Vector, Matrix, Array

Susovan Jana
Department of Information Technology
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, INDIA
Email (O): [email protected]
Email (P): [email protected]
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Vector in MATLAB
 A vector is a one-dimensional array of numbers.
 MATLAB allows creating two types of vectors −
─ Row vectors
─ Example: x=[2 5 7 3]
─ Column vectors
─ Example: x=[2
5
7
3]

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Vector Creation in MATLAB
 Syntax for Row Vector
─ x=[<values separated by one space or comma>]
─ x=[2 5 7 3]
─ x=[2, 5, 7, 3]
 Syntax for Column Vector
─ x=[<values separated by semi-colon>]
─ x=[2; 5; 7; 3]

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Vector Creation
 x = j:k
─ x = 1:10
─ Create a unit-spaced vector of
numbers between 1 and 10.
The colon operator uses a
default increment of +1.
 x = j:i:k
─ x = 1:2:10
─ X=10:-2:1
─ Create a vector whose
elements incremented or
decremented by 2.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Matrices and Arrays
 All MATLAB variables are multidimensional arrays, no
matter what type of data.
 A matrix is a two-dimensional array often used for
linear algebra.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Matrix Creation
 Matrix creation with zeros
& ones
─ x=zeros(3)
─ x=zeros(3,2)
─ x=ones(3)
─ x=ones(3,2)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Matrix Creation
 Matrix with integer values
─ a=[1 3 6; 2 5 8; 4 7 9]
─ b=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
 Matrix with complex number
─ c = [3+4i, 4+3j; -i, 10j]

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Concatenating two Matrix
 Horizontally
─ x=[a, b]
 Vertically
─ x=[a; b]

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Accessing Values from Matrix
 Indexing starts from 1 in MATLAB
 Syntax
─ <array name>(<row index>, <column index>)
─ <array name>(<starting row index> : <ending row index> , <starting
column index> : <ending column index> )
─ <array name>(<row index>, <starting column index> : <ending
column index> )
─ <array name>(<starting row index> : <ending row index> , <column
index> )
─ <array name>(<row index>, : )
─ <array name>( : , <column index> )

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Access Single Value
 Syntax
─ <array name>(<row index>, <column index>)
 Example
─ a(2, 3)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Access 2D Array from a 2D Array
 Syntax
─ <array name>(<starting row index> : <ending row index> ,
<starting column index> : <ending column index> )
 Example
─ a(1 : 2, 2 : 3)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Access Values from a Single Row/Column
 Syntax
1. <array name>(<row index>,
<starting column index> : <ending
column index> )
2. <array name>(<starting row index>
: <ending row index> , <column
index> )
 Example
1. a(3, 1:2)
2. a(1:2, 3)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Access a Complete Row/Column
 Syntax
1. <array name>(<row index>, : )
2. <array name>( : , <column index> )
 Example
1. a(2, : )
2. a( : , 2)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Modifying Values in Matrix
 Syntax
─ <array name>(<row index>, <column index>)
 Example
─ a (1:2, 1:2)=[11 13; 12 15]

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Deletion of any row & column
 Delete any row
─ Syntax: <matrix>(<row position>, : )
─ Example: x( 2 , : ) = []
 Delete any column
─ Syntax: <matrix>(: , <column position>)
─ Example: x( : , 5 ) = []

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Addition on Matrix
 Syntax
1. <value> + <matrix name>
2. <matrix name> + <matrix name>
 Example
1. 5 + a
2. a + b

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Subtraction on Matrix
 Syntax
1. <matrix name> - <value>
2. <matrix name> - <matrix name>
 Example
1. a - 5
2. a - b

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Multiplication on Matrix
 Syntax
1. <value> * <matrix name>
or
<value> .* <matrix name>
2. <matrix name 1> .* <matrix name 2>
3. <matrix name 1> * <matrix name 2>
 Example
1. 5 * a
or
2. 5 .* a
3. a .* b
4. a * b

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Division on Matrix
 Syntax
1. <matrix name> / <value>
or
<matrix name> ./ <value>
2. <matrix name 1> ./ <matrix name 2>
3. <matrix name 1> / <matrix name 2>
 Example
1. a / 2
or
a ./2
2. a ./ b
3. a / b

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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String Array
 You can represent text in MATLAB® using string
arrays.
 Each element of a string array stores a sequence of
characters.
 The sequences can have different lengths without
padding, such as "yes" and "no".
 A string array that has only one element is also called
a string scalar.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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String Array
 You can index into, reshape, and concatenate string
arrays using standard array operations, and you can
append text to them using the + operator.
 If a string array represents numbers, then you can
convert it to a numeric array using the double
function.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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String Creation
 Syntax
─ <name> = “<text>”
 Example
─ str = "A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!“
 Get length by calling strlength function

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Character Array Creation
 Syntax
─ <array name>=‘<text>’
 Example
─ ca='My name is Mr. Xyz.‘
 Get size using size function
─ size(ca)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Convert All Letters in String to
Lowercase Characters
 Syntax
─ lower(<string name>)
 Example
─ lower(str)
 For uppercase call
upper in same way

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Remove Something from String
 Syntax
─ erase(<string name>, “<character to erase>")
 Example
─ erase(str,"!")

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Split String on Space Characters
 It discards spaces and returns
a string array
─ split(<string name>)
 Split by specified delimiter
─ split(<string name>,<delimiter>)
 Example
─ split(str)
 Join
─ join(ans)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Find the Unique Words in String
 Syntax
─ unique(<string name>)
 Example
─ unique(str)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Conversion to String Array
 Syntax
─ string(<name of variable>)
 Example
─ st=string(A)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Convert Strings That Represent
Numbers
 Syntax
─ double(<name of string array>)
 Example
─ double(str)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Cell Array
 A cell array is a data type with indexed data
containers called cells, where each cell can contain
any type of data.
 Cell arrays commonly contain either lists of text,
combinations of text and numbers, or numeric arrays
of different sizes.
 Refer to sets of cells by enclosing indices in smooth
parentheses, ().
 Access the contents of cells by indexing with curly
braces, {}.
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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Creation of Cell Array
 When you have data to put into a cell array, create
the array using the cell array construction operator,
{}.
 C = {1,2,3; ‘Aditi', rand(5,10,2), {11; 22; 33}}

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Create a Blank Cell Array
 Syntax
─ <name>=cell(<size 1>, …., <size n>)
 Example
─ C=cell(2)
─ C=cell(2, 3)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Assign Value to Cell Array
 Syntax
─ <cell name>(<row index>,<column index>)={<value>}
 Example
─ C(1, 1)={'MATLAB'}
─ C(2, : )={[2 5 3], ‘Rahul’, 25.3}
─ C(1, 2 : 3 )={[2 5; 4 3], ‘Aditi’}

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Access Cells
 Syntax
─ <cell name>=(<row index>, <column index>)
─ <cell name>={<row index>, <column index>}
 Example
─ C(1, 2)
─ C{1, 2}

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Cell to Matrix
 C = {[1], [2 3 4]; [5; 9], [6 7 8; 10 11 12]}
 A=cell2mat(C)

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA