) decrease, requiring an increase in engine power

49) To balance out variations in pitching moment due to movement of the centre of pressure a:
a) rudder is fitted
b) fin is fitted
c) tailplane is fitted

50) Several factors affect the static lateral stability of an aircraft such as wing/fuselage
interference. Others in the correct combination are:
a) tail area, tail volume and sweepback
b) dihedral, sweepback and fuselage/vertical stabiliser contribution
c) weathercock stability, wing downwash and planform

51) The function of the vertical stabiliser is to promote:

a) longitudinal stability about the lateral axis
b) lateral stability about the longitudinal axis
c) stability about the normal axis directional

52) Dutch Roll is an unstable oscillation involving:

a) roll, sideslip and pitch
b) roll, yaw and pitch
c) yaw, sideslip and roll

53) According to lapse rate theory, if sea-level temperature is 10°C, then the temperature:
a) at 10000 feet will be minus 9.8°C
b) at 19800 feet will be minus 19.8°C
c) must be calculated using the 'equation of state'

2) Assuming there is no change in pressure, the density of air:

a) will vary with humidity so that air density is less on dry days
b) changes to a higher value on dry days
c) increases with a change in relative humidity on damp days
3) The stratosphere lies:
a) between the stratopause and tropopause
b) above the ionosphere but below the troposphere
c) above both the ionosphere and troposphere

4) An indicated airspeed gauge must not have an error greater than:

a) 2 Kts
b) 4 Kts
c) 6 Kts

5) A typical aerofoil at zero degrees angle of attack will produce:

a) no lift
b) no drag
c) some lift and drag

6) One of the benefits of a 'High Aspect Ratio' wing is to reduce the:

a) 'zero lift' aircraft drag
b) parasite drag
c) induced drag

7) Downstream from the leading edge of an aerofoil, the boundary layer will:
a) thicken
b) thin out
c) become laminar

8) A common feature designed to prevent wing tip stall is:

a) a reduction in incidence at the tips, called washout
b) the use of slats to increase the stalling angle
c) tip spoilers to cause airflow breakaway

9) As an airflow approaches an aerofoil at a positive angle of attack it will experience an:

A. Upwash due to increase in velocity over the upper surface.
b. downwash due to the stagnation point being under the wing
c. vortex along the leading edge due to the downwash

10) The result of ice formation on an aeroplane wing in flight will be:
a) an increase in drag coefficient and decrease in lift coefficient
b) a decrease in drag coefficient and an increase in lift coefficient
c) an increase in drag coefficient and lift coefficient

11) In level flight, if a nose-down tendency occurs causing the tail plane to act as a down-load
balance, the:
 a) drag must be increased to reduce the lift
b) angle of attack must be reduced to relieve the load on the control surface
c) angle of attack has to increase to increase lift

12) When an aeroplane stalls, the movement of the centre of pressure will cause the:
a) aeroplane to rotate into a gliding attitude
b) aeroplane to pitch nose up
c) stall warning system to operate

13) Power available for climb will be at its maximum when the:
a) lift/drag ratio is maximum
b) aircraft is flying at maximum indicated airspeed
c) power output from the engine is equal to power required

14) In a turn, if the bank angle is increased, to keep the aircraft at the same height, lift:
a) must be increased by increasing angle of attack
b) remains the same but speed must be increased
c) remains the same but angle of attack must be increased

15) The lift/weight turning moment of an aircraft is normally arranged to give, in the event of an
engine failure a:
a) nose up pitching moment
b) nose down pitching moment
c) horizontal spiral moment

16) Leading edge slats will cause the transition point over a wing, to move:
a) rearwards due to increased air velocity
b) rearwards due to decreased air velocity
c) forwards due to decreased air velocity

17) The horizontal stabiliser controls:

a) stability about the longitudinal axis
b) stability about the lateral axis
c) drag limitation on the main aircraft structure

