Bulletin of Electrochemistry 20 (2) February 2004, pp 49-58 2 256-1654/2004/$ 3-50

O 2004 CECRl

POLYMERIC CORROSION
A SUBRAMANIA, N T KALYANA SUNDARAM, R SATHIYA PRIYA,
V S MURALIDHARAN* AND T VASUDEVAN"

Department o f Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, PSG College of Technology,

Coimbatore 641 004. INDIA
* Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006. INDIA
** Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003. INDIA
[Received: 01 July 2003 Accepted: 14 July 20031

Corrosion occurs due to chemical and electrochemical reactions. Polymeric materials adrorb on the metal
sutjiace and offer inhibition to corrosion. In this overview polymeric materials employed to inhibit the
corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous materials in acidic and neutral media are presented. Polymers which
act both as antiscalant and inhibitors are also discussed.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibi~ors,water soluble polymers, polymeric films and anti-scalanfs.

INTRODUCTION Pliny the Elder (first century B.CJ mention the

adoption of tin for the protection of iron from
Polymers are very large molecules that are formed
by the combination of a number of relatively small
corrosion. All chemists through centuries made
I molecules called monomers. Polymers can be made fertile attempts to transform base metals into
' from inorganic or organic molecules. They may noble ones latter. Early attempts to mitigate
have different forms e.g. they may be chain like corrosion of metals were empirical and centered
largely around the use of organic and metallic
as in polyethylene or sheets like a s in quartz. The
synthetic polymers are long chain organic coatings. Inhibitors for acid corrosion of metals
molecules whose dimensions could approach lo5 A were known from middle ages. There were obvious
as compared to simple molecules having measures to protect metallic structures constructed
dimensions of 10 A. I n the last two decades there by early artisans, often a t the expense of much
has been an increase in the use of polymeric time and very hard labour [2].
1 compounds as corrosion inhibitors. Lomonosov (1743-1756) was the first to make
i In this overview, an attempt is made to discuss broad systematic experiments on the study of the
I the role of polymeric materials to inhibit the action of acids on metals. I n 1788 Austin noticed
: corrosion of ferrous and non- ferrous metals in that water originally neutral tends to relatively
acidic and neutral media. recent and came quite logically after the discovery
by Galvani and Volta [3] of galvanic electricity in
Corrosion of metals the late eighteenth century. Hall [I] established
the fact that iron does not rust in the absence of
The word "corrosion" comes from the Latin
oxygen.
'corrodere' to gnaw away. It is the gradual
deterioration of a material caused by the chemical Davy (1826) [4] proposed a n electrochemical
or electrochemical reaction with its environment method using sacrificial anode for the protection
111. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus (fifth of copper sheathed ocean, going ships. De La Rive
century B.C.) and the ancient Roman naturalist, (1830) [5] attributed the pronounced corrosion of

