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General Biology I
(Specialized Subject)
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
THE CELL
(Cell Theory, Structure and Function)
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: The Cell (Cell Theory, Structure and Function)

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 12
General Biology I
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
THE CELL
(Cell Theory, Structure and
Function)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The
Cell – Cell Theory , Structure and Function!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public
and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies

that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The
Cell – Cell Theory ,Structure and Function!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand
in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
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 correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

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 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

Cells are the smallest single unit of life that foms the basis for all living things. The simplest
organism such as bacteria is unicellular while humans and other organisms are multicellular. It
was Robert Hooke who coined the word cell in 1665 through his observation of a cork.With the
invention of the crude microscope the cell was closely observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
From there major contributions of Schwann and Schleiden, and further enhancement by Virchow
the cell theory is widely accepted.

The difference in the structure of cells and their function is the basis for the major divisions of life
into the three kingdoms of Archaea (“ancient” bacteria), Eubacteria (“modern” bacteria) and
Eukaryota (everything else, including us). To understand everything about a cell is understanding
of life.

The study of cell structure and function is called Cell biology.

The module is divided into two lessons:

 Lesson 1 – Cell Theory
 Lesson 2 – Cell Structure and Function

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the postulates of the cell theory;
2. Trace the history of the cell;
3. Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles;
4. Draw a cell analogy.

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the correct answer for the questions below. Write your answer on
your answer sheets.

1. Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”?
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Matthias Schleiden
D. Rudolf Virchow

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2. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
A. Cells are the basic units of life.
B. All living things are made of cells.
C. Very few cells are able to reproduce.
D. All cells are produced from existing cells.

3. Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based?
A. All cells form by free-cell formation.
B. All cells have DNA.
C. All organisms are made of cells.
D. All cells are eukaryotic.

4. To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand
how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how
cells behave because
A. cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years
B. large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory
C. the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments
D. what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals

5. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

A. controls most of the cell’s processes
B. contains the information needed to make proteins
C. stores DNA
D. all of the above

6. The cells of multicellular organisms are

A. specialized to perform particular functions.
B. simpler than those of unicellular organisms.
C. smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
D. not dependent on one another.

7. Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

A. lysosome
B. vacuole
C. mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus

8. Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

A. lysosome
B. vacuole
C. mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus

9. Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

A. ribosomes.
B. mitochondria.
C. chloroplasts.
D. B and C only

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10. Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light
microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since
Hooke?
A. Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.
B. Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.
C. Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.
D. Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

11. Acts as the digestive system inside a cell. It helps to break down old or unneeded parts of the
cell, and substances that have been brought into the cell from the outside.
A. mitochondria
B. lysosome
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. ribosome

12. Monitors and controls entry into and out of the cell.
A. cell membrane
B. vacuole
C. ribosome
D. chloroplast

13. Creates proteins. It can float within the cytoplasm or be attached to an organelle.
A. mitochondria
B. ribosome
C. cytoplasm
D. nucleus

14. Checks, makes necessary changes, packages and secretes proteins.

A. cell wall
B. mitochondria
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi Bodies / Golgi Apparatus

15. Jelly-like fluid that fills the cells and suspends the organelles.
A. cytoplasm
B. nucleus
C. lysosome
D. chloroplast

16. Thick, rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell and provides support and structure.
A. mitochondria
B. cell wall
C. chloroplast
D. nucleus

17. Helps transport proteins.

A. lysosome
B. cell wall
C. vacuole
D. endoplasmic reticulum

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18. In plant cells, a large, fluid-filled space inside the cell that helps the cell maintain its shape
and may also be used to store nutrients and waste products. In animal cells, small fluid spaces
inside the cell that are used to store nutrients and waste products.
A. chloroplast
B. ribosome
C. cell wall
D. vacuole

19. Produces energy to fuel the cell’s activities.

A. cell wall
B. mitochondria
C. cytoplasm
D. Golgi Bodies / Golgi Apparatus

20. Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?

