IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!

Exam : Professional-Machine-
Learning-Engineer

Title : Google Professional Machine

Learning Engineer

Vendor : Google

Version : V12.75

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 IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!

NO.1 You have been asked to develop an input pipeline for an ML training model that processes
images from disparate sources at a low latency. You discover that your input data does not fit in
memory. How should you create a dataset following Google-recommended best practices?
A. Create a tf.data.Dataset.prefetch transformation
B. Convert the images to tf .Tensor Objects, and then run Dataset. from_tensor_slices{).
C. Convert the images to tf .Tensor Objects, and then run tf. data. Dataset. from_tensors ().
D. Convert the images Into TFRecords, store the images in Cloud Storage, and then use the tf. data
API to read the images for training
Answer: B

NO.2 You are an ML engineer at a bank that has a mobile application. Management has asked you to
build an ML-based biometric authentication for the app that verifies a customer's identity based on
their fingerprint. Fingerprints are considered highly sensitive personal information and cannot be
downloaded and stored into the bank databases. Which learning strategy should you recommend to
train and deploy this ML model?
A. Differential privacy
B. Federated learning
C. MD5 to encrypt data
D. Data Loss Prevention API
Answer: B

NO.3 You are developing a Kubeflow pipeline on Google Kubernetes Engine. The first step in the
pipeline is to issue a query against BigQuery. You plan to use the results of that query as the input to
the next step in your pipeline. You want to achieve this in the easiest way possible. What should you
do?
A. Use the BigQuery console to execute your query and then save the query results Into a new
BigQuery table.
B. Write a Python script that uses the BigQuery API to execute queries against BigQuery Execute this
script as the first step in your Kubeflow pipeline
C. Use the Kubeflow Pipelines domain-specific language to create a custom component that uses the
Python BigQuery client library to execute queries
D. Locate the Kubeflow Pipelines repository on GitHub Find the BigQuery Query Component, copy
that component's URL, and use it to load the component into your pipeline. Use the component to
execute queries against BigQuery
Answer: A

NO.4 You are training a Resnet model on Al Platform using TPUs to visually categorize types of
defects in automobile engines. You capture the training profile using the Cloud TPU profiler plugin
and observe that it is highly input-bound. You want to reduce the bottleneck and speed up your
model training process. Which modifications should you make to the tf .data dataset?
Choose 2 answers
A. Use the interleave option for reading data
B. Reduce the value of the repeat parameter
C. Increase the buffer size for the shuffle option.

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D. Set the prefetch option equal to the training batch size

E. Decrease the batch size argument in your transformation
Answer: A,E

NO.5 You are an ML engineer at a large grocery retailer with stores in multiple regions. You have
been asked to create an inventory prediction model. Your models features include region, location,
historical demand, and seasonal popularity. You want the algorithm to learn from new inventory data
on a daily basis. Which algorithms should you use to build the model?
A. Classification
B. Reinforcement Learning
C. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
D. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
Answer: B

NO.6 You have a demand forecasting pipeline in production that uses Dataflow to preprocess raw
data prior to model training and prediction. During preprocessing, you employ Z-score normalization
on data stored in BigQuery and write it back to BigQuery. New training data is added every week. You
want to make the process more efficient by minimizing computation time and manual intervention.
What should you do?
A. Normalize the data using Google Kubernetes Engine
B. Translate the normalization algorithm into SQL for use with BigQuery
C. Use the normalizer_fn argument in TensorFlow's Feature Column API
D. Normalize the data with Apache Spark using the Dataproc connector for BigQuery
Answer: B

NO.7 You built and manage a production system that is responsible for predicting sales numbers.
Model accuracy is crucial, because the production model is required to keep up with market changes.
Since being deployed to production, the model hasn't changed; however the accuracy of the model
has steadily deteriorated. What issue is most likely causing the steady decline in model accuracy?
A. Poor data quality
B. Lack of model retraining
C. Too few layers in the model for capturing information
D. Incorrect data split ratio during model training, evaluation, validation, and test
Answer: D

NO.8 During batch training of a neural network, you notice that there is an oscillation in the loss.
How should you adjust your model to ensure that it converges?
A. Increase the size of the training batch
B. Decrease the size of the training batch
C. Increase the learning rate hyperparameter
D. Decrease the learning rate hyperparameter
Answer: C

NO.9 You have written unit tests for a Kubeflow Pipeline that require custom libraries. You want to

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automate the execution of unit tests with each new push to your development branch in Cloud
Source Repositories. What should you do?
A. Write a script that sequentially performs the push to your development branch and executes the
unit tests on Cloud Run
B. Using Cloud Build, set an automated trigger to execute the unit tests when changes are pushed to
your development branch.
C. Set up a Cloud Logging sink to a Pub/Sub topic that captures interactions with Cloud Source
Repositories Configure a Pub/Sub trigger for Cloud Run, and execute the unit tests on Cloud Run.
D. Set up a Cloud Logging sink to a Pub/Sub topic that captures interactions with Cloud Source
Repositories. Execute the unit tests using a Cloud Function that is triggered when messages are sent
to the Pub/Sub topic
Answer: B

NO.10 You are building an ML model to detect anomalies in real-time sensor dat a. You will use
Pub/Sub to handle incoming requests. You want to store the results for analytics and visualization.
How should you configure the pipeline?