49
 SUBRAMANIA et al. - Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview

impure zinc metal to the operation of negative anions of these compounds are involved Inhibitr
short-circuited microcells on the metal surface. in reducing metallic corrosion. Therefore these are medium
Faraday's research (1830-1840) established a very called inorganic anionic inhibitors. When zinc is
important relationship between chemical action Polyme
used instead of sodium, the zinc cation is
and the generation of electric current [6].
beneficial and the compounds may be called Organic
Wagner [7] proposed a mixed potential theory. inorganic mixed charge inhibitors. They are used this be1
This theory proclaims that (i) any electrochemical
in cooling towers. found t
reaction comprises two or more partial oxidation
and reduction reactions (ii) there can be no net Organic anionic inhibitors such a s sodium 1940's a
accumulation of electrical charges during a n sulphonates and sodium mercapto benzotriazole effective
electrochemical reaction and (iii) the potential a t are used in cooling water and antifreeze solutions. 1961 w
the entire surface of an isolated electrode should bond of
Sodium phosphonates fall into this class are used
be same.
in cooling towers.0rganic cationic inhibitors [lo] lead to
The practical methods available for the protection are liquids or wax like solids. consequ
of metals against corrosion are diverse. These may of thesq
be divided into the following groups viz., (a) Their active portions are generally large C-H
selection of metals (b) modification of metal (c) chains or rings with positively charged amine . respond
change in design (d) change in corrosive nitrogen groups a t one end. In acids and water, forward
F
environment (e) surface coatings (f) change of the the terminal primary secondary and tertiary Proparg
electrode potential of metalfcorrosive medium. The
amine groups take a n additional hydrogen that investigi
most commonly practised methods of control is
changing the environment. This is accomplished by gives them a net positive or cationic charge. The spectroa
a method known a s corrosion inhibition. polar amine groups are adsorbed on the metal and polymed
the hydrocarbon portion forms a n oily water mechad
Corrosion inhibitors repellant surface film. The molecular shape
An inhibitor is a chemical compound that
effectively reduces the corrosion rate of a metal
(disymmetry) helps these materials act as
surfactants and can stabilize emulsions of oil and
was
under 8
when added in small conceqtration to a n mildly water. Organic corrosion inhbitors [lo-111 may
aggressive medium or environment [8]. This acts function by (1) chemisorption of the molecule on
by changing the surface or both depending on the
a metallic surface (2) Complexing of the molecule
individual system. Electrochemical corrosion
involves two partial reactions, one a t the anode with the metal ion which remains in a solid state
and the another a t the cathode. (3) Neutralising the corrodent and (4) adsorbing
the corrodent.
On that basis, a n inhbitor is defined a s a
chemical compound that effectively reduces the It is universally accepted that the organic
rate of either or both of these reactions. molecules adsorb a t the metalfsolution interface.
Accordingly they are classified a s anodic, cathodic These modes of adsorption are dependent upon: (a)
or mixed inhibitors. They are broadly classified a s
the chemical structure of the molecule (b) the
inorganic or organic, anionic and cationic
inhibitors [9]. chemical composition of the solution (c) the nature
of the metal surface (d) the electrochemical
Inorganic inhibitors are usually crystalline salts a s
potential a t the metalfsolution interface. There are
sodium chromate, sodium silicate, sodium
phosphate or molybdate. In aqueous solution, they three principal types of adsorption associated with
separate to form the negatively charged anions organic inhibitors. (i) n bond orbital adsorption (ii)
like C~O;-, S~O;-, PO:- and molybdate. Only the electrostatic adsorption and (iii) chemisorption.
 SUBRAMANLA et al. - Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview

Inhibitors for f e r r o u s m a t e r i a l s i n acidic H H

I I
Polymer film forming inhibitors R.C-C+=CH- <--> R-c+-c=cK <--> R-C-C+=CH2

Organic molecules with unsaturated carbon exhlbit This formalism implies that the polarisation of the
this behaviour. The molecule with -C& bond triple bond can be stabilized first by a non-
found to be effective inhibitor. In the middle classical carbonium ion and further by a
1940's acetylenic compounds were discovered to be a-keto-double bond configuration which is known
effective inhibitors [12]. A postulation came in to complex strongly with transition metal ions. It
1961 which described the affinity of the triple is noted that the OH group has to be located not
bond of these alcohols for the metals 'd' electrons only in a- position but on a secondary carbon atom
lead to the chemisorption a t anodic sites with a for strong inhibition to result. This is to be
consequent sharing of electrons. After adsorption expected since H+ ions are much more optimum
these species, polymerisation ensures which is to form non classical carbonium ions than CH,
responsible for the corrosion inhibition was put groups. If the terminal proton on the triple bond
is substituted with a strong electrophilic group,
ropargyl alcohols and other alkynols were the polarisation of the triple bond becomes strong
vestigated in detail by IR- reflectance enough to involve the above indicated
tautomerism.One can rationalise that a compound
spectroscopy which confirmed the formation of
with a non-terminal triple bond experiences some
olymers on the metal surface [14-151. The
steric hindrance in the formation of complexes
mechanism of ethyl cyclohexanol polymerisation
with transition metal ions. The effect was due to
was studied using iron powder in 2 M H,SO,,
steric hindrance rather than a kinetic effect
under nitrogen atmosphere 1161.
concerning the intra-molecular sh&s necessary for
From the analysis of volatile intermediates and complex formation. The substituted propargyl
roducts, the ethynol cyclohexanol was reduced on alcohols became more effective as the alkyl chain
the iron and it subsequently dehydrated to form increased. This effect most likely has to do with
hydrocarbon polymer. A similar mechanism was the nature of the "adsorbed layer" in that
tulated for 3 butyne 2-01. A completely different increasing length of the alkyl chain imparts
ea was suggested that the acid solution itself greater hydrophobicity to the interfacial layer thus
may interact with the acetylenic species to squeezing out water molecules from the interface.
utomerise or form vinylic cations which can
Alkynols have been successfully tried to inhibit
drate, undergo metathesis or polymerize.
corrosion of steels in acidic solutions and
cetylenic alcohols were investigated In detail with mechanism of inhibition was discussed [17-181.
gard to the position of OH- and the position of The adsorbed alkynols first hydrogenated a t the
e triple bond. It appears that the OH group has - C S to form a secondary olefinic alcohol.
be in a- position to the acetylenic function and Oligomerisation through the terminal -CrC- can
optimum efficiency was obtained if the ensure to yield the highly branched structure.
tylenic function was terminal. These two effects Further hydrogenation saturated some of the
internal saturated -CzC- bonds.
 SUBRAMANIA et al. - Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview

The FeS produced after a long time, increased the throug

continuity of the polymer film of PA and life. molecl
Amida
Polymeric materials in 5s
inhbil
2+
Fe(oct),,, + oct <--> [Fe(oct)],,, + (oct),, High molecular weight organic compounds reduced using
the corrosion rate of metals [22-271. Most of them poly ar
were nitrogeneous materials containing a fatty ionisa
chain as part of their structure. Aliphatic fatty nitrog
The barrier film contains unreacted octynol they I
acid derivatives, imidazolines and quarternaries,
possibly chelated with iron a s well a s hydrocarbon and I
esters can also be used. m- methyl cyclohexanol,
reaction product. The film is not stable without prevei
ester of adipic acid and didecyl ester of benzyl
an equilibrium concentration of octynol in solution corro
succinic acid have good protective properties. They
which is able t6 adsorb and act as the "anchor"
inhibit by adsorption. The effectiveness of polyac
for the hydrocarbon. The polymer product has
corrosion inhibitors on wet steel was improved by that
been identified as an unsaturated oligomer of
the addition of an ester of a glycol or polyglycol H2S0
reduced octynol. 2-methyl-3 butyn-2-01 (MBO),
propargyl alcohol (PA), 3-butyn-2-01 (BO) and
e.g., ethylene glycol diacetate or tripolyene glycol -==A
monoacetate. Fatty acid esters 1281 having the polym
2-butyn-1,4- diol (BD) have been found to inhibit
general formula RCO0.CH2 CH, (CH, CH20), mild
the corrosion of iron in hydro chloric acids [19].
CH2CH,0H where R = fatty acid hydrocarbon reacti
PA offered more inhibition in 1.0 N acid solution
chain (C1,) and n is the average number of (PW
while MBO offered highest inhibition. The
oxyethylene units present in the polyglycol and iron i
monomeric inhibitor molecule underwent
polyethylene glycol were tested as inhibitors in
polymerisation so that a polymeric two
0.05 N HC1 solutions a t 343 K. These compounds
dimensional system was formed which lightly
adsorbed on the surface obeying Langmuir
adhered to the metal. In the case of BO and PA,
isotherm. They offered' large coverage due to the
the polarisation of the triple bond was stabilised
long hydrocarbon chain and by the presence of OH
first by a non-classical carbonium ion and then by
groups. Being hydrophilic in nature, the OH
a keto configuration which was known to complex
groups counter acted the effect of chain length and
with FeOHad,. The terminal -C=C- bond did not
ensured higher solubilities.
favour x bond interaction because of steric
hindrance.
Epoxidised fatty materials modified with aromatic
The inhibition mechanism of PA was investigated amines were found very useful for mitigation of
for iron corrosion in 0.5 M HCl at elevated corrosion of mild steel in HCl [29]. For iron in 5
temperature using surface enhanced Raman N H2S0, solutions, poly vinyl pyrrolidone having
scattering XPS and FTIR [20]. SERS spectra of a molecular weight of the order of 10,000 to
PA adsorbed on an irap Fe-deposited silver 40,000 was an effective inhibitor [31]. A water
electrode revealed that species derived from PA soluble melamine-formaldehyde resin was
have C=C, ECH, C=O bonds. A high inhibitor developed [31] and the film formed in higher
efficiency of PA a t 343 K was attributed to the concentrations of HCl afforded lower protection.
coverage of the surface with a protective film of Detailed investigations carried out on polyamide
PA polymer and partly to adsorption of ally1 epoxy systems in acid solutions revealed that the
alcohol formed by cathodic reduction of PA. Electro presence of an amino group, a fatty cyclic
initiated polymerisation of PA theory was dimerised acid and an imidazoline ring in the
proposed. In H,SO, -t- H,S system [21] the polyamide [32] resin contributed towards good
adsorption of H2S and SH-} on electrode surface inhibitive properties. The amine cations were
slowed down the formation of polymer film of PA. adsorbed on the cathodic area of the metal surface
 SUBRAMANIA et al. -- Polymeric corrosion inhibitors