A. unicellular
B. multicellular
C. cell specialization
D. levels of organization

Lesson
General Biology I :
1 Cell Theory

What’s In

The cell is regarded as the basic unit of life, even using the simple light microscope one can view
that a living matter is composed of cells. All organisms are made up of cells that carry out basic
life processes. Learning the history of the cell, how it was discovered, how the parts was carefully
studied to know it’s function is vital in knowing the most basic component of an organism.
Understanding the cell it’s structure and function is studying life.

Notes to the Learners

This module is self – instructional and contains 2 lessons that are
interconnected with each other. If you have access to the internet
there are suggested videos to complement with the contents of this
module. You can also access our Google Classroom for additional
references. Happy learning. (All answers to the asessments and
activities in this module should be written on an answer
sheet.)

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 What’s New

CELL POEM

Cells are small, but many

You can't live if you don't have any.

Cells are able to live on their own,

they are the smallest living thing,
But when they come together,
they can even make up a king.

Cells have many organelles,

including a nucleus with many orders to tell.

The membrane around the cell is all about

controlling what comes in and out.

What is It

Discovery of Cell

The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined

(under a coarse, compound microscope) very thin slices of cork
and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like
the walled compartments of a honeycomb. Because of this
association, Hooke called them cells, the name they still bear.
However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function.
Hooke's description of these cells (which were actually non-living
cell walls) was published in Micrographia.
Hooke’s cell observations however gave no indication of the nucleus
and other organelles found in most living cells.

The first man to witness a live cell under a

microscope was Antony van Leeuwenhoek
(although the first man to make a compound
microscope was Zacharias Janssen), who in
1674 described the algae Spirogyra and named the moving organisms
animalcules, meaning "little animals".. Leeuwenhoek probably also saw
bacteria.

Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19th century, very little cell
advancements were made. This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in

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Spontaneous Generation. (The theory of spontaneous generation states that life arose from nonliving
matter. It was a long-held belief dating back to Aristotle and the ancient Greeks).
Examples:
-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks
-Maggots from rotting meat

Much doubt existed around Spontaneous Generation until an experimentation by Francesco Redi
in the seventeenth century presented the first significant evidence refuting spontaneous
generation by showing that flies must have access to meat for maggots to develop on the meat.

However, Louis Pasteur is credited with conclusively disproving the theory of spontaneous
generation with his famous swan-neck flask experiment. He subsequently proposed that “life only
comes from life.”

Cell Theory

The Cell Theory was fueled by the invention of progressively more powerful microscopes. Viewing
the microscopic world allowed scientists to directly observe cellular structure and cellular
reproduction.
Cell Theory was developed through the observations and conclusions of several scientists in the
mid-1800's. Cell Theory is now universally accepted in the sciences.

The cell theory is made up of 3 statements:

 All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

 The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
 Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Contributors of the Cell Theory

Matthias Schleiden(1804–1881)

A botanist, Matthias Schleiden, took inventory of the

microscopic view of hundreds of plant tissues. Plant cells are
very recognizable due to their pronounced cell walls, which
gives them their characteristic brick-like shape.
Interestingly, Schleiden believed the cell walls were due to
some sort of crystallization process. We now know that the cell walls are
created in the cell division process, not crystallization

Theodor Schwann (1810–1882)

Theodore Schwann, a German physiologist, surveyed a multitude of animal

tissue samples under the microscope and made several significant
contributions to the Biological Sciences. Schwann and Schleiden realized the
stark similarities between cells of plants and cells of animals.
In 1837, Schleiden stated that new plant cells were formed from old plant cells.
Many of these observations were published in Schwann's book, Microscopical Researches
into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants,. In it he declared, "All
living things are composed of cells..." This statement is the heart of Cell Theory

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Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden were both instrumental in creating Cell Theory.