A. 1 = Dataflow, 2 - Al Platform, 3 = BigQuery

B. 1 = DataProc, 2 = AutoML, 3 = Cloud Bigtable
C. 1 = BigQuery, 2 = AutoML, 3 = Cloud Functions
D. 1 = BigQuery, 2 = Al Platform, 3 = Cloud Storage
Answer: C

NO.11 You recently joined a machine learning team that will soon release a new project. As a lead
on the project, you are asked to determine the production readiness of the ML components. The
team has already tested features and data, model development, and infrastructure. Which additional
readiness check should you recommend to the team?
A. Ensure that training is reproducible
B. Ensure that all hyperparameters are tuned
C. Ensure that model performance is monitored
D. Ensure that feature expectations are captured in the schema
Answer: A

NO.12 You developed an ML model with Al Platform, and you want to move it to production. You
serve a few thousand queries per second and are experiencing latency issues. Incoming requests are
served by a load balancer that distributes them across multiple Kubeflow CPU-only pods running on
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Your goal is to improve the serving latency without changing the
underlying infrastructure. What should you do?
A. Significantly increase the max_batch_size TensorFlow Serving parameter

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B. Switch to the tensorflow-model-server-universal version of TensorFlow Serving

C. Significantly increase the max_enqueued_batches TensorFlow Serving parameter
D. Recompile TensorFlow Serving using the source to support CPU-specific optimizations Instruct GKE
to choose an appropriate baseline minimum CPU platform for serving nodes
Answer: D

NO.13 Your team is working on an NLP research project to predict political affiliation of authors
based on articles they have written. You have a large training dataset that is structured like this:

A)

B)

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C)

D)

A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Answer: C

NO.14 You work for a public transportation company and need to build a model to estimate delay
times for multiple transportation routes. Predictions are served directly to users in an app in real
time. Because different seasons and population increases impact the data relevance, you will retrain
the model every month. You want to follow Google-recommended best practices. How should you
configure the end-to-end architecture of the predictive model?
A. Configure Kubeflow Pipelines to schedule your multi-step workflow from training to deploying
your model.
B. Use a model trained and deployed on BigQuery ML and trigger retraining with the scheduled
query feature in BigQuery
C. Write a Cloud Functions script that launches a training and deploying job on Ai Platform that is
triggered by Cloud Scheduler
D. Use Cloud Composer to programmatically schedule a Dataflow job that executes the workflow
from training to deploying your model
Answer: A

NO.15 You are building a linear regression model on BigQuery ML to predict a customer's likelihood
of purchasing your company's products. Your model uses a city name variable as a key predictive
component. In order to train and serve the model, your data must be organized in columns. You want
to prepare your data using the least amount of coding while maintaining the predictable variables.
What should you do?
A. Create a new view with BigQuery that does not include a column with city information
B. Use Dataprep to transform the state column using a one-hot encoding method, and make each
city a column with binary values.

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C. Use Cloud Data Fusion to assign each city to a region labeled as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5r and then use that
number to represent the city in the model.
D. Use TensorFlow to create a categorical variable with a vocabulary list Create the vocabulary file,
and upload it as part of your model to BigQuery ML.
Answer: C

NO.16 You are responsible for building a unified analytics environment across a variety of on-
premises data marts. Your company is experiencing data quality and security challenges when
integrating data across the servers, caused by the use of a wide range of disconnected tools and
temporary solutions. You need a fully managed, cloud-native data integration service that will lower
the total cost of work and reduce repetitive work. Some members on your team prefer a codeless
interface for building Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process. Which service should you use?
A. Dataflow
B. Dataprep
C. Apache Flink
D. Cloud Data Fusion
Answer: D

NO.17 Your team has been tasked with creating an ML solution in Google Cloud to classify support
requests for one of your platforms. You analyzed the requirements and decided to use TensorFlow to
build the classifier so that you have full control of the model's code, serving, and deployment. You
will use Kubeflow pipelines for the ML platform. To save time, you want to build on existing resources
and use managed services instead of building a completely new model. How should you build the
classifier?
A. Use the Natural Language API to classify support requests
B. Use AutoML Natural Language to build the support requests classifier
C. Use an established text classification model on Al Platform to perform transfer learning
D. Use an established text classification model on Al Platform as-is to classify support requests
Answer: D

NO.18 You need to train a computer vision model that predicts the type of government ID present in
a given image using a GPU-powered virtual machine on Compute Engine. You use the following
parameters:
* Optimizer: SGD
* Image shape = 224x224
* Batch size = 64
* Epochs = 10
* Verbose = 2
During training you encounter the following error: ResourceExhaustedError: out of Memory (oom)
when allocating tensor. What should you do?
A. Change the optimizer
B. Reduce the batch size
C. Change the learning rate
D. Reduce the image shape

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Answer: B

NO.19 You have trained a model on a dataset that required computationally expensive
preprocessing operations. You need to execute the same preprocessing at prediction time. You
deployed the model on Al Platform for high-throughput online prediction. Which architecture should
you use?
A. * Validate the accuracy of the model that you trained on preprocessed data
* Create a new model that uses the raw data and is available in real time
* Deploy the new model onto Al Platform for online prediction
B. * Send incoming prediction requests to a Pub/Sub topic
* Transform the incoming data using a Dataflow job
* Submit a prediction request to Al Platform using the transformed data
* Write the predictions to an outbound Pub/Sub queue
C. * Stream incoming prediction request data into Cloud Spanner
* Create a view to abstract your preprocessing logic.
* Query the view every second for new records
* Submit a prediction request to Al Platform using the transformed data
* Write the predictions to an outbound Pub/Sub queue.
D. * Send incoming prediction requests to a Pub/Sub topic
* Set up a Cloud Function that is triggered when messages are published to the Pub/Sub topic.
* Implement your preprocessing logic in the Cloud Function
* Submit a prediction request to Al Platform using the transformed data
* Write the predictions to an outbound Pub/Sub queue
Answer: D