through nitrogen atoms thereby forming a mono

- An overview

corrosion of mild steel in 1N H2S04 and 1 N HC1

solutions were inhibited by polyamide macrocyclic
I
molecular layer over the metal surface [33-341.
compounds. 3,4:11,12-dibenzo-2,5:10,13 tetraoxo -
Amido polyamines [35] were found to be inhibitors
1,6,9,14 - tetra azocyclohexadecane (TBOAD) acted
in 5N HC1 a t 333 K offering more than 95%
a s mixed inhibitors [42].
inhibition. The polyamide resins were prepared by
using dimerised vegetable oil acid and aliphatic The use of radical polymerisation in a solution of
polyamines. The amido polyamines (APA) form an acrylamide (AA) and oligo (oxy ethylene) metha
ionisable salts in 'acid medium. The positive crylate (OEGMA) for corrosion and protection of
nitrogen centres of these compounds ensured that steel in highly acidic solutions. At moderately
they could not be discharged a t the cathode sites elevated temperature, OEGMA provided higher
and adsorbed through the nitrogen atom. They inhbition compared to AA [43]. Poly(4-vinyl
prevented hydrogen discharge and thereby pyridene poly -3-oxide ethylene) (PAVPP30E) was
I corrosion.Electrochemical studies carried out on investigated a s inhbitor for Armco iron in
i polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide [36] revealed H2S04. The observed 99% inhibition was due to
l that they offered 80% protection to steel in adsorption and the adsorbed molecules obeyed
i H,S04 and HC1 acid solutions. Methacrylonitrile Frumkin isotherm [44]. Polymers of acrylamide
/-K$,o, system offered inhbition by "insitu" with specific polar end group namely thio malic
polymerized film formation.The film formed on acid have been synthesised, characterised and
mild steel [37] affected both anodic and cathodic evaluated for their corrosion inhibition property for
reactions in acid corrosion. Polyethoxy aniline mild steel in acids. The inhibition efficiency found
' (PEA) dissolved in ethanol act a s a n inhibitor for to depend on polyacryl amide backbone length
b;iron in 1N HC1 solutions [38]. The co-existence of [45l.
delocalised n electrons and the quarternary
[ammonium nitrogen in the polymer facilitate its
Conducting polymers
:strong adsorption on the iron surface. The
[adsorption of these polymers obey the Temkin Intrinsically conducting polymers were tried a s
I.
kieotherm. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone and poly
1 ethylenimine mitigated the low carbon steel
corrosion inhbitors [46]. The conductirig polymers
are unprocessable due to a rigid backbone
lcorrosion [39] in H3P04 solutions. They adsorbed structure because of extensive delocalization of sr
i
I on the surface hindered the anodic reaction and electrons. This availability of sr electrons in
thereby corrosion. Pectine (P), carboxy methyl abundance enabled them to be good corrosion
i
i cellulose (CMC), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly inhibitors provided these are made soluble in some
'ethylene glycol (PEG), poly acrylic acid (PAA) and common solvents and have atleast "some"
sodium poly acrylate (NaPA) within the solubility in acidic solutions. Polyaniline has been
concentration range 0.02 to 0.2 gm.dm-3 to control known for more than a century [47] polyaniline
the corrosion of iron in HC1, HC10, and H2S04 was made soluble in dimethylsulphoxide and
eolutions [40]. The effectiveness of polymer dimethylformamide [48]. Modified polyaniline
additives as anodic inhibitors in a corrosive polymeric chain [38] by introducing an ethoxy
group a t the ortho position to the N-H bond was
found to be a good inhibitor for iron in 1.0 N HC1.
d affected the inhibition in H,S04 solutions. The co-existence of delocalised sr electrons and the
lyamino-benzoquinones (PAQ) inhibited the quaternary ammonium nitrogen facilitated its
corrosion of mild steel in 1N H,S04 and 1N HC1 strong adsorption. The adsorbed polymer molecules
lutions. They strongly adsorbed on the active obeyed Tempkin isotherm. Commercially available
ltes and formed a protective film formed affected water soluble acetylene black I1 which has a
th anodic and cathodic reactions [41]. The structural similarity to polyaniline proved to be a