Rudolf Virchow - 1857

The Cell Theory was then expanded by Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow in
1857. He is also known as the “Father of Pathology” for his innovative
approaches, he was one of the first to determine the causes of various diseases
by examining their effects on tissues and organs. He published an editorial
essay entitled “Cellular Pathology,” which popularized the concept of cell
theory using the Latin phrase omnis cellula a cellula (“all cells arise from cells”), which is
essentially an important tenet of the cell theory

Classical Cell Theory

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)

Modern Cell Theory

Due to the advancement in technology there are additional statements to the original Cell Theory:
1. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during
cell division.
2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement,
digestion,etc)
4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles,
nucleus, plasma membrane).

Exceptions

1. Viruses are considered alive by some, yet they are not made up of cells. Viruses have
many features of life, but by definition of the cell theory, they are not alive.
2. The first cell did not originate from a pre-existing cell. There was no exact first cell since
the definition of cell is imprecise.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic material, and reproduce
independently from the rest of the cell.

How Has The Cell Theory Been Used?

The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as:
 Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell
Research, etc.)

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9
 What’s More

READING ACTIVITY
Go over and read the History of the Cell. Answer the questions that follow in your answer sheets.

Identifying Main Ideas

1. What makes it possible for scientists to discover the existence of cells?
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the small rooms that monks lived in called?
_________________________________________________________________
3. What did Hooke observe in the cork slice?
_________________________________________________________________
4. What discovery is van Leeuwenhoek noted for?
_________________________________________________________________
5. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Organizing Information

Go over and read the Cell Theory. Answer the questions that follow.

The figure below indicates events that lead up to the cell theory. Complete the table by filling in
the blank spaces.

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 What I Have Learned

Give a short and concise answer for the questions below. Write in your answer sheets.

1. A microbiologist is a scientist who studies living things and components of living things that
cannot be seen by the unaided eye. How has the work of microbiologists contributed to our
understanding of the concepts in Cell Command?

2. Cell Theory describes the three major properties of cells. List the three most important properties
of cells. Be sure to consider how cells reproduce and function in animals.

3. How did the development of the cell theory help scientists understand the way organisms’ cells
function?

What I Can Do
Reflective Writing
Write a short reflection on the hardwork of scientists to come up with the Cell Theory and what is
the impact of technological advances on the cell theory.

Assessment

Choose the correct answer for the questions below. Write your answer on your answer sheets.

1. Which of the following is NOT a premise of cell theory?

I. All cells arise from other cells.
II. All living cells require water for survival.
III. All living things are only composed of cells.
A. I only B. II only
C. I and II D. II and III

2. Cell theory states:

I. All living cells must have a cell wall.
II. All living cells require glucose for survival.
III. The basic unit of life is a cell.
A. I only B. II only
C. III only D. I and III
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3. What did Schleiden and Schwann both discover individually?
A. All livings things engage in metabolic functions.
B. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
C. All cells have organelles.
D. Spontaneous generation of cells is an incorrect theory.

4. Which of the following is a potential exception to cell theory?

A. Mitochondria B. Fungal spores
C. Amoebas D. Asexual reproduction

5. Viruses infect cells and replicate themselves by utilizing various enzymes and cellular
components of their host cell. Could you apply the same tenets of cell theory to viral replication?
A. No, viruses do not strictly adhere to cell theory because they are not living
organisms.
B. No, viruses do not strictly adhere to cell theory because viruses do not directly
come from other viruses; they require an intermediate cell to replicate.
C. Yes, viruses strictly adhere to cell theory because an individual virus is a singular cellular
unit.
D. Yes, viruses strictly adhere to cell theory because from one virus directly arises another
virus.

6. In the 19th century scientist investigates cell growth by placing boiled broth in one Erlenmeyer
flask and non-boiled broth in another flask. The scientist covered both flasks so that air could not
enter the flasks and observed the flasks for two weeks. Neither flask grew any biological matter.
From this the scientist concluded that abiogenesis or spontaneous generation was an invalid
theory. Select the best evaluation of the above experiment and conclusion.
A. Since no colonies of cells grew in either flask, the conclusion is a valid conclusion
because cells can only grow from other cells.
B. The conclusion is an invalid conclusion because the scientist did not wait long enough
for anaerobic cells to grow in the broth.
C. The conclusion is an invalid conclusion because living objects often require air to
grow regardless if their origin was spontaneous or not.
D. Since no colonies of cells grew in either flask, the conclusion is a valid
conclusion because spontaneous generation predicts that cells should grow
spontaneously.