NO.20 Your data science team needs to rapidly experiment with various features, model
architectures, and hyperparameters. They need to track the accuracy metrics for various experiments
and use an API to query the metrics over time. What should they use to track and report their
experiments while minimizing manual effort?
A. Use Kubeflow Pipelines to execute the experiments Export the metrics file, and query the results
using the Kubeflow Pipelines API.
B. Use Al Platform Training to execute the experiments Write the accuracy metrics to BigQuery, and
query the results using the BigQueryAPI.
C. Use Al Platform Training to execute the experiments Write the accuracy metrics to Cloud
Monitoring, and query the results using the Monitoring API.
D. Use Al Platform Notebooks to execute the experiments. Collect the results in a shared Google
Sheets file, and query the results using the Google Sheets API
Answer: B

NO.21 You are an ML engineer at a regulated insurance company. You are asked to develop an
insurance approval model that accepts or rejects insurance applications from potential customers.
What factors should you consider before building the model?
A. Redaction, reproducibility, and explainability
B. Traceability, reproducibility, and explainability

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C. Federated learning, reproducibility, and explainability

D. Differential privacy federated learning, and explainability
Answer: A

NO.22 You are an ML engineer at a global shoe store. You manage the ML models for the company's
website. You are asked to build a model that will recommend new products to the user based on
their purchase behavior and similarity with other users. What should you do?
A. Build a classification model
B. Build a knowledge-based filtering model
C. Build a collaborative-based filtering model
D. Build a regression model using the features as predictors
Answer: C

NO.23 Your team needs to build a model that predicts whether images contain a driver's license,
passport, or credit card. The data engineering team already built the pipeline and generated a
dataset composed of 10,000 images with driver's licenses, 1,000 images with passports, and 1,000
images with credit cards. You now have to train a model with the following label map:
['driversjicense', 'passport', 'credit_card']. Which loss function should you use?
A. Categorical hinge
B. Binary cross-entropy
C. Categorical cross-entropy
D. Sparse categorical cross-entropy
Answer: D
Explanation:
se sparse_categorical_crossentropy. Examples for above 3-class classification problem: [1] , [2], [3]

NO.24 You are going to train a DNN regression model with Keras APIs using this code:

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How many trainable weights does your model have? (The arithmetic below is correct.)
A. 501*256+257*128+2 = 161154
B. 500*256+256*128+128*2 = 161024
C. 501*256+257*128+128*2=161408
D. 500*256*0 25+256*128*0 25+128*2 = 40448
Answer: D

NO.25 You have trained a text classification model in TensorFlow using Al Platform. You want to use
the trained model for batch predictions on text data stored in BigQuery while minimizing
computational overhead. What should you do?

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A. Export the model to BigQuery ML.

B. Deploy and version the model on Al Platform.
C. Use Dataflow with the SavedModel to read the data from BigQuery
D. Submit a batch prediction job on Al Platform that points to the model location in Cloud Storage.
Answer: A

NO.26 You are an ML engineer in the contact center of a large enterprise. You need to build a
sentiment analysis tool that predicts customer sentiment from recorded phone conversations. You
need to identify the best approach to building a model while ensuring that the gender, age, and
cultural differences of the customers who called the contact center do not impact any stage of the
model development pipeline and results. What should you do?
A. Convert the speech to text and extract sentiments based on the sentences
B. Convert the speech to text and extract sentiment using syntactical analysis
C. Extract sentiment directly from the voice recordings
D. Convert the speech to text and build a model based on the words
Answer: A

NO.27 You work on a growing team of more than 50 data scientists who all use AI Platform. You are
designing a strategy to organize your jobs, models, and versions in a clean and scalable way. Which
strategy should you choose?
A. Set up restrictive IAM permissions on the AI Platform notebooks so that only a single user or group
can access a given instance.
B. Separate each data scientist's work into a different project to ensure that the jobs, models, and
versions created by each data scientist are accessible only to that user.
C. Use labels to organize resources into descriptive categories. Apply a label to each created resource
so that users can filter the results by label when viewing or monitoring the resources.
D. Set up a BigQuery sink for Cloud Logging logs that is appropriately filtered to capture information
about AI Platform resource usage. In BigQuery, create a SQL view that maps users to the resources
they are using
Answer: A

NO.28 You need to build classification workflows over several structured datasets currently stored in
BigQuery. Because you will be performing the classification several times, you want to complete the
following steps without writing code: exploratory data analysis, feature selection, model building,
training, and hyperparameter tuning and serving. What should you do?
A. Configure AutoML Tables to perform the classification task
B. Run a BigQuery ML task to perform logistic regression for the classification
C. Use Al Platform Notebooks to run the classification model with pandas library
D. Use Al Platform to run the classification model job configured for hyperparameter tuning
Answer: B
Explanation:
BigQuery ML supports supervised learning with the logistic regression model type.

