Description and Application Manual: For 2SB315B SCALE Dual-Channel Plug-And-Play IGBT Drivers

2SB315B
Description and Application Manual

for 2SB315B SCALE Dual-Channel
Plug-and-play IGBT Drivers
Driver solution for 130mm x 140mm dual IGBT modules with
fiber-optic interface for 2-level topologies
Abstract
The 2SB315B is a dual-channel driver based on CONCEPT’s 2SD315AI SCALE driver

core, a proven technology for the reliable driving and safe operation of IGBTs.
The driver is matched to several dual IGBT modules with dimensions of 130mm x
140mm. Its plug-and-play capability makes it ready to operate immediately after
mounting. The user needs invest no effort in designing or adjusting it to a specific
application.
Fig. 1a 2SB315B screwed onto a 130mmx140mm IGBT module (bottom view)
IGBT-Driver.com Page 1
2SB315B
Contents
System Overview ............................................................................................. 4
The Six Steps to Success.................................................................................. 5

1. Choose a suitable driver.................................................................................................5
2. Attach the drivers to the IGBT modules...........................................................................5
3. Connect the driver to the control electronics ...................................................................5
4. Select the operating mode .............................................................................................5
5. Check the driver function ...............................................................................................6
6. Set up and test the power stack .....................................................................................6
Pin Designation of Connector X2 ..................................................................... 7
Description of Interface X2.............................................................................. 7

General.............................................................................................................................7
VDC terminal.....................................................................................................................7
VDD terminal ....................................................................................................................7
Description of Jumper J1 (mode selection) ..................................................... 8
Description of Fiber-Optic Inputs .................................................................... 9
Description of Fiber-Optic Outputs (status feedback & edge acknowledge) ... 9
Recommended Interface Circuitry for Fiber Optics ....................................... 11
Protection Concept ........................................................................................ 12

Power-supply monitoring ................................................................................................. 12
Short-circuit and overcurrent protection ............................................................................ 12
Active clamping ............................................................................................................... 13
Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 14
The Information Source: SCALE Driver Data Sheets...................................... 15
Quite Special: Customized SCALE Drivers...................................................... 15
Evaluation Systems........................................................................................ 15
Customer-Specific Systems ........................................................................... 15
Consulting and Training................................................................................. 16
Page 2 CT-Concept.com
2SB315B
Technical Support .......................................................................................... 16
Quality ........................................................................................................... 16
Disclaimer ...................................................................................................... 16
Ordering Information .................................................................................... 17
Information about Other Products ................................................................ 17
Manufacturer ................................................................................................. 17
Fig. 1b 2SB315B screwed onto a 130mmx140mm IGBT module (top view)
2SB315B
System Overview
The 2SB315B comprises the standard driver 2SD315AI (see /3/ for more details)
mounted on a basic board. It is based on the proven SCALE technology developed by
CONCEPT and implemented more than a hundred thousand times. For further
information on this technology, refer to /1/, /2/ and /3/.
Vce Monitoring
Power Supply C
Interface X2 Dz
Driver Rg2
Q
Rg1
G
Fiber Optics Dgc
E
GND
2SD315AI
Basic board
Fig. 2 Separation of universal (red) and IGBT-specific functions (green)
The basic board contains all gate resistors, gate-clamping and active-clamping diodes
(overvoltage protection), the diodes for the collector-sense function (surge-current and
short-circuit protection) as well as the electrical and fiber-optic connectors. Moreover, it
includes components for setting the turn-off trip level, the response time and the dead
time between both channels in half-bridge mode. Its plug-and-play capability means
that it is ready to operate immediately after mounting. The user needs invest no effort
in designing or adjusting the driver to a specific application.
The driver parameters that must be specifically matched to the IGBT module are placed
on the basic board, which is completely assembled and tested by CONCEPT. The basic
boards are assembled with the smallest possible gate resistor in order to minimize
switching losses. The values for the gate resistors and other key components can be
found in the specific datasheets for a given IGBT module.
2SB315B
The Six Steps to Success
The following steps point out the easy way to use 2SB315B drivers in
power converters:
1. Choose a suitable driver