7. Rudolph Virchow's observations helped to disprove was commonly held belief of the time?
A. evolution
B. the existence of molecules
C. spontaneous generation
D. atomic models

True or False:
1. Rudolph Virchow advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from
other cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them
a name.
3. One of the main components of the cell theory states that cells must contain DNA.
4. The invention of microscope was essential for the development of the cell theory.

12
5. Robert Hooke published the discovery of the cell in his book Micrographia.
6. All cells arise from preexisting cells. This tenet was put forward by Schwann.
7. The “theory of cell lineage” was proposed by Virchow.
8. Robert Hooke’s observation of honey comb like structural units under microscope was actually
plasma membrane.
9. All organisms have specialized cells to perform life’s functions.
10. All plant and animal cells have genetic materials.

Additional Activities
Creating History Timeline
From the Readings you have about the Cell History and Theory make your own timeline. Each
event on your timeline should include the following: The year and the name and contribution of
the scientists.

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 Lesson
General Biology I :
2 Cell Structure and Function

What’s In

Cells are considered the smallest form of life with structures and functions that are component of
living things. The human body is consist of several billion cells organized into different types each
with specific function such as taking in nutrients from food and convert it to energy, provide
structure to the body, the cell also contains hereditary material that can make copies of
themselves. Specialised function of the cell includes photosynthesis.

Notes to the Learners

This module is self – instructional and contains 2 lessons that are
interconnected with each other. If you have access to the internet
there are suggested videos to complement with the contents of this
module. You can also access our Google Classroom for additional
references. Happy learning. (All answers to the asessments and
activities in this module should be written on an answer
sheet.)

What’s New

Let’s Connect

For cells to function correctly, each part must do its job. Just like our family each member have a
task or chore to help the whole family. Make a list of your family members and their assigned
task/chore as part of the family.

14
 What is It

Cells though tiny is composed of many parts with different functions. Some of these parts,
called organelles, are specialized structures that perform certain tasks within the cell.

Cells also have different shapes and with different functions. The different types of cells below are
just a few examples of the many different shapes that cells may have. Each type of cell in the figure
has a shape that helps it do its job.

For example, the job of the nerve cell is to carry messages to other cells. The nerve cell has many
long extensions that reach out in all directions, allowing it to pass messages to many other cells
at once.

Four Common Parts of a Cell

Although cells are diverse, all cells have certain parts in common. The parts include a plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.

1. The plasma membrane (also called the cell membrane) is a thin coat of
lipids that surrounds a cell. It forms the physical boundary between the cell
and its environment, so you can think of it as the ‘‘skin’’ of the cell.

2. Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane,
other than the nucleus. Cytoplasm is made up of a watery substance called
cytosol, and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes.

3. Ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.

4. DNA is a nucleic acid found in cells. It contains the genetic

instructions that cells need to make proteins.

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Other Parts of the Cell

Chromatin
Master set of directions for making proteins. Contents
are in the form of Genes & DNA.

Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of long fibers that make
up the cell’s structural framework. The cytoskeleton
has several critical functions, including determining cell shape, participating in cell division, and
allowing cells to move. It also provides a track-like system that directs the movement of organelles
and other substances within cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous structure that contains a network of tubules
and vesicles. Its structure is such that substances can move through it and be kept in isolation
from the rest of the cell until the manufacturing processes conducted within are completed. There
are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
 The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER / granular ER) contains a combination of proteins
and enzymes. These parts of the endoplasmic reticulum contain a number of ribosomes
giving it a rough appearance. Its function is to synthesize new proteins.
 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER / agranular ER) does not have any attached
ribosomes. Its function is to synthesize different types of lipids (fats). The smooth ER also
plays a role in carbohydrate and drug metabolism

Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus packages molecules processed by the endoplasmic reticulum to be
transported out of the cell.