NO.29 You work for a credit card company and have been asked to create a custom fraud detection

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model based on historical data using AutoML Tables. You need to prioritize detection of fraudulent
transactions while minimizing false positives. Which optimization objective should you use when
training the model?
A. An optimization objective that minimizes Log loss
B. An optimization objective that maximizes the Precision at a Recall value of 0.50
C. An optimization objective that maximizes the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC PR) value
D. An optimization objective that maximizes the area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve (AUC ROC) value
Answer: C

NO.30 You work for a large hotel chain and have been asked to assist the marketing team in
gathering predictions for a targeted marketing strategy. You need to make predictions about user
lifetime value (LTV) over the next 30 days so that marketing can be adjusted accordingly. The
customer dataset is in BigQuery, and you are preparing the tabular data for training with AutoML
Tables. This data has a time signal that is spread across multiple columns. How should you ensure
that AutoML fits the best model to your data?
A. Manually combine all columns that contain a time signal into an array Allow AutoML to interpret
this array appropriately Choose an automatic data split across the training, validation, and testing
sets
B. Submit the data for training without performing any manual transformations Allow AutoML to
handle the appropriate transformations Choose an automatic data split across the training,
validation, and testing sets
C. Submit the data for training without performing any manual transformations, and indicate an
appropriate column as the Time column Allow AutoML to split your data based on the time signal
provided, and reserve the more recent data for the validation and testing sets
D. Submit the data for training without performing any manual transformations Use the columns
that have a time signal to manually split your data Ensure that the data in your validation set is from
30 days after the data in your training set and that the data in your testing set is from 30 days after
your validation set
Answer: D

NO.31 Your company manages a video sharing website where users can watch and upload videos.
You need to create an ML model to predict which newly uploaded videos will be the most popular so
that those videos can be prioritized on your company's website.
Which result should you use to determine whether the model is successful?
A. The model predicts videos as popular if the user who uploads them has over 10,000 likes.
B. The model predicts 97.5% of the most popular clickbait videos measured by number of clicks.
C. The model predicts 95% of the most popular videos measured by watch time within 30 days of
being uploaded.
D. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the log-transformed number of views after 7 days
and 30 days after publication is equal to 0.
Answer: C

NO.32 You have deployed multiple versions of an image classification model on Al Platform. You

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want to monitor the performance of the model versions overtime. How should you perform this
comparison?
A. Compare the loss performance for each model on a held-out dataset.
B. Compare the loss performance for each model on the validation data
C. Compare the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each model using the What-lf Tool
D. Compare the mean average precision across the models using the Continuous Evaluation feature
Answer: B

NO.33 You work on a growing team of more than 50 data scientists who all use Al Platform. You are
designing a strategy to organize your jobs, models, and versions in a clean and scalable way. Which
strategy should you choose?
A. Set up restrictive I AM permissions on the Al Platform notebooks so that only a single user or
group can access a given instance.
B. Separate each data scientist's work into a different project to ensure that the jobs, models, and
versions created by each data scientist are accessible only to that user.
C. Use labels to organize resources into descriptive categories. Apply a label to each created resource
so that users can filter the results by label when viewing or monitoring the resources
D. Set up a BigQuery sink for Cloud Logging logs that is appropriately filtered to capture information
about Al Platform resource usage In BigQuery create a SQL view that maps users to the resources
they are using.
Answer: B

NO.34 You are developing ML models with Al Platform for image segmentation on CT scans. You
frequently update your model architectures based on the newest available research papers, and have
to rerun training on the same dataset to benchmark their performance. You want to minimize
computation costs and manual intervention while having version control for your code. What should
you do?
A. Use Cloud Functions to identify changes to your code in Cloud Storage and trigger a retraining job
B. Use the gcloud command-line tool to submit training jobs on Al Platform when you update your
code
C. Use Cloud Build linked with Cloud Source Repositories to trigger retraining when new code is
pushed to the repository
D. Create an automated workflow in Cloud Composer that runs daily and looks for changes in code in
Cloud Storage using a sensor.
Answer: B

NO.35 You are training a TensorFlow model on a structured data set with 100 billion records stored
in several CSV files. You need to improve the input/output execution performance. What should you
do?
A. Load the data into BigQuery and read the data from BigQuery.
B. Load the data into Cloud Bigtable, and read the data from Bigtable
C. Convert the CSV files into shards of TFRecords, and store the data in Cloud Storage
D. Convert the CSV files into shards of TFRecords, and store the data in the Hadoop Distributed File
System (HDFS)

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Answer: B

NO.36 You work with a data engineering team that has developed a pipeline to clean your dataset
and save it in a Cloud Storage bucket. You have created an ML model and want to use the data to
refresh your model as soon as new data is available. As part of your CI/CD workflow, you want to
automatically run a Kubeflow Pipelines training job on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). How should
you architect this workflow?
A. Configure your pipeline with Dataflow, which saves the files in Cloud Storage After the file is
saved, start the training job on a GKE cluster
B. Use App Engine to create a lightweight python client that continuously polls Cloud Storage for new
files As soon as a file arrives, initiate the training job
C. Configure a Cloud Storage trigger to send a message to a Pub/Sub topic when a new file is
available in a storage bucket. Use a Pub/Sub-triggered Cloud Function to start the training job on a
GKE cluster
D. Use Cloud Scheduler to schedule jobs at a regular interval. For the first step of the job. check the
timestamp of objects in your Cloud Storage bucket If there are no new files since the last run, abort
the job.
Answer: C

NO.37 You are an ML engineer at a global car manufacturer. You need to build an ML model to
predict car sales in different cities around the world. Which features or feature crosses should you
use to train city-specific relationships between car type and number of sales?
A. Three individual features binned latitude, binned longitude, and one-hot encoded car type
B. One feature obtained as an element-wise product between latitude, longitude, and car type
C. One feature obtained as an element-wise product between binned latitude, binned longitude, and
one-hot encoded car type
D. Two feature crosses as a element-wise product the first between binned latitude and one-hot
encoded car type, and the second between binned longitude and one-hot encoded car type
Answer: C