18) On an aircraft with a dihedral wing, sideslip will produce a stable:

a) pitching moment
b) rolling moment
c) yawing moment

19) The vertical stabiliser is considered a:

a) secondary control surface and will be used for static longitudinal stability
 b) symmetrical control surface and will be used for static directional stability
c) primary control surface and will be used for dynamic lateral stability

20) The straight line through the Centre of Gravity fore and aft in the plane of symmetry is the:
a) lateral axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) normal axis
21) when compared to an aircraft with a high maximum lift/ drag ratio, an aircraft with a low
maximum lift drag ratio in a glide will
a) travel farther on a shallow glide path.
b) Be slower but will travel the same distance.
c) Follow a steeper glide path and not travel as far

22) To achieve the maximum rate of climb for a piston engine aircraft ,the
a) The lift/ drag ratio maximum.
b) Aircraft is flying at maximum indicated air speed.
c) Power available from the engine is equal to power required for level flight.

23) To keep the aircraft level in a turn, if bank angle is increased, lift:
a) Remains the same but speed must be increased
b) Remains the same but angle of attack must be increased
c) Must be increased by increasing speed or angle of attack

24) The International Standard Atmosphere value for air density is calculated by:
a) using ambient values of temperature and pressure applied to Boyle's Law
b) referring to graphs based on Charles' Law
c) using derived values of temperature and pressure applied to the Equation of State

25) Aircraft normally operate in the:

a) troposphere and lower stratosphere
b) ionosphere and lower troposphere
c) stratosphere and lower ionosphere

26) In order to calculate calibrated airspeed:

a) pressure error corrections and instrument errors are combined with true airspeed
b) indicated airspeed is combined with pressure error and instrument error
c) rectified airspeed and pressure error are added to instrument error

27) The coefficient of lift:

a) decreases with an increase in airspeed
b) increases as the centre of pressure moves rearward
c) increases with an increase in angle of attack
28) Airflows mixing at airframe junctions will normally lead to:
a) interference drag
b) induced drag
c) form drag

29) Airflow around a cylindrical body becomes turbulent at the:

a) transition point
b) stagnation point
c) terminal velocity

30) When the angle of attack of an aerofoil is increased:

a) the lift coefficient increases as the centre of pressure moves rearward
b) a forward movement of the centre of pressure coincides with an increase of lift coefficient
c) the coefficient of lift reduces with an increase in drag

31) When a tailplane has to produce a down-load balancing force to maintain level flight at the
same speed:
a) the aircraft will tend to reduce speed
b) the angle of attack must be increased to increase the lift
c) downwash will increase on the stabiliser giving lead to wing-tip vortex generation

32) In a 'power on' glide at a steady speed the thrust is:

a) exactly equal to the drag
b) greater than the drag
c) less than the drag

33) An altitude known as service ceiling is when:

a) a sustained positive vertical speed is no longer possible
b) the aircraft has reached a point where the maximum sustained positive vertical speed falls
to 500 feet per minute (FPM)
c) level flight can be maintained with power reduced to flight idle

34) During a turn the lift force is resolved into:

a) centrifugal force and a force equal to lift
b) centripetal force and a force equal and opposite to weight
c) a force acting opposite to thrust and a force opposing the tendency to slip

35) A rolling g limit will be:

a) higher than the ordinary g limit
b) the same as the ordinary g limit
c) lower than the ordinary g limit
36) Deploying slotted extension flaps will:
a) increase CL, increase wing area, and increase stalling speed
b) decrease stalling speed, decrease CL and increase wing area
c) increase wing area, increase CL and lower stalling speed

37) Longitudinal stability is about the:

a) longitudinal axis and is achieved using the horizontal stabiliser
b) lateral axis and is achieved using the tailplane
c) normal axis and is achieved using the vertical stabiliser

38) An aircraft constructed with dihedral will provide:

a) lateral stability about the longitudinal axis
b) longitudinal stability about the lateral axis
c) lateral stability about the normal axis