When applying 2SB315B drivers, you should note that they are specifically adapted to a
particular type of IGBT module.
The type designation of the driver consequently also includes a number corresponding
to a specific IGBT module (see “Ordering Information”).
These drivers are not valid for IGBT modules other than those specified.
Incorrect use may result in failure.
2. Attach the drivers to the IGBT modules

Any handling of IGBT modules or drivers is subject to the
general specifications for protecting electrostatic-sensitive
devices according to international standard IEC 747-1,
Chapter IX or European standard EN 100015 (i.e. the
workplace, tools, etc. must comply with these standards).
If these specifications are ignored, both IGBTs and drivers may be damaged.
The driver can be easily mounted onto an IGBT module by screwing the corresponding
terminals.
3. Connect the driver to the control electronics

Connect the driver plug X2 to your control electronics and supply the driver with a
voltage of +15V. Connect the fiber-optic transmitters and receivers.
4. Select the operating mode

The operating mode can be set with jumper J1. For details, see page 8.
2SB315B
5. Check the driver function

Check the gate voltage: For the off-state, the nominal gate voltage is –15V. For the on-
state, it is +15V. Also check the input current consumption of the driver without clock
signals and at the desired switching frequency.
It is recommended that these tests be performed before installation, as the gate
terminals may otherwise not be accessible.
6. Set up and test the power stack

Before starting up the system, it is recommended that each IGBT module be checked
separately under power-cycling conditions. It is usually sufficient to apply the single or
double-pulse technique.
Even if only single IGBTs are tested, all the system’s gate drivers must be
supplied with energy. All the other IGBTs can then be kept in the off state by
applying negative gate voltages. This is particularly important when
switching the IGBTs under test.
The short-circuit behavior can also be verified at this point.
The system is then ready to start under real-world load conditions. This allows the
thermal behavior of the whole arrangement to be determined.
The system must be re-qualified over the entire specified range of temperature and
load conditions.
CAUTION: All handling with high voltages involves

risk to life.
It is imperative to comply with the respective safety
regulations!
2SB315B
Pin Designation of Connector X2
Pin Des. Function Pin Des. Function
1 VDC +15V for DC/DC converter 2 GND Ground

3 VDC +15V for DC/DC converter 4 GND Ground
5 VDD +15V for electronic input side 6 GND Ground
7 VDD +15V for electronic input side 8 GND Ground
9 N.C. Not Connected 10 N.C. Not Connected
Description of Interface X2
General
The driver is equipped with a 10-pin interface connector. The even-numbered pins 2, 4,
6 and 8 are used as GND connections. The odd-numbered pins 1, 3, 5 and 7 are used
for +15V voltage supply.
VDC terminal
The driver has two VDC terminals on the interface connector to supply the DC-DC
converters for the secondary sides.
As the driver delivers a total power of 2 x 3W = 6W, the maximum input current drawn
from the +15V supply is approx. 0.5A (total for terminals VDC and VDD).
VDD terminal
The driver has two VDD terminals on the interface connector to supply the input side of
the electronics.
The VDD and VDC terminals can be connected to a single +15V power supply. A
terminal is split into separate pins only for testing.
2SB315B
Description of Jumper J1 (mode selection)
The Jumper J1 located on the primary side near to the connector X2 allows the
operating mode to be selected. In position 1, direct mode is selected and in position 3
half-bridge mode is selected.
Half-bridge mode
In this mode, the fiber-optic inputs InA (channel 1/IGBT 2) and InB (channel 2/IGBT 1)
have the following functions: input InA is the PWM signal input while input InB acts as
the enable input.
When fiber-optic input InB is off (light off), both channels are blocked. If it goes on
(light on), both channels are enabled and follow the signal on the input InA. At the
transition of input InA from off to on, channel 1 (IGBT 2) turns off immediately and
channel 2 (IGBT 1) turns on after a dead time. The dead times are set by RC networks
on the 2SB315.
PWM +15V
(InA)
0V
Enable +15V
(InB)
0V
Both channels OFF
Gate +15V
channel 2
(IGBT 1)
-15V
Gate +15V
channel 1
(IGBT 2)
-15V
Dead time (both channels OFF)
Fig. 3 Signals in half-bridge mode
Direct mode
In this mode, there is no interdependence between the two channels. Fiber-optic input
InA directly influences channel 1 (IGBT 2) while input InB influences channel 2 (IGBT
1). Light on at an input (InA or InB) always results in turn-on of the corresponding
IGBT. This mode should be selected only when the dead times are generated by the
control circuitry so that each IGBT receives its own drive signal. In this mode, both
channels can be driven either synchronously or with overlapping timing (i.e. for parallel
resonance converters).
2SB315B
Caution: Synchronous or overlapping timing of both switches of a half-bridge basically