NO.38 Your organization wants to make its internal shuttle service route more efficient. The shuttles
currently stop at all pick-up points across the city every 30 minutes between 7 am and 10 am. The
development team has already built an application on Google Kubernetes Engine that requires users
to confirm their presence and shuttle station one day in advance. What approach should you take?
A. 1. Build a tree-based regression model that predicts how many passengers will be picked up at
each shuttle station.
2. Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the
prediction.
B. 1. Build a tree-based classification model that predicts whether the shuttle should pick up
passengers at each shuttle station.
2. Dispatch an available shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the prediction
C. 1. Define the optimal route as the shortest route that passes by all shuttle stations with confirmed
attendance at the given time under capacity constraints.
2 Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and indicate the required stops on the map

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D. 1. Build a reinforcement learning model with tree-based classification models that predict the
presence of passengers at shuttle stops as agents and a reward function around a distance-based
metric
2. Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the
simulated outcome.
Answer: A

NO.39 You work for a toy manufacturer that has been experiencing a large increase in demand. You
need to build an ML model to reduce the amount of time spent by quality control inspectors checking
for product defects. Faster defect detection is a priority. The factory does not have reliable Wi-Fi.
Your company wants to implement the new ML model as soon as possible. Which model should you
use?
A. AutoML Vision model
B. AutoML Vision Edge mobile-versatile-1 model
C. AutoML Vision Edge mobile-low-latency-1 model
D. AutoML Vision Edge mobile-high-accuracy-1 model
Answer: A

NO.40 Your team trained and tested a DNN regression model with good results. Six months after
deployment, the model is performing poorly due to a change in the distribution of the input dat a.
How should you address the input differences in production?
A. Create alerts to monitor for skew, and retrain the model.
B. Perform feature selection on the model, and retrain the model with fewer features
C. Retrain the model, and select an L2 regularization parameter with a hyperparameter tuning
service
D. Perform feature selection on the model, and retrain the model on a monthly basis with fewer
features
Answer: C

NO.41 You are building a real-time prediction engine that streams files which may contain Personally
Identifiable Information (Pll) to Google Cloud. You want to use the Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
API to scan the files. How should you ensure that the Pll is not accessible by unauthorized
individuals?
A. Stream all files to Google CloudT and then write the data to BigQuery Periodically conduct a bulk
scan of the table using the DLP API.
B. Stream all files to Google Cloud, and write batches of the data to BigQuery While the data is being
written to BigQuery conduct a bulk scan of the data using the DLP API.
C. Create two buckets of data Sensitive and Non-sensitive Write all data to the Non-sensitive bucket
Periodically conduct a bulk scan of that bucket using the DLP API, and move the sensitive data to the
Sensitive bucket
D. Create three buckets of data: Quarantine, Sensitive, and Non-sensitive Write all data to the
Quarantine bucket.
E. Periodically conduct a bulk scan of that bucket using the DLP API, and move the data to either the
Sensitive or Non-Sensitive bucket

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Answer: A

NO.42 You work for a social media company. You need to detect whether posted images contain
cars. Each training example is a member of exactly one class. You have trained an object detection
neural network and deployed the model version to Al Platform Prediction for evaluation. Before
deployment, you created an evaluation job and attached it to the Al Platform Prediction model
version. You notice that the precision is lower than your business requirements allow. How should
you adjust the model's final layer softmax threshold to increase precision?
A. Increase the recall
B. Decrease the recall.
C. Increase the number of false positives
D. Decrease the number of false negatives
Answer: D

NO.43 You work for an advertising company and want to understand the effectiveness of your
company's latest advertising campaign. You have streamed 500 MB of campaign data into BigQuery.
You want to query the table, and then manipulate the results of that query with a pandas dataframe
in an Al Platform notebook. What should you do?
A. Use Al Platform Notebooks' BigQuery cell magic to query the data, and ingest the results as a
pandas dataframe
B. Export your table as a CSV file from BigQuery to Google Drive, and use the Google Drive API to
ingest the file into your notebook instance
C. Download your table from BigQuery as a local CSV file, and upload it to your Al Platform notebook
instance Use pandas. read_csv to ingest the file as a pandas dataframe
D. From a bash cell in your Al Platform notebook, use the bq extract command to export the table as
a CSV file to Cloud Storage, and then use gsutii cp to copy the data into the notebook Use pandas.
read_csv to ingest the file as a pandas dataframe
Answer: C

NO.44 You manage a team of data scientists who use a cloud-based backend system to submit
training jobs. This system has become very difficult to administer, and you want to use a managed
service instead. The data scientists you work with use many different frameworks, including Keras,
PyTorch, theano. Scikit-team, and custom libraries. What should you do?
A. Use the Al Platform custom containers feature to receive training jobs using any framework
B. Configure Kubeflow to run on Google Kubernetes Engine and receive training jobs through TFJob
C. Create a library of VM images on Compute Engine; and publish these images on a centralized
repository
D. Set up Slurm workload manager to receive jobs that can be scheduled to run on your cloud
infrastructure.
Answer: D

NO.45 You work for a large technology company that wants to modernize their contact center. You
have been asked to develop a solution to classify incoming calls by product so that requests can be
more quickly routed to the correct support team. You have already transcribed the calls using the

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Speech-to-Text API. You want to minimize data preprocessing and development time. How should
you build the model?
A. Use the Al Platform Training built-in algorithms to create a custom model
B. Use AutoML Natural Language to extract custom entities for classification
C. Use the Cloud Natural Language API to extract custom entities for classification
D. Build a custom model to identify the product keywords from the transcribed calls, and then run
the keywords through a classification algorithm
Answer: A