39) Directional stability of an aircraft is determined by:

a) fin area and moment arm
b) wing area divided by fin area
c) ratio of tail plane volume to the fin volume

40) A high wing position gives:

a) less lateral stability than a low wing
b) more lateral stability than a low wing
c) identical stability to a low wing

41) At the tropopause, international standard air pressure is approximately:

a) 12.5% pressure at 18000 ft
b) 25% of sea level pressure
c) 37.5% ISA standard sea level pressure

42) The International Standard Atmosphere standard for air density is:
a) 1.225 Kg/m3
b) 1.425 Kg/m3
c) 1.625 Kg/m3

43) The International Standard Atmosphere specifies:

a) air is dry
b) a maximum relative humidity of less than 5%
c) an average relative humidity of 70%
44) Equivalent airspeed is calculated by multiplying calibrated airspeed by the ratio of:
a) ambient density to standard density
b) sea level density to standard density
c) sea level density to ambient density

45) Lift coefficient may be increased by:

a) increasing the wing angle of attack
b) increasing forward speed
c) gaining height

46) The induced drag of an aircraft is the drag due to the:

a) lift being produced
b) surface roughness
c) frontal area

47) The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where the:

a) suction pressure reaches a maximum
b) airflow is brought completely to rest
c) boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent

48) An aerofoil with zero camber will:

a) have a reflex trailing edge
b) be symmetrical in section
c) have a concave lower surface

49) The optimum angle of an aerofoil is that angle at which the:

a) aerofoil produces maximum lift
b) aerofoil experiences minimum drag
c) best lift/drag ratio is produced

50) The transition point on a wing is the point where the:

a) flow separates from the wing surface
b) boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) flow divides to pass above and below the wing

51) An increase in forward speed will:

a) strengthen the lift/weight couple
b) strengthen the thrust/weight couple
c) weaken the thrust/weight couple
52) A high L / D ratio:
a) gives a steep glide angle
b) has no effect on the glide angle
c) gives a shallow glide angle

53) Zooming for altitude will exchange:

a) kinetic energy for potential energy
b) potential energy for kinetic energy
c) potential energy for total energy

54) In a turn during which a force of 2G is produced, the aeroplane stalling speed will be:
a) the same as the basic stalling speed
b) basic stalling speed multiplied by 2

c) basic stalling speed multiplied by √2

55) The relationship of forces on an aircraft is such that the:

a) lift/drag couple is balanced by the thrust/weight couple
b) nose up tendency of the thrust/drag couple is counteracted by the lift/weight couple
c) thrust/drag couple will produce an unacceptable nose down attitude if not opposed by lift

56) Operation of slats as lift augmentation devices is achieved by:

a) an acceleration of air through the slot between the slats and aerofoil at high angle of attack
to delay stall by maintaining a smooth overwing airflow
b) a deceleration of air over the upper surface of the aerofoil increasing the ratio of lift
pressure to prevent inherent stall
c) increasing the angle of attack and increasing the Wing camber to add additional lift at low
speeds with no additional drag

57) Stability in pitch is:

a) longitudinal stability about the lateral axis
b) lateral stability about the lateral axis
c) lateral stability about the longitudinal axis

58) A dihedral angle wing:

a) gives a greater lift force to the down-going wing in a roll
b) gives a greater lift force to the up-going wing in a roll
c) does not affect the lift force of a wing until the spoilers are activated

59) The fin provides an aircraft with:

a) lateral stability
b) longitudinal stability
c) directional stability
60) Dutch roll is:
a) primarily a pitching instability
b) a type of slow roll
c) a combined rolling and yawing motion

61) At sea level the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) pressure is given as:
a) 29.92 PSI
b) 288.0 Pa
c) 1013.25 millibars

