SIRE Inspections On Oil Tankers
SIRE Inspections On Oil Tankers
SIRE Inspections On Oil Tankers
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Article in TransNav the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation · January 2018
DOI: 10.12716/1001.12.02.17
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ABSTRACT: Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) addresses concerns about sub‐standard shipping in oil
industry. As a part of the risk assessment physical inspection of the oil tanker is performed by accredited SIRE
inspector and resulting report is available to charterers, ship operators, terminal operators and government
bodies. In this article SIRE inspection is described and compared with other non‐mandatory and mandatory
inspections on oil tankers. Some potential consequences of tanker over‐inspections are discussed.
1
Although vetting inspection is non‐mandatory, Maritime Organisation, the Paris Memorandum of
and an oil tanker does not pass or fail it, it is one of Understanding, the UK Marine and Coastguard
the most important steps in the evaluation process. Agency, the Australian Maritime Safety Agency and
Considering that many charter parties contain vetting other Port State Control administrations in efforts to
clauses, and that failure to obtain vetting approval eliminate sub‐standard ships. Therefore, free access is
may result with costs, it is important to take all provided to Governmental bodies which supervise
necessary steps to demonstrate to the inspectors that safety and/or pollution prevention in respect of oil
cargo can be transported safely, responsibly and tankers/barges.
competitively. [7]
In this article SIRE inspections on oil tankers are
described and compared with other tanker 3 OIL TANKER VETTING INSPECTION
inspections.
Under the SIRE programme each tanker should be
inspected every six months. Inspectors, causing the
2 SHIP INSPECTION REPORT PROGRAMME least disruption to the tanker´s operation and
accompanied by a member of the tanker´s staff,
conduct an inspection in a following order: a review
The Oil Companies International Marine Forum, a of the tanker’s documentation, followed by an
voluntary association of oil companies, was formed in inspection of the wheelhouse and navigation,
1970 in response to the growing public concern about communications, general external areas (including
marine pollution. [9] Because a common interest of mooring, main deck and pumproom), cargo control
members is to evaluate the quality of the ship and its room, engine and steering compartments and finally,
crew in advance of charter to ensure safe and the accommodation. [6]
environmentally responsible transport and handling
of cargo, OCIMF introduced SIRE, a tanker risk VIQ contains a serious of questions related to
assessment tool‐a database of information about various aspects of tanker operations, grouped into
tankers, in 1993. chapters: general information on oil tanker (including
data on last Port State Control inspection),
Original SIRE was revised several times. [10] At certification and documentation, crew management,
the beginning of the programme, diverse inspections navigation, safety management, pollution prevention,
protocols were used and various report formats were structural condition, cargo and ballast systems,
submitted. To establish a standardised, objective mooring, communication, engine and steering
inspection process the Uniform Vessel Inspection compartments, general appearance and condition
Procedure, composed of an Inspection Element and a and, if the vessel has an Ice Class Notation or has a
Report Element, in 1997 was introduced. Today SIRE valid winterisation certificate, ice operations. The
covers vessels grouped in categories: oil tankers, inspector must respond to all the questions. The “Yes”
chemicals tankers, LPG carriers, LNG carriers and “No”, “Not Seen” or “Not Applicable” responses are
combination carriers (categories 1 and 2 depending on utilised. For a “No” or “Not Seen” response, an
tonnage) and offshore barges, inland barges (manned observation by the inspector is required. Answers to
and unmanned) and integrated barges (category 3). some questions must be accompanied by comments.
To make program uniform, transparent and practical, Non‐mandatory comments can supplement responses
Vessel Inspection Questionnaire (VIQ), Barges or be added at the end of the chapters.