53
 SUBRAMANIA e t . al. - Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview

good inhibitors for iron under acidic conditions formed g

TABLE I: Structural units of
WI. some important polymeric scale inhibitors than H,
improved
Inhibitors for non-ferrous m a t e r i a l s i n especially
acidic m e d i u m
Polymer
Silver and copper were protected by the use of
During
spin applied conjugated polymers such as Name formed Y
polyanilines and the addition of KI and PA offered
including
synergistic effect [50]. The presence of iodide ions
ions, th
in the solutions stabilised the adsorption of PA
4cryliC solids, th
molecules and improved the inhibition efficiency of
the rate
PA. In the solutions containing propargyl alcohol
and pree
there was a less possibility of polymerisation of
the coq
PA. The corrosion of copper was inhibited by
reduces
PMTA (1-phenyl-5-mercapto tetrazole). The
across tfi
polymer a m was found to be superior to those Mahruylii
formed by TTA (tetrazole), BTA (benzotriazole), NaturaUj
HBTA (hydroxy benzotriazole), MBT(2-mercapto tragad
Maleic
benzothiozole), MBI(2-mercapto benzoimidazole), tannins,
IBM (imidazole) and chromates [51]. MBT used forr
inhibited copper corrosion in 0.01 M HClO, and Malaic anhydride

ethanol [52].The polymeric complexes involving

copper ions and the ionised form of thiol offered
inhibition. The effect of drag reducing polymers on Acrylamide
the rate of flow induced corrosion of metals were
studied [53]. The corrosion rate of metals was
found to decrease in the presence of WSR-301. At
a given polymer concentration, the maximum
inhibition was found to be a decreasing function
of the acid concentration and occurred between a
Reynold's number of 4500 and 6000 depending on
the acid concentration. 250 ppm polyox offered
Phosphoric
23% inhibition in 0.25 M acid solutionsAt elevated
temperatures the copolymer of vinyl imidazole(V1)
and vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTS) offered Sulphonic
inhibition for copper corrosion [54].
The corrosion inhibition of nickel in 0.5 M Phosphinic

H2S04 solution by 2-(tri phenyl phosphoanylidene),

succinic anhydride (2 TPSA), 1 4 , 8 1 1 tetra
azocyclotetradecane (cylcon) and N,N'-bis (2-amino Phosphonic
ethyl)-1,3, propane diamine were studied. The
inhibition efficiency varied with chemical structure
[55]. The inhibition of nickel corrosion in 1.0 N
HC1 and H2S04 solutions . by means of
3-methyl-1-butyne-3-01(H), its halo derivatives and
1-octyn-3-01 (OCT) revealed these compounds
 SUBRAMANIA et al. - Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview
formed polymeric films. OCT was more efficient majority of the polymers are based on acrylic or
than H but the efficiency of the latter can be maleic acid (Table I). Low molar mass samples
improved by replacing the H in C=CH by halogen, are found to be the most effective. It is usually
especially iodine [56]. necessary to use high inltlator concentrations
and/or radlcal transfer agents in the preparatlon
Polymeric scale inhibitors of these polymers.
During water treatment in boilers, the scales The pH in desalination systems is between 8 and
formed depends on a number of parameters g and the temperature is 451-482 K. In cooling
including the concentratians of lattlce forming water systems the pH is in between 6.5 and 8.5
ione, the amounts of dissolved and suspended and the temperature is 303-348 K. In boilers the
solids, the pH and flow properties of the solution, pH is 10-12 and the temperature is 473-573 K a t
the rate of evaporation, the operating temperature a pressure of 1380-4150KPa. The type and nature
and pressure of the system [57]. Scale facilities of scale formed in these systems will depend on
the corrosion of surfaces, restricts fluid flow, the sauce of water, temperature and pH.
reduces the quantity of heat that is transferred (Table 11) summarises some of the scaling
across the metal fluid boundary [58-591. components and the polymers that have been
Naturally occurring polymers such a s starch, gum reported [63-641.
tragacanth, car box^ methyl cellulose, skins Both hydroxyl and sulphonates groups in polymer
tannins, hgnosul~honates and gelatin were first structures have the ability to prevent such
used for scale control. They modify the crystal size gelatlon with calcium ions. Inorder to prevent
and dispersants of micro crystallites [60-611. They gelation, effectwe polymers for scale inhibition
tend to oxidise a t high temperatures and may must contain a certain level of these hydrophilic
promote the decomposition of scale to carbon. groups. A series of new co polymers based on
Large quantities are required to affect Scale these were developed that are (-0-
formation. Recently s u b - S t ~ i ~ h i ~ m eamounts
tri~ of polymerised products of acrylic acid (A& with 2-

which are thermally stable and [65]. They inhibited calcium scales in the optimum
provide corrosion protection for the heat exchanger molar ratlo of AN HAPS 92.517.5.
surfaces are employed [62].
Sulphonated acrylate polymer (SAP), phosphmo
Polymeric scale inhibitors may contain catlonic, sulphonated acrylate polymer (PSAP), maleic ter
anionic, non ionic or ampholytic groups. The
TABLE 11: Scale components and inhibitos for water systems

Scale component Active polymeric unit

Calcium carbonate Maleic, acrylic, sulphonated styrene

Methacrylic, acrylarnide, meta phophate
Carboxylic-phosphonic, carboxylic sulphonic
Magnesium hydroxide Maleic anhydride, vinyl sulphonate epoxy succinic
Calcium silicate Acrylic-acrlamide, maleic-ally1 sulphonate
Magnes~umphosphate Carboxylic-phosphonic
Carboxylates
Maleic, acrylic, ally1 polyethylene glycol, carboxylicsulphonic