62) Humidity in air increases with rising:

a) pressure
b) temperature
c) viscosity

63) The saturation point of water in air is approximately:

a) 50-55% per unit volume
b) 10-15% per unit volume
c) 4-5% per unit volume

64) The main components of the atmosphere are nitrogen and:

a) helium
b) carbon dioxide
c) oxygen

65) An asymmetrical aerofoil at zero degree angle of attack will produce:

a) no drag
b) no boundary layer
c) some lift

66) Induced drag increases with increases in:

a) angle of attack
b) surface roughness
c) aspect ratio

67) A turbulent boundary layer begins at the:

a) stagnation point
b) transition point
c) separation point
68) An aerofoil that has zero camber and used for high speed is:
a) high lift
b) symmetrical
c) general purpose

69) The most efficient angle of attack to fly occurs at the:

a) maximum lift angle
b) lowest drag angle
c) best lift/drag ratio

70) In a manoeuvre the stalling speed of an aircraft:

a) increases
b) decreases
c) stays the same

71) In steady level flight the total drag on the aircraft is balanced by:
a) thrust
b) lift
c) drag

72) Maintaining the best lift/drag ratio in a glide will give the:
a) maximum glide distance
b) fastest glide speed
c) minimum glide distance

73) In a climb thrust exceeds:

a) drag
b) weight
c) lift

74) The load factor in a banked turn:

a) stays the same
b) increases
c) decreases

75) The ratio of weight to wing area is known as the:

a) load factor
b) wing loading
c) aspect ratio
76) When extension flaps are deployed the centre of pressure moves to the:
a) leading edge
b) trailing edge
c) wing tips

77) Longitudinal stability is effected by the size of the:

a) rudder
b) moment arm
c) wing dihedral

78) Lateral stability is improved by the wing being positioned:

a) high
b) low
c) central

79) Directional stability is determined by the length of the moment arm and the size of the:
a) tailplane
b) longitudinal dihedral
c) vertical stabiliser

80) Wing dihedral leads to

a) longitudinal stability
b) lateral stability
c) directional stability

81) If sea-level temperature is 1O°C, then by the lapse rate theory, the temperature at 10,000 ft
will be:
a.  minus 9.8°C.
b.     minus 19.8°C
c.     calculated only by using the 'equation of state'

82) Moisture in the air will:

a.   Reduce air density.
b.       increase air density
c.       reduce air pressure

83) The ISA standard for air density is:

a.  1.225 kg/m3.
b.       1.425 kg/m3
c.       1.625 kg/m3
  

84) In the Troposphere, temperature:

a. Decreases as altitude increase.
b.        increases as altitude increase
c.        remains constant throughout

85) If pressure and temperature are known, air density may be calculated by using:
a.     the Equation of Continuity
b.     Bernoulli's Theorem
C-The Equation of State.

86) Air has weight and is compressible. It's:

a.     pressure and density increase with an increase in altitude
b. Pressure, density and temperature all decrease with increase in altitude.
c.      density and temperature increase with an increase in altitude

87) In a disturbance, an aircraft will to roll if it has a lack of:

a. lateral stability.
b. longitudinal stability
c. directional stability

88) The total drag of a symmetrical aerofoil at zero angle of attack is made up of:
a.  Form drag plus surface friction drag.
b.       form drag plus vortex drag
c.       interference drag plus induced drag

89) The use of flap during the landing causes induced drag to:
a.      decrease, so angle of attack is decreased
b. Increase, requiring an increase in engine power
c.      stay the same giving an increase in lift

90) The layer of air extending from the surface of an object to the point where no dragging
occurs is known as the:
a.      stagnation layer
b.      turbulent layer
C-Boundary layer

91) Assuming there is no change in temperature and pressure, the density of air:
a.will vary with humidity so that air density is less on dry days
 b. Changes to a higher value on dry days.
c.      increases with a change in relative humidity on damp days
 
92) To achieve a minimum radius turn the:
a. Wing loading must be as low as possible.
b. air density has to be low
c. load factor must be as low as possible

93) An aircraft flying at 10000 ft, compared to an aircraft of the same weight flying at the same
IAS (indicated air speed) but at sea level will have:
a.a larger angle of attack
b. A smaller angle of attack.
C.the same angle of attack
 
94) Lateral dynamic stability problems may involve:
a.   spiral movement, due to pitching disturbance
b.   flat plane oscillations
C. Oscillations involving roll, yaw and possible sideslip.
 