Inspection Questionnaire (BIQ), Uniform SIRE
Inspection Report, Vessels Particulars Questionnaire During inspection of oil tanker 282 items, related
(VPQ) and Barge Particulars Questionnaire were to certification, safety management and the operator’s
developed. These documents are continuously procedures manuals, survey and repair history,
checked and, if necessary, revised. enhanced survey programme, condition assessment
scheme, crew management, crew qualifications, drug
Safe and environmentally responsible operation of and alcohol policy, navigation policies, procedures
ships is required by a number of regulations, codes, and documentation, navigation equipment, charts
conventions, guidelines, procedures and standards, and publications, navigation, safety management,
and depend on compliance and responsible drills, training and familiarisation, ship security,
behaviours on‐board ship that should be checked and enclosed space and pump room entry procedures,
objectively evaluated during time‐limited inspection. monitoring non‐cargo spaces, gas analysing
[6] Therefore inspectors must possess qualification, equipment, hot work procedures, life‐saving
knowledge, experience and physical fitness, attained equipment, fire‐fighting equipment, material safety
and/or examined through training and accreditation data sheets, access, oil record books, shipboard oil
process. Accredited SIRE inspectors, appointed by and marine pollution emergency plans, VOC
OCIMF member company, after receiving the vessel management plan, cargo operations and deck area
particulars and the corresponding questionnaire from pollution prevention, pump rooms and oil discharge
the database conduct on‐board inspection in monitors, ballast water management, engine and
accordance with the requirements of the SIRE. The steering compartments, garbage management, energy
completed report is uploaded to the SIRE database efficiency, structural condition, cargo and ballast
and provided to the operator for respond to systems policies, procedures and documentation,
comments or observations. The resultant report is stability and cargo loading limitations, cargo
available for a nominal fee to OCIMF members, bulk operations and related safety management, cargo and
oil terminal operators, port authorities, canal ballast handling and monitoring equipment, ullaging,
authorities, oil, power, industrial or oil trader sampling and closed operations, venting
companies. OCIMF cooperates with the International
arrangements, inert gas system, crude oil washing, survey. It is one of four basic tanker survey regimes,
static electricity precautions, manifold arrangements, together with Port State Controls (PSC) and Flag State
pump rooms, cargo hoses, cargo lifting equipment, Controls (FSC), Annual Class Survey, and Protecting
ship to ship transfer operations, mooring equipment and Indemnity (P&I) Club Survey. Another regimes
documentation, mooring procedures, mooring are: International Ship and Port Facility Security,
equipment, anchoring equipment, single point International Safety Management Audit, Maritime
moorings, emergency towing arrangements, Labour Convention Audit, Greenward Associates
communications procedures, communications Survey, Superintendent’s General Inspection, Internal
equipment, engine and steering compartments ISPS Audit, Internal ISM Audit, Internal Maritime
policies, procedures and documentation, planned Labour Convention Audit. Our analysis shows that
maintenance, safety management, machinery status, tankers are inspected frequently and comprehensively
steering compartment, hull, superstructure and (Table 1). As seen from Table 1, among survey
external weather decks, electrical equipment, regimes, vetting inspection is the most extensive one.
internal spaces and accommodation areas are Therefore it is not surprising that its duration is the
carefully and critically examined. Taking into account highest among basic tanker survey regimes: 20 h
time needed to check all afore mentioned annually in comparison to 8 h needed for FSC, 10 h
components, requirements to discuss any observation for PSC, 10 h for Class Survey and 4 h for P&I.
with the member of the shipʹs staff assigned to
accompany the inspector and the inspection findings
Table 1. Survey items
_______________________________________________
with the Master or the Masterʹs authorised deputy
before leaving the vessel, vetting inspection usually Survey regime Number of Annual Number
lasts 10 h. [1] inspected frequency of items
items inspected
Considering comprehensiveness of the VIQ, annually
_______________________________________________
properly conducted inspection by competent 1. PORT STATE INSPECTION 246 2 492
inspector, as enabled and assured by SIRE, should be 2. FLAG STATE INSPECTION 181 1 181
sufficient as a part of the screening process. However, 3. CLASS SURVEY 101 1 101
it seems that a number of oil companies do not use 4. ISM AUDIT 30 0,5 15
SIRE system as it was intended and requires 5. ISPS AUDIT 13 0,5 6,5
additional SIRE inspections although tanker has a 6. P&I CLUB INSPECTION 292 0,5 146
report that is less than 6 months old. Therefore the 7. VETTING INSPECTION 282 2 564
intensity of vetting inspections and associated costs 8. SUPERINTENDENT AUDIT 78 1 78
for the tanker owners could be unnecessarily high. [8] 9. GREENAWARD FUNDATION 159 1 159
10. MLC AUDIT 25 0,5 12,5
Furthermore, due to extensive preparations and 11. INTERNAL MLC AUDIT 20 1 20
duration it may cause additional burden to the crew 12. INTERNAL ISM AUDIT 60 1 60
and contribute to the occurrence of fatigue. For 13. INTERNAL ISPS AUDIT 18 1 18
example, frustration of the crew prior to vetting have _______________________________________________
Total: 1853
_______________________________________________
been detected by Karlsson. [3]
Source: authors
Moreover, the lack of trust in the industry between
flag states, port states, classification societies,
insurance companies and cargo owners resulted with As shown in Table 2 a certain numbers of items
numerous inspections performed by different related to ship seaworthiness are checked repeatedly
organisations. [4] Our study shows that vetting (Table 2).