55
 SUBRAMANIA et al. -- Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - An overview

polymer (MTP) were tried as scale inhibitors [66]. found to be an antiscalant and inhibitor in
MTP was proved to be an excellent CaCO, desalination operations [73]. The inhibiting action
inhibitor. Sulphonation of a n acrylate backbone of 3-(trimethoxy silyl) propane thol-1 (TMSPT)
provided good calcium phosphate inhibition and polymer film on steel corrosion in 3% NaCl
particulate dispersancy. The phosphino group solutions were studied. It acted as a passivating
provided enhanced inhibition properties to CaCO,, cathodic and anodic inhibitors. The formation of a
Ca,(P0J2 in SAP. The sulphonated polymers and chemisorbed methoxy silane compound which
MTP provided zinc stabilisation properties. modified the surface shifted the free corrosion
Recently it was found that meth acrylic acid - potentials to nobler values [74].
acrylamide copolymer with thio acetic acid end
group has performed well as an antiscalent [67].
1
b.
6. Fan
Bell
Polymeric inhibitors for non-ferrous I 7. C W
materials in neutral media 8. J I
Polymeric inhibitors for ferrous materials in
Nea
neutral media 3-mercapto propyl trimethoxy silane(MPS) has 9. RH
In cooling water systems various cationic and been used as a copper corrosion inhibitor in 0.1 M bakc
anionic polymers were studied. Polyethylene oxide KC1 solution [75]. In presence of oxygen i t acted 89 (

(PEO) and polydimethyl sulphoxide (PDMS) were 10. 0 L

as a mixed inhbitor. The polymer film formation
262j
found to be effective inhbitors for ferrous and non on the surface was confirmed by polarized grazing 11. R 1
ferrrous materials in fresh water systems angle Fourier transform-infra red (FTIR) analysis. Inhi
[68].Polyethylene imine(PE1) and its derivatives, Vinyl silane modified imidazole copolymer [76] was 12. J pa
polyacrylamine (PAAM) and poly dicyano diamide found to be a n inhibitor for copper corrosion. The 13. I N
derivative (PDCDA) as cationic polymers and poly free radical copolymerisation of vinyl imidazole
maleic acid and its derivatives polyacrylic acid and (VI) and vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTS) was carried
its derivatives and poly acrylic acid a s anionic out in benzene a t 341M K using azobis isocyanate
polymers were found to be anti-scaling and butyonitrile a s initiator. The inhibitory action of
corrosion inhibitors [69]. In low CaC1, solutions different pretreatment with meta acryloxy propyl
the inhibition efficiency for anionic polymers methoxy silane (MAOS) on the corrosion of
depended on number, average molecular weight, aluminum in 3.5% NaCl solutions revealed that
content of carboxylic group and concentration of the siloxane polymeric film formed by MAOS acted
-COOH groups. The anionic polymers were a s a good corrosion inhibitor [77].
competitively adsorbed with Ca2+ ions on steel. To
protect mild steel in 60 ppm chloride solutions
[70] a new polymer based phosphonic acid was CONCLUSION
synthesised and studied. The tartrate-ethylene
diamine phosphonic acid (TEDPA) found to offer Organic compounds adsorb on the surface and
inhibition in presence of zinc ions. In 3% NaCl interact with the surface. Some compounds form
solutions, polyaniline coated mild steel and polymeric films and prevent the surface coming
stainless steel specimens exhibited enhanced into contact with the corrosion environment.
corrosion protection [71]. A monolayer of ll-mer- Polymers act both as antiscalants and inhibitors.
capto-l-undecanol adsorbed on the electrolytically Conducting polymers and biodegradable polymeric
reduced iron surface was modified with tetra materials may also play vital role in future to
ethoxy silane, octyl triethoxy silane andlor octa protect materials from deterioration.
decyl triethoxy silane (TES). The two dimensional
polymer film of the monolayer modified twice with Acknowledgetnetrt: The authors are thankful to the
Management and the Principal, PSG College of Technology for 26.
TES and subsequently with C18 TES protected
their constant support and encouragement. The financial
iron in aerated 0.5 M NaCl solutions [72]. Poly assistance provided by AICTE, New delhi to Dr A S under 27.
amino poly ether methylene phosphonate was - Career Award scheme 1s also gratefully acknowledged.

56
 SUBRAMANIA et al. - ,Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - A n overview

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