95) Zero lift drag only will occur when the aircraft is in:
a. steep dive
b. shallow glide
C. truly vertical flight
 
96) At the transition point the boundary layer becomes:
a. thinner with turbulent flow
b. thicker with laminar flow
c. Thicker with turbulent flow.
  

97) The normal range of movement of the centre of Pressure over a cambered aerofoil is: 
a. 5%-10% aft of the leading edge
b. 25% - 30% aft of the leading edge
c. 35% - 45% aft of the leading edge

98) Dutch Roll is an unstable oscillation that affects:

a. lateral stability.
b. longitudinal stability
c.  directional stability
99) The transition point of air passing over a wing is the point where the:
a.   flow separates from the wing surface
b. Boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent.
c.   flow divides above and below the wing

100) Washout on a wing describes the:

a. Difference between the angle of incidence between the wing root and the wing tip.
b.Increase in angle of attack from the wing root to the wing tip
c.   the distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of a wing

101) The function of the vertical stabiliser promotes:

a. longitudinal stability about the vertical axis
b. lateral stability about the lateral axis
c. Directional stability about the normal axis

102) The ISA value for air density is calculated by:

a.   using ambient values of temperature and pressure applied to Boyle’s Law
b. Using derived values of temperature and pressure applied to the Equation of State.
c.  referring to graphs based on Charles' Law
 
103)  A general purpose Asymmetrical aerofoil at zero degrees angle of attack will produce:
a. no lift
b. no drag
c. Some lift and drag.

104) When Fowler flaps are deployed without leading edge devices the:
a.  Centre of pressure moves rearward causing the nose to pitch down.
b. movement of the centre of pressure causes a pitch up pitching moment
c. coefficient of lift reduces as the wing area is increased.

105) If the airspeed over a wing at a constant angle of attack is doubled, the lift will be: 
a. Doubled
b. Multiplied by four.
c. increased by a power of eight

106) With increasing altitude the air will:

a. Move more freely as it becomes less dense.
b. become more restricted in movement as the particles collide more frequently
 c. reacts to the change in pressure only, and therefore moves in a more restricted space

107) When viewed from the rear, wing tip vortices rotate:
a. Clockwise on the left wing, anticlockwise on the right wing.
b.   anticlockwise on the port wing, clockwise on the starboard wing
c.   clockwise on both wings

108) An aircraft constructed with anhedral wings will provide: 

a. Lateral instability about the longitudinal axis.
b. longitudinal stability about the lateral axis
c. lateral instability about the normal axis

109) The chord line of an aerofoil is a line, which is drawn:

a. at equidistant distance from the upper & lower surfaces of an asymmetrical aerofoil
b. From the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil section.
c.   tangential to the top surface at the leading edge

110) The vertical stabiliser provides an aircraft with: 

a. lateral stability
b.Longitudinal stability
c. Directional stability.

111) In flight, if the angle of attack is held constant when the throttle settings are increased, the
airspeed and altitude of the aircraft will:
a. increase until the angle of attack is reduced
b. Increase initially then stabilised at a new values.
c. increase speed but remain at the same height

112) The ratio of ambient density to standard density when multiplied by:
a.  Calibrated airspeed is equal to equivalent airspeed.
b. rectified airspeed is equal to indicated airspeed
c.     equivalent airspeed is equal to true air speed
 
113) The result of ice formation on an aircraft wing in flight will cause an: 
A. Increase in the drag coefficient but a decrease in lift coefficient.
b. decrease in drag coefficient and an increase in lift coefficient
c. increases in both the drag and lift coefficient
 
114) On an aerofoil section, as the angle of attack is increased, the transition point moves: 
 a. towards the trailing edge
b. towards the leading edge.
c.   around the leading edge away from the stagnation point

115) As altitude increases, the local speed of sound will:

A. Decrease.
b. increase
c. remain unaltered

116) If two identical aeroplanes with a large difference in their weight are stalled:
A.The heavier aircraft will have a higher stalling speed.
b. the lighter will have a higher stalling speed
c. they will both stall at the same speed

117) The lift generated by a general-purpose aerofoil would be ‘zero' at:

a. zero degrees angle of attack
B.  A negative value for angle of attack.
c. a positive value of angle of attack

118) Aspect ratio is the ratio of aerofoil wingspan to the:

A. Mean chord.
b.   wing area
c. wing thickness

119) To fly an aircraft straight and level at a low airspeed, the aircraft must be flown at:

a. its negative lift angle of attack

b. the zero lift angle of attack
c. A large angle of attack.

120) On an aircraft of a given weight, to maintain level flight, the coefficient of lift will be
increased when:
a.   fuel is burnt in flight
b.The speed of the aircraft is lowered.
c. the aircraft is being in the lower atmosphere
 
121) The function of the horizontal stabiliser is to promote stability about the: 
 a. Lateral axis.
b. longitudinal axis
c. normal axis

122) The horizontal stabiliser is a:

a. Aerofoil surface that provides static longitudinal stability.
b.  a primary control surface used for static vertical stability
c. primary control surface used for dynamic lateral stability

123) The directional stability of an aircraft is achieved by controlling the amount of:
a. Yawing motion about the vertical axis.
b. rolling motion about the longitudinal axis
c. yawing motion about the longitudinal axis
 
124) When an aeroplane stalls, the centre of pressure will move, causing the:
 a. Aircraft to rotate into a gliding attitude
b. aircraft to pitch nose up
c. stall warning system to operate

125) When a download is produced by the tailplane, to maintain level flight at the same speed:
a. the aircraft will need to be placed in a nose down attitude
b.The angle of attack must be increase to increase the lift.
c. downwash affecting the stabiliser will increase that will lead to the wing-tip vortex generation

126) The couples of an aircraft are normally arranged, so that if power is lost, to give a:
a. nose up pitching moment
b. Nose down pitching moment.
c. horizontal movement about the longitudinal axis
 
127) In a steady climb, the angle of climb is determined by the:
a. Amount of excess thrust remaining after opposing drag.
b. amount of excess power available
c.      angle of attack being at the critical angle
 
128) An altitude known as service ceiling is when:
a. sustained vertical speed is no longer possible
b. Vertical speed fails to 500 feet per minute (FPM).
c. level flight is maintained with power reduced to flight idle
  
129) In level flight, if the aircraft is pitched nose down in a disturbance, then if the tailplane
provide a download to restore the aircraft, the:
a. drag will increase and reduce the lift
b. elevator is moved in order to relieve the structural load
c. Downward force is increased so the wing angle of attack is increased to increase lift.

130) Dutch Roll is a motion that involves:

a. pitching and yawing
b. a type of spiral roll
C. Rolling and yawing.
 
