Banjo L. De los Santos.
October 2, 2020
BTVTED Computer Programming 3. Internet of Thing
1. What are the components of Internet of thing Architecture?
The Applications and Analytics component is the piece that processes and displays the information
collected via IoT. It includes analytics tools, AI and machine learning, and visualization capabilities.
Technologies for this component range from traditional analytics and visualization packages, such as R,
IBM SPSS and SAS, to specialized IoT tools and dashboards from cloud providers, such as Amazon,
Google, Microsoft, Oracle and IBM, as well as application suite vendors, including SAP, Salesforce and
others.
The integration component is one that's often overlooked by IoT teams, yet it's crucially important. This
is the component that ensures that the applications, tools, security and infrastructure integrate
effectively into existing companywide ERP and other management systems. Providers include the
aforementioned software and cloud players, as well as a range of open source and middleware
providers, such as Oracle Fusion Middleware, LinkSmart, Apache Kafka and DynThings Open Source IoT
Platform.
Security is another component that's often overlooked. IoT security includes securing the physical
components of the system via firmware and embedded security providers, such as Azure Sphere,
LynxOS, Mocana and Spartan. Traditional security vendors, such as Forescout, Symantec and Trend
Micro, also offer packages that focus specifically on securing IoT.
Infrastructure component This includes physical devices -- IoT sensors, which capture information, and
actuators, which control the environment. Communicating with, controlling and capturing information
from the sensors and actuators require a set of networks and platforms. There's the physical network on
which the sensors or actuators actually reside; typically, though not always, this is a wireless network,
such as Wi-Fi, 4G or 5G.
2. What are the stages of IoT solution architecture?
Stage 1. Networked things (wireless sensors and actuators)
The outstanding feature about sensors is their ability to convert the information obtained in the outer
world into data for analysis. In other words, it’s important to start with the inclusion of sensors in the 4
stages of an IoT architecture framework to get information in an appearance that can be actually
processed. Because of this, sensing and actuating stage covers and adjusts everything needed in the
physical world to gain the necessary insights for further analysis.
Stage 2. Sensor data aggregation systems and analog-to-digital data conversion.
Even though this stage of IoT architecture still means working in a close proximity with sensors and
actuators, Internet getaways and data acquisition systems (DAS) appear here too. Specifically, the later
connect to the sensor network and aggregate output, while Internet getaways work through Wi-Fi,
wired LANs and perform further processing.
The vital importance of this stage is to process the enormous amount of information collected on the
previous stage and squeeze it to the optimal size for further analysis. Besides, the necessary conversion
in terms of timing and structure happens here.
Stage 3. The appearance of edge IT systems
During this moment among the stages of IoT architecture, the prepared data is transferred to the IT
world. In particular, edge IT systems perform enhanced analytics and pre-processing here. For example,
it refers to machine learning and visualization technologies. At the same time, some additional
processing may happen here, prior to the stage of entering the data center. Stage 3 is closely linked to
the previous phases in the building of an architecture of IoT. Because of this, the location of edge IT
systems is close to the one where sensors and actuators are situated, creating a wiring closet.
Stage 4. Analysis, management, and storage of data
The main processes on the last stage of IoT architecture happen in data center or cloud. Precisely, it
enables in-depth processing, along with a follow-up revision for feedback. Here, the skills of both IT and
OT (operational technology) professionals are needed. In other words, the phase already includes the
analytical skills of the highest rank, both in digital and human worlds. Therefore, the data from other
sources may be included here to ensure an in-depth analysis.
3. What it Arduino 168 at its parts?
The Arduino 168 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega168 (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator,
a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-
DC adapter or battery to get started. "Diecimila" means 10,000 in Italian and was named thusly to mark
the fact that over 10,000 Arduino boards have been made. The Diecimila is the latest in a series of USB
Arduino boards; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