NO.46 You started working on a classification problem with time series data and achieved an area
under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) value of 99% for training data after just a
few experiments. You haven't explored using any sophisticated algorithms or spent any time on
hyperparameter tuning. What should your next step be to identify and fix the problem?
A. Address the model overfitting by using a less complex algorithm.
B. Address data leakage by applying nested cross-validation during model training.
C. Address data leakage by removing features highly correlated with the target value.
D. Address the model overfitting by tuning the hyperparameters to reduce the AUC ROC value.
Answer: B

NO.47 Your organization's call center has asked you to develop a model that analyzes customer
sentiments in each call. The call center receives over one million calls daily, and data is stored in
Cloud Storage. The data collected must not leave the region in which the call originated, and no
Personally Identifiable Information (Pll) can be stored or analyzed. The data science team has a third-
party tool for visualization and access which requires a SQL ANSI-2011 compliant interface. You need
to select components for data processing and for analytics. How should the data pipeline be
designed?

A. 1 = Dataflow, 2 = BigQuery
B. 1 = Pub/Sub, 2 = Datastore
C. 1 = Dataflow, 2 = Cloud SQL
D. 1 = Cloud Function, 2 = Cloud SQL
Answer: B

NO.48 You recently joined an enterprise-scale company that has thousands of datasets. You know
that there are accurate descriptions for each table in BigQuery, and you are searching for the proper

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BigQuery table to use for a model you are building on AI Platform. How should you find the data that
you need?
A. Use Data Catalog to search the BigQuery datasets by using keywords in the table description.
B. Tag each of your model and version resources on AI Platform with the name of the BigQuery table
that was used for training.
C. Maintain a lookup table in BigQuery that maps the table descriptions to the table ID. Query the
lookup table to find the correct table ID for the data that you need.
D. Execute a query in BigQuery to retrieve all the existing table names in your project using the
INFORMATION_SCHEMA metadata tables that are native to BigQuery. Use the result o find the table
that you need.
Answer: B

NO.49 You are developing models to classify customer support emails. You created models with
TensorFlow Estimators using small datasets on your on-premises system, but you now need to train
the models using large datasets to ensure high performance. You will port your models to Google
Cloud and want to minimize code refactoring and infrastructure overhead for easier migration from
on-prem to cloud. What should you do?
A. Use Al Platform for distributed training
B. Create a cluster on Dataproc for training
C. Create a Managed Instance Group with autoscaling
D. Use Kubeflow Pipelines to train on a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster.
Answer: C

NO.50 You are working on a Neural Network-based project. The dataset provided to you has
columns with different ranges. While preparing the data for model training, you discover that
gradient optimization is having difficulty moving weights to a good solution. What should you do?
A. Use feature construction to combine the strongest features.
B. Use the representation transformation (normalization) technique.
C. Improve the data cleaning step by removing features with missing values.
D. Change the partitioning step to reduce the dimension of the test set and have a larger training set.
Answer: C

NO.51 You are designing an architecture with a serveress ML system to enrich customer support
tickets with informative metadata before they are routed to a support agent. You need a set of
models to predict ticket priority, predict ticket resolution time, and perform sentiment analysis to
help agents make strategic decisions when they process support requests. Tickets are not expected
to have any domain-specific terms or jargon.
The proposed architecture has the following flow:

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Which endpoints should the Enrichment Cloud Functions call?

A. 1 = Al Platform, 2 = Al Platform, 3 = AutoML Vision
B. 1 = Al Platform, 2 = Al Platform, 3 = AutoML Natural Language
C. 1 = Al Platform, 2 = Al Platform, 3 = Cloud Natural Language API
D. 1 = cloud Natural Language API, 2 = Al Platform, 3 = Cloud Vision API
Answer: B

NO.52 You have trained a deep neural network model on Google Cloud. The model has low loss on
the training data, but is performing worse on the validation dat a. You want the model to be resilient
to overfitting. Which strategy should you use when retraining the model?
A. Apply a dropout parameter of 0 2, and decrease the learning rate by a factor of 10
B. Apply a 12 regularization parameter of 0.4, and decrease the learning rate by a factor of 10.
C. Run a hyperparameter tuning job on Al Platform to optimize for the L2 regularization and dropout
parameters
D. Run a hyperparameter tuning job on Al Platform to optimize for the learning rate, and increase the
number of neurons by a factor of 2.
Answer: D

NO.53 You are training an LSTM-based model on Al Platform to summarize text using the following
job submission script:

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You want to ensure that training time is minimized without significantly compromising the accuracy
of your model. What should you do?
A. Modify the 'epochs' parameter
B. Modify the 'scale-tier' parameter
C. Modify the batch size' parameter
D. Modify the 'learning rate' parameter
Answer: C

NO.54 You are training a deep learning model for semantic image segmentation with reduced
training time. While using a Deep Learning VM Image, you receive the following error: The resource
'projects/deeplearning-platforn/zones/europe-west4-c/acceleratorTypes/nvidia-tesla-k80' was not
found. What should you do?
A. Ensure that you have GPU quota in the selected region.
B. Ensure that the required GPU is available in the selected region.
C. Ensure that you have preemptible GPU quota in the selected region.
D. Ensure that the selected GPU has enough GPU memory for the workload.
Answer: A

NO.55 You work for a credit card company and have been asked to create a custom fraud detection
model based on historical data using AutoML Tables. You need to prioritize detection of fraudulent
transactions while minimizing false positives. Which optimization objective should you use when
training the model?
A. An optimization objective that minimizes Log loss
B. An optimization objective that maximizes the Precision at a Recall value of 0.50
C. An optimization objective that maximizes the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC PR) value
D. An optimization objective that maximizes the area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve (AUC ROC) value
Answer: C