131) In a 2G turn, the aircraft stalling will be: 
a. the same as the basic stalling speed
b. basic stalling speed multiplied by 2
c. Basic staling speed multiplied by √2

132) Zooming for altitude exchanges:

a. kinetic energy for potential energy.
b. potential energy for kinetic energy
c. potential energy for total energy
 
133) If an aircraft speed is increased in a constant radius of turn then to maintain the turn, the
bank angle: 
a. Must be increased.
b. must be decreased
c. will remain constant

134) In a climb thrust is:

a.  equal to the drag
b. Greater than the drag.
c. less than the drag

135) In a stable climb the rate of climb is determined by the:

a. amount lift exceeds weight
b. Excess power available.
c. thrust exceeding weight
136) Wing loading is the ratio of the:
a.  Aircraft weight to wing area.
b. weight of the wing to the area of the wing
c. lift to weight of aircraft

137) In a turn, if the radius of turn is reduced then the load factor is:
a. Increased
b. Reduced.
c. constant

138) In the flight envelope, the 'Rolling G Limit' is imposed because of:
a. size of forces that could cause pilot 'blacking out‘
b. The extra twisting forces applied to the wing structure.
c. limits of control surface deflection

139) To keep the IAS constant in a level banked turn, engine power must:
a. Be increased.
b. be decreased
c. remain the same

140) The straight line through the Centre of Gravity from wing tip to wing tip is the:
a. Lateral axis.
b. longitudinal axis
c. normal axis

141) Deploying Fowler flaps will:

a.  increase CL, increase wing area, and increase stalling speed
b.     decrease stalling speed, decrease CL, and increase wing area
c. Increase wing area, increase CL, and lower stalling speed

142) The angle of incidence of the tailplane’s will influence an aircraft’s:

a. directional stability
b. lateral stability
c. Longitudinal stability.

143) Stability about the longitudinal axis may be provided by the:

a. Wing dihedral.
b. horizontal stabiliser
c. ailerons
144) In a manoeuvre the rolling g limits are:
a. higher than the normal g limits
b. the same as the ordinary g limit
c. Lower because of twisting of the wing.

145) Troposphere is a layer of the atmospheric where the temperature

a) Generally decrease with an altitude increase.
b) Generally increase with an altitude increase.
c) Remain constant throughout until the ionosphere.

146) As subsonic airflow enters the reduced area of a venture ,the total pressure ;
a) Increase , dynamic pressure increase and static pressure remains the same .
b) Reduce , dynamic pressure reduced and static pressure increase .
c) Remains the same, dynamic pressure increase and static pressure reduced.

147) To achieve the maximum distance in glide

a) The lift / drag ratio must be maximum.
b) The gliding angle must be reduced.
c) A high gliding speed must be used

148) Lowering the flap to its take- off setting will give a :
a) Large increase in drag and lower stalling speed.
b) Large increase in drag and higher stalling speed.
c) Small increase in drag and lower stalling speed.

149) A disadvantage seen with the extension flaps is the ;

a) C of P is moved forward requiring greater rear movement of control column on take-off.
b) C of P is moved rearward requiring greater rearward movement of control column on take-off.
c) C of P is moved rearward requiring greater forward movement of control column on take-off.

150) If the throttle is opened and the airspeed is held constant the angle of attack is:
a) Increased.
b) Decrease.
c) Unchanged.

151) The weight of an aircraft is considered to act at the center of :

a) Pressure.
b) Gravity.
c) Lift .

152) In climb ,the lift force is:

a) Less than the weight.
 b) Equal than the weight
c) Greater than the weight

153) Stability about thelateral axis is given by the :

a) Wing dihedral.
b) Horizontal stabilizer.
c) Aileron.

154) The degree of anhedral of a wing will:

a) improve lateral stability.
b) reduce longitudinal stability.
c)  Reduce lateral stability

155) Wash out on a wing refers to:

a- a greater angle of incidence at the wing root than at the wing tip.

b. an increase in angle of incidence from the wing root to the wing tip.

c. the distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of a wing.

156) 'Wash out' will ensure the:

a. tip of the wing stalls first giving a greater warning to the pilot of a complete stall.
b. root of the wing stalls first maintaining control over the ailerons.
c. complete wing stalls at once reducing the risk of structural failure.

157) Hectopascals are units of:

a. Density which increase in value with a decrease in altitude.
b. pressure which decrease in value with an increase in altitude.
c. Force which increase with an increase in dynamic pressure.