inspection is one of the 13 annual regimes of tanker
Table 2. Overlapping of items inspected by tanker survey regimes.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Category No of items inspected by
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
8 regimes 7 regimes 6 regimes 5 regimes 4 regimes 3 regimes 2 regimes
SHIP CERTIFICATES 0 2 1 3 3 7 1
CREW CERTIFICATES 0 0 1 0 7 3 0
LIFESAVING APPLIANCES 0 0 3 4 3 1 1
FIRE SAFETY 0 1 3 3 5 3 7
NAVIGATION 0 2 12 8 11 9 14
SHIPS PROCEDURES 0 0 3 3 15 9 16
BRIDGE PUBLICATIONS 0 0 0 1 2 1 10
SHIPS RECORDS 0 0 0 3 7 11 19
MOORING/ANCHORING 0 0 0 3 1 1 5
STRUCTURAL CONDITION‐HULL&DECK 0 0 1 2 6 4 3
STRUCTURAL CONDITION‐BALLAST 0 0 0 0 0 3 4
&VOID SPACES
HEALTH & HYGIENE 1 0 3 4 0 6 7
MACHINERY SPACE OPERATIONS 0 1 1 3 5 15 13
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM 0 0 2 2 0 2 3
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 0 0 1 1 1 5 6
CARGO WORTHINESS, TANKER 0 2 3 6 10 22 7
CARGO CONTROL ROOM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total 1 8 34 46 76 102 116
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: authors
3
Research show that because scope and extent of performed by different bodies and avoid inessential
tanker inspections significantly overlap, they are in inspections. Otherwise oil tanker safety can be
certain extent redundant, and such over‐inspection jeopardised and inspection regimes can defeat the
may have a negative effect on the psychophysical purpose for which they were introduced.
condition of the crew. [1] Additionally, it has been
shown that over‐inspection does not necessarily
decrease the probability of having a casualty but can
rather increase it. [4] REFERENCES
Moreover, we estimate that average price of
[1] Bielić, T., Hess, M., Grbić, L., Unified Tanker Survey and
inspections is at least 33600 USD per oil tanker. To be Inspection Regime in Terms of Reducing Psychophysical
able to operate profitably, it is possible that money Strain of the Crew, Promet‐Traffic &Transportation.
must be saved somewhere else, maybe by cutting 2017, Vol. 29, No 4, pp. 455-461.
costs of other operations, equally or more important [2] Intertanko, A Guide to the Vetting Process, 11th Edition,
for safety. 2015.
[3] Karlsson T. Vettinginspektion en utredning om
vettinginspektioner leder till ökad arbetsbelastning
ombord; 2011.
4 CONCLUSIONS [4] Knapp, S., Bijwaard G., Heij C., Estimated incident cost
savings in shipping due to inspections. Accident
Analysis & Prevention. 2011, Vol .43, No 4, pp. 1532‐
Because maritime accidents involving oil tankers can 1539.
have serious consequences, evaluation of the potential [5] Lo Nigro, A., Brunori, L., Guassardo, G., Panebianco, C.,
risks is necessity to minimise liability. Therefore Risk Based Approach to Oil Tankers and Bulk Carriers
vetting approval has become obligated step for Vetting, Offshore Mediterranean Conference and
chartering to eliminate substandard oil tankers. As a Exhibition in Ravenna, Italy, March 16‐18, 2005.
part of the process, vessels are screened against the [6] Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Ship
SIRE inspection, which is not used in the spirit that it Inspection Report (SIRE) Programme 2014 Edition Rev
was introduced, and oil tankers can be over‐ 1.2, 2016.
inspected. [7] http://navlaw.com/vetting‐is‐becoming‐crucial‐to‐
awarding‐charters‐for‐tankers
Therefore, additional efforts by all concerned [8] https://www.intertanko.com/News‐Desk/Press‐
parties should be put into analysis of SIRE inspections Releases/Year‐2013/Is‐the‐300m‐tanker‐vetting‐industry‐
to ensure that additional vetting inspections are not out‐of‐control/
required by oil companies. Furthermore, better [9] https://www.ocimf.org/organisation/introduction/
[10] https://www.ocimf.org/sire/
cooperation between all stakeholders is necessary to
compare and acknowledge results of various
mandatory and non‐mandatory inspections