NO.56 You have a functioning end-to-end ML pipeline that involves tuning the hyperparameters of

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your ML model using Al Platform, and then using the best-tuned parameters for training.
Hypertuning is taking longer than expected and is delaying the downstream processes. You want to
speed up the tuning job without significantly compromising its effectiveness. Which actions should
you take?
Choose 2 answers
A. Decrease the number of parallel trials
B. Decrease the range of floating-point values
C. Set the early stopping parameter to TRUE
D. Change the search algorithm from Bayesian search to random search.
E. Decrease the maximum number of trials during subsequent training phases.
Answer: B,D

NO.57 You want to rebuild your ML pipeline for structured data on Google Cloud. You are using
PySpark to conduct data transformations at scale, but your pipelines are taking over 12 hours to run.
To speed up development and pipeline run time, you want to use a serverless tool and SQL syntax.
You have already moved your raw data into Cloud Storage. How should you build the pipeline on
Google Cloud while meeting the speed and processing requirements?
A. Use Data Fusion's GUI to build the transformation pipelines, and then write the data into BigQuery
B. Convert your PySpark into SparkSQL queries to transform the data and then run your pipeline on
Dataproc to write the data into BigQuery.
C. Ingest your data into Cloud SQL convert your PySpark commands into SQL queries to transform the
data, and then use federated queries from BigQuery for machine learning
D. Ingest your data into BigQuery using BigQuery Load, convert your PySpark commands into
BigQuery SQL queries to transform the data, and then write the transformations to a new table
Answer: B

NO.58 You are building a linear model with over 100 input features, all with values between -1 and
1. You suspect that many features are non-informative. You want to remove the non-informative
features from your model while keeping the informative ones in their original form. Which technique
should you use?
A. Use Principal Component Analysis to eliminate the least informative features.
B. Use L1 regularization to reduce the coefficients of uninformative features to 0.
C. After building your model, use Shapley values to determine which features are the most
informative.
D. Use an iterative dropout technique to identify which features do not degrade the model when
removed.
Answer: C

NO.59 You are building a model to predict daily temperatures. You split the data randomly and then
transformed the training and test datasets. Temperature data for model training is uploaded hourly.
During testing, your model performed with 97% accuracy; however, after deploying to production,
the model's accuracy dropped to 66%. How can you make your production model more accurate?
A. Normalize the data for the training, and test datasets as two separate steps.
B. Split the training and test data based on time rather than a random split to avoid leakage

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C. Add more data to your test set to ensure that you have a fair distribution and sample for testing
D. Apply data transformations before splitting, and cross-validate to make sure that the
transformations are applied to both the training and test sets.
Answer: D

NO.60 You need to design a customized deep neural network in Keras that will predict customer
purchases based on their purchase history. You want to explore model performance using multiple
model architectures, store training data, and be able to compare the evaluation metrics in the same
dashboard. What should you do?
A. Create multiple models using AutoML Tables
B. Automate multiple training runs using Cloud Composer
C. Run multiple training jobs on Al Platform with similar job names
D. Create an experiment in Kubeflow Pipelines to organize multiple runs
Answer: C

NO.61 You work for an online travel agency that also sells advertising placements on its website to
other companies.
You have been asked to predict the most relevant web banner that a user should see next. Security is
important to your company. The model latency requirements are 300ms@p99, the inventory is
thousands of web banners, and your exploratory analysis has shown that navigation context is a good
predictor.
You want to Implement the simplest solution. How should you configure the prediction pipeline?
A. Embed the client on the website, and then deploy the model on AI Platform Prediction.
B. Embed the client on the website, deploy the gateway on App Engine, and then deploy the model
on AI Platform Prediction.
C. Embed the client on the website, deploy the gateway on App Engine, deploy the database on
Cloud Bigtable for writing and for reading the user's navigation context, and then deploy the model
on AI Platform Prediction.
D. Embed the client on the website, deploy the gateway on App Engine, deploy the database on
Memorystore for writing and for reading the user's navigation context, and then deploy the model on
Google Kubernetes Engine.
Answer: B

NO.62 You were asked to investigate failures of a production line component based on sensor
readings. After receiving the dataset, you discover that less than 1% of the readings are positive
examples representing failure incidents. You have tried to train several classification models, but
none of them converge. How should you resolve the class imbalance problem?
A. Use the class distribution to generate 10% positive examples
B. Use a convolutional neural network with max pooling and softmax activation
C. Downsample the data with upweighting to create a sample with 10% positive examples
D. Remove negative examples until the numbers of positive and negative examples are equal
Answer: B

NO.63 You are designing an ML recommendation model for shoppers on your company's

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ecommerce website. You will use Recommendations Al to build, test, and deploy your system. How
should you develop recommendations that increase revenue while following best practices?
A. Use the "Other Products You May Like" recommendation type to increase the click-through rate
B. Use the "Frequently Bought Together' recommendation type to increase the shopping cart size for
each order.
C. Import your user events and then your product catalog to make sure you have the highest quality
event stream
D. Because it will take time to collect and record product data, use placeholder values for the
product catalog to test the viability of the model.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Frequently bought together' recommendations aim to up-sell and cross-sell customers by providing
product.

NO.64 You trained a text classification model. You have the following SignatureDefs:

What is the correct way to write the predict request?

A. data = json.dumps({"signature_name": "serving_default'\ "instances": [fab', 'be1, 'cd']]})
B. data = json dumps({"signature_name": "serving_default"! "instances": [['a', 'b', "c", 'd', 'e', 'f']]})
C. data = json.dumps({"signature_name": "serving_default, "instances": [['a', 'b\ 'c'1, [d\ 'e\ T]]})
D. data = json dumps({"signature_name": f,serving_default", "instances": [['a', 'b'], [c\ 'd'], ['e\ T]]})
Answer: C

NO.65 You work for a global footwear retailer and need to predict when an item will be out of stock
based on historical inventory dat a. Customer behavior is highly dynamic since footwear demand is
influenced by many different factors. You want to serve models that are trained on all available data,
but track your performance on specific subsets of data before pushing to production. What is the
most streamlined and reliable way to perform this validation?
A. Use the TFX ModelValidator tools to specify performance metrics for production readiness
B. Use k-fold cross-validation as a validation strategy to ensure that your model is ready for

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production.
C. Use the last relevant week of data as a validation set to ensure that your model is performing
accurately on current data
D. Use the entire dataset and treat the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC
ROC) as the main metric.
Answer: A

NO.66 Your team is building a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based architecture from scratch.
The preliminary experiments running on your on-premises CPU-only infrastructure were encouraging,
but have slow convergence. You have been asked to speed up model training to reduce time-to-
market. You want to experiment with virtual machines (VMs) on Google Cloud to leverage more
powerful hardware. Your code does not include any manual device placement and has not been
wrapped in Estimator model-level abstraction. Which environment should you train your model on?
A. AVM on Compute Engine and 1 TPU with all dependencies installed manually.
B. AVM on Compute Engine and 8 GPUs with all dependencies installed manually.
C. A Deep Learning VM with an n1-standard-2 machine and 1 GPU with all libraries pre-installed.
D. A Deep Learning VM with more powerful CPU e2-highcpu-16 machines with all libraries pre-
installed.
Answer: A

NO.67 You are an ML engineer in the contact center of a large enterprise. You need to build a
sentiment analysis tool that predicts customer sentiment from recorded phone conversations. You
need to identify the best approach to building a model while ensuring that the gender, age, and
cultural differences of the customers who called the contact center do not impact any stage of the
model development pipeline and results. What should you do?
A. Extract sentiment directly from the voice recordings
B. Convert the speech to text and build a model based on the words
C. Convert the speech to text and extract sentiments based on the sentences
D. Convert the speech to text and extract sentiment using syntactical analysis
Answer: C

NO.68 You work for a bank and are building a random forest model for fraud detection. You have a
dataset that includes transactions, of which 1% are identified as fraudulent.
Which data transformation strategy would likely improve the performance of your classifier?
A. Write your data in TFRecords.
B. Z-normalize all the numeric features.
C. Oversample the fraudulent transaction 10 times.
D. Use one-hot encoding on all categorical features.
Answer: C

NO.69 You recently designed and built a custom neural network that uses critical dependencies
specific to your organization's framework. You need to train the model using a managed training
service on Google Cloud. However, the ML framework and related dependencies are not supported
by Al Platform Training. Also, both your model and your data are too large to fit in memory on a

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single machine. Your ML framework of choice uses the scheduler, workers, and servers distribution
structure. What should you do?
A. Use a built-in model available on Al Platform Training
B. Build your custom container to run jobs on Al Platform Training
C. Build your custom containers to run distributed training jobs on Al Platform Training
D. Reconfigure your code to a ML framework with dependencies that are supported by Al Platform
Training
Answer: C

NO.70 As the lead ML Engineer for your company, you are responsible for building ML models to
digitize scanned customer forms. You have developed a TensorFlow model that converts the scanned
images into text and stores them in Cloud Storage. You need to use your ML model on the
aggregated data collected at the end of each day with minimal manual intervention. What should you
do?
A. Use the batch prediction functionality of Al Platform
B. Create a serving pipeline in Compute Engine for prediction
C. Use Cloud Functions for prediction each time a new data point is ingested
D. Deploy the model on Al Platform and create a version of it for online inference.
Answer: D

NO.71 You work for an online retail company that is creating a visual search engine. You have set up
an end-to-end ML pipeline on Google Cloud to classify whether an image contains your company's
product. Expecting the release of new products in the near future, you configured a retraining
functionality in the pipeline so that new data can be fed into your ML models. You also want to use Al
Platform's continuous evaluation service to ensure that the models have high accuracy on your test
data set. What should you do?
A. Keep the original test dataset unchanged even if newer products are incorporated into retraining
B. Extend your test dataset with images of the newer products when they are introduced to
retraining
C. Replace your test dataset with images of the newer products when they are introduced to
retraining.
D. Update your test dataset with images of the newer products when your evaluation metrics drop
below a pre-decided threshold.
Answer: C

NO.72 Your team is building an application for a global bank that will be used by millions of
customers. You built a forecasting model that predicts customers1 account balances 3 days in the
future. Your team will use the results in a new feature that will notify users when their account
balance is likely to drop below $25. How should you serve your predictions?
A. 1. Create a Pub/Sub topic for each user
2 Deploy a Cloud Function that sends a notification when your model predicts that a user's account
balance will drop below the $25 threshold.
B. 1. Create a Pub/Sub topic for each user
2. Deploy an application on the App Engine standard environment that sends a notification when

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your model predicts that a user's account balance will drop below the $25 threshold
C. 1. Build a notification system on Firebase
2. Register each user with a user ID on the Firebase Cloud Messaging server, which sends a
notification when the average of all account balance predictions drops below the $25 threshold
D. 1 Build a notification system on Firebase
2. Register each user with a user ID on the Firebase Cloud Messaging server, which sends a
notification when your model predicts that a user's account balance will drop below the $25
threshold
Answer: A

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