Lysosomes and peroxisomes

These organelles are the recycling center of the cell. They digest foreign bacteria that invade the
cell, rid the cell of toxic substances, and recycle worn-out cell components.

Microfilaments and Microtubules

Microfilaments and microtubules are rigid protein substances that form the internal skeleton of
the cell known as the cytoskeleton. Some of these microtubules also make up the centrioles and
mitotic spindles within the cell which are responsible for the division of the cytoplasm when the
cell divides. The microtubules are the central component of cilia, small hair-like projections that
protrude from the surface of certain cells. It is also the central component of specialized cilia like
the tail of the sperm cells which beats in a manner to allow the cell to move in a fluid medium.

Mitochondria
Mitochondria are complex organelles that convert energy from food into a form that the cell can
use. They have their own genetic material, separate from the DNA in the nucleus, and can make
copies of themselves.

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Nuclear Membrane
• The outer lining or wall of the nucleus. (Sometimes this is called the nuclear envelope.)

Nucleus
The nucleus serves as the cell’s command center, sending directions to the cell to grow, mature,
divide, or die. It also houses DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the cell’s hereditary material. The
nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope, which protects the DNA and
separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

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What’s More

What I Know about the Cell

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each
sentence.

Cell Structure Purpose of Cell Structure

Cell membrane 1. The cell membrane protects the inside of the cell from the
environment _______protects______________ the cell.
Cell wall 2. The cell wall protects a cell from attack by _____________.
Cell appendages 3. Cell appendages are often used for _________________.
Cytoplasm 4. Cytoplasm is a(n) _________________ inside the cell.
Cytoskeleton 5. The cytoskeleton forms a(n) ________________ inside the cell.

Nucleus 6. The nucleus is the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs all
cell activity and contains __________________.
Ribosomes 7. Important molecules made by ribosomes are
___________________.
Endoplasmic reticulum 8. An endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached is a
site of ___________________.
Mitochondria 9. Mitochondria are the sites of ___________________.
Chloroplasts 10. Chloroplasts process light energy, water, and carbon
dioxide to make __________________and release oxygen.
Golgi apparatus 11. The Golgi apparatus prepares proteins for _____________.

Vesicles 12. Vesicles ___________________to other areas of a cell.

Vacuoles 13. Vacuoles store food, water, and .

17
 What I Have Learned

Match and Explain

From the following list of organelles which is not matched with its corresponding function? Write
a short explanation why you think the pair is not a match.
a. Ribosome, protein synthesis
b. Nucleolus, ribosome production
c. Golgi apparatus, sugar synthesis
d. Nucleus, DNA replication
e. Chloroplasts, photosynthesis

What I Can Do

Science Journal
Imagine that you are small enough to fit inside a cell. Describe what you think you might observe
while you are there.

Assessment

Answer the following questions in your answer sheets.

1. The cell part that controls most of the cell's activities and contains the cell’s DNA is the .
a. nucleus b. vacuole
c. cytoplasm d. centriole
2. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs?
a. mitochondria and cell wall
b. ribosomes and cell membrane
c. mitochondria and chloroplasts
d. nucleus and vacuole
3. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs?
a. cell wall and centriole
b. chloroplasts and vacuoles
c. cell membrane and nuclear membrane
d. chloroplasts and nucleolus
4. The main function of the cell wall is to
a. direct the activities of the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. support and protect the cell.
d. help the cell move.
5. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
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 a. stores DNA
b. controls most of the cell’s processes
c. contains the information needed to make proteins
d. all of the above
6. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. helps a cell keep its shape
b. contains DNA
c. surrounds the cell
d. helps make proteins
7. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. ribosome
8. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
9. _______________i. Jelly-like material found in the cell. Contains organelles & where most cell
processes take place.
________________ii. Acts as cell’s clean up crew by digesting worn out organelles & viruses.
________________iii. Stores water, food, & other molecules. Oversized in plants to enable them to
support flowers & leaves.
_________________iv. Acts like transportation system by modifying & exporting materials. Has 2
forms, smooth & rough.
_________________v. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Lysosomes
d. Vacuole
e. Cytoplasm
10. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s outer boundary and regulates what goes
in & out
of the cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast
d. nuclear membrane
11. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
a. enables cell to move
b. manufactures food
c. processes energy
d. regulates the interaction of the cell with its environment
12. Which of the following cell organelles makes ribosomes?
a. nucleus
b. nucleolus
c. Golgi body
d. centriole
13. What is the primary structural difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum?