shorts the DC link.
Description of Fiber-Optic Inputs
These are basically PWM inputs, but their function depends on the Mod input (see
above).
Description of Fiber-Optic Outputs (status feedback & edge

acknowledge)
During normal operation (i.e. the driver is supplied with power at nominal voltage, and
there is no fault anywhere), the status feedback is “light on” at the optical link. A
malfunction is signaled by “light off”.
Each edge of the control signal is acknowledged by the driver with a short pulse (light is
off for a period of about 1μs). As this can be observed by the host controller, this
method allows simple and continuous monitoring of all drivers and fiber-optic links of
the system. Figure 4 shows the control and response signals of a gate driver for normal
operation.
Vin (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = IGBT ON)

0
400ns
Vge
0
500ns
50ns Typ. 1us 50ns Typ. 1us

Light OFF = Edge Acknowledgement
Vstat
(Fiber Optic Link Light ON = OKAY)
0
Fig. 4 Driver behavior and status feedback in normal operation
In the failure condition (short-circuit, over-current or power-supply undervoltage), the

driver shuts the IGBT off within the response time. The IGBT is kept in the off state for
approx. 1 second (blocking time). The failure status is transferred to the status
feedback terminal as soon as the switching signal (fiber-optic input) changes. In this
case, the fiber-optic output is driven to “light off” for approx. 12ms. After this time it is
reset automatically.
2SB315B
N.B. In the failure condition of one channel, the automatic reset circuit causes the
channel without failure to be switched off approx. 8ms after a switching signal change
of the channel with failure. The channel without failure would be enabled again approx.
4ms later and would be switched on if the input switching signal is on. So it is
absolutely necessary to switch off both channels as soon as one status
output goes to the failure condition in order to avoid uncontrolled switching
of the channel without failure.
Figure 5 shows the response of the driver in the case of the failure condition.
Vin
0 (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = IGBT ON)
Response time
400ns
Vge
0
50ns Typ. 1us 50ns
Vstat (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = OKAY)

Light OFF > 2us = Error Feedbac
0
Light OFF < 2us = Edge Acknowledgement
Fig. 5 Failure status feedback; signals under short circuit or over-current conditions
N.B. During power up, the status feedback will also show a failure condition during
about 8ms. After this time it is reset automatically.
2SB315B
Recommended Interface Circuitry for Fiber Optics
The fiber-optic links are available in two versions (refer to the relevant data sheet /4/).
The recommended circuitry for the fiber-optic links is given in Fig. 6 (standard version)
and Fig. 7 (Opt. 1).
+5V
+5V
C1
R1
120 ohm 470n
FOL Receiver
GND HFBR-2522
3
VCC RL 4
1
VO 1 Status Feedback
Drive Signal Q1 FOL Transmitter
BC327 HFBR-1522
GND
2
GND GND GND
Fig. 6 Recommended circuitry for the “versatile” fiber-optic links (standard version)
+5V
+5V
C1
R1
56 ohm 470n
FOL Receiver
GND HFBR-2412T RL
2
2
6
7
VCC
Status Feedback
Drive Signal Q1 FOL Transmitter 6
BC327
HFBR-1412T
GND
3
3
7
GND GND GND
Fig. 7 Recommended circuitry for the “ST” fiber-optic links (Opt. 1)
2SB315B
Protection Concept
Only a brief overview will now be given of the functions of the SCALE driver chipset
used here. For further information about the chipset, refer to /1/.
Power-supply monitoring
An under-voltage monitoring circuit blocks the driver if the supply voltage drops below
about 10…11V. In this case, the IGBT is driven with a negative gate voltage to keep it
in the off-state. A failure condition is transmitted.
The monitoring is performed locally on each gate driver (integrated in the IGD 001).
Short-circuit and overcurrent protection

Each channel of a SCALE driver is
Driver equipped with a Vce-monitoring circuit.
Input +15V The circuit is inactive during the
Voltage 0V response time applied to ensure that
the IGBT is fully turned on (see Fig. 8).
In the event of failure due to Vce
IGBT +15V monitoring or power-supply under-
Gate 0V voltage lock-out, the IGBT is kept in
Voltage -15V the off-state for a blocking time during
which all drive signals are ignored. The
+Vdc blocking time is applied independently
to each channel by IGD 001. It starts
when Vce exceeds the threshold of the
IGBT Vce-monitoring circuit. With the next
Collector transition of the drive signal, the
Voltage Vth “error” information is transferred for
0V storage to the LDI 001, whose
respective status output goes to the
failure condition. The driver then
Response time
ignores any drive signal. The error
Fig. 8 Turn-on characteristic of an IGBT information is reset only about 3.5ms
after the first transition in the drive
signal.
2SB315B
Active clamping
Simple gate driving leads to the typical turn-off transition shown in Fig. 9. Turn-off with
a specified minimum gate resistance is critical, particularly for trench-gate IGBT chips,
due to the high rate of decrease of the collector current. To minimize turn-off losses,
therefore, the 2SB315B features an active clamping function. This technique is designed
to turn the IGBT on partially whenever the collector-emitter voltage exceeds a
predefined threshold. The IGBT is then kept in linear operation. The basic circuitry is
shown in Fig. 10.
Vce(max) = Vdc + Vtr

Ls1
D Vce Vtr
Ic
L
Id Vdc
Lesr Ls3
IL
Current Sense
Resr
0
t
Vdc Ls4
+ C
Ic Vge
0
Q Vce
Driver
Vge t
Ls2 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
Fig. 9 Test circuit (left) and typical switching characteristics (right)
Legend to Fig. 9
t0 = Initiation of the turn-off process
t1 = Start of collector-emitter voltage rise
t2 = Start of collector current drop
t3 = Maximum collector-emitter voltage
t4 = IGBT is blocking, start of tail current
t5 = End of tail current
2SB315B
In comparison with other driving methods, active clamping allows enhanced utilization
of the IGBT modules during normal operation by increasing the switching speed and
thus reducing switching losses. Furthermore, active clamping manages the over-voltage
under changed operating conditions.
The active clamping function should not lead the user to forget about the inductances
of the power stack.
Iz
Dz
+15V Ic
Driver
Q
Rg
ID Ig
-15V
Fig. 10 Basic circuitry for active clamping
Bibliography
/1/ Description and Application Manual for SCALE Drivers, CONCEPT
/2/ The “SCALE” IGBT Driver, a new, scalable, compact, all purpose, low cost, easy-
to-use driver for IGBTs, H. Rüedi & P. Köhli, PCIM 1998 Proceedings
/3/ Data sheet 2SD315AI, CONCEPT
/4/ Data sheets of specific 2SB315, CONCEPT
Note: The paper /2/ is available on the Internet at www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/papers
2SB315B
The Information Source: SCALE Driver Data Sheets
CONCEPT offers the widest selection of gate drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs for
almost any application needs. The largest website on gate-drive circuitry anywhere
contains all data sheets, application notes and manuals, technical information and
support sections: www.IGBT-Driver.com
Quite Special: Customized SCALE Drivers
If you need an IGBT driver that is not included in the delivery range, please don’t
hesitate to contact CONCEPT or your CONCEPT sales partner.
CONCEPT engineers have more than 20 years experience in the development and
manufacture of intelligent gate drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs and have already
implemented a large number of customized solutions.
Evaluation Systems
The evaluation systems used with EconoDual modules are designed particularly for
development, verification, qualification and testing. They contain IGBTs, driver boards
and DC-link capacitors, completely mounted and 100% tested. CONCEPT offers systems
with various heat sinks or without coolers.
For details see: www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/plug-and-play
Customer-Specific Systems
CONCEPT develops and produces complete power equipment and systems according to
the customer’s specifications.
2SB315B
Consulting and Training
CONCEPT provides consulting and training services to customers on optimal procedures

in power control, ideal circuit topologies as well as general do’s and don’ts in the
development of power electronics.
Technical Support
CONCEPT