19
 a. The letter "S" and the letter "R"
b. Well done dermabrasion (a way to smooth skin)
c. The presence or absence of DNA
d. The presence or absence of ribosomes
14. Synthesis of lipids occurs in which major organelle?
a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. Chloroplasts
d. Mitochondria
15. The ____________________ transports materials inside an animal cell.
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. cell wall
d. cytoskeleton

Additional Activities
Cell City Analogy

Instructions:

1. Read the story below.

2. Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell.

3. Draw your own Cell City analogy you can use the story given or make your own environment.
Ex. Cell City Analogy inside an aquarium

In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product is the steel
widget. Everyone in the town has something to do with steel widget making and the entire town is
designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the instructions for widget making,
widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin
making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city, these
small shops can be built by the carpenter's union (whose headquarters are in town hall).

After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widget
anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal
office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn out
right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or destroyed
altogether. The town powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam that is in the city.
The entire city is enclosed by a large wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and citizens with proper
passports) are allowed outside the city.

1. Mitochondria ______________________

2. Ribosomes ______________________

3. Nucleus _____________________

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum ______________________

5. Golgi Apparatus __________________________

6. Protein ____________________
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7. Cell Membrane __________________________

8. Lysosomes ________________________

9. Nucleolus _______________________________

RUBRIC FOR GRADING CELL CITY ANALOGY

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References

https://www.amazon.com/Colorful-Academic-Science-Elements-Cartoon/dp/B07K9YNZPT
image
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/preview?c=wydc8bpc&s=nyu4pt
http://orangegroupbiology.blogspot.com/2012/01/13-cell-poem.html
https://biologydictionary.net/cell-theory-founder-contributors/
http://www.scientistcindy.com/cell-theory.html
https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/wp content/uploads/2010/11/Wiki-Cell-
Theory.pdf
https://www.houstonisd.org/cms/lib2/TX01001591/Centricity/Domain/26047/The%20Cell%20Theory.pdf
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/spontaneous-generation/
https://www.henhudschools.org/cms/lib/NY01813707/Centricity/Domain/1390/HW%2012%20-
%20Cell%20Theory%20I.pdf
https://www.filamentlearning.com/cell-command-lesson-1-cell-theory
https://www.ck12.org/biology/parts-of-the-cell/lesson/Common-Parts-of-the-Cell-BIO/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology1/chapter/reading-dna-and-chromosomes/
https://www.simeonca.org/ourpages/auto/2017/2/6/42998832/Human%20Cell%20Diagram%20and%20
Sickle%20Cell.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiw
ODvwMXrAhX8y4sBHX9wDQkQFjAVegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Folms.cte.jhu.edu%2Folms2%2Fdata%
2Fck%2Fsites%2F1943%2Ffiles%2FCell%2520City%2520Worksheet%2520Answer%2520Key.pdf&usg=AOv
Vaw0Sxcspsa9m8xVX555hAdLR
http://mrvobiology.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/7/9/58796707/cell_city_project.pdf

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Tagbilaran City Schools Division

Office Address: Rajah Sikatuna St Dampas District

Tagbilaran City

Telephone No: (038) 427 – 1702

(038) 427 – 2506
(038) 422 – 8177
(038) 544 - 2147

Email Address: [email protected]

[email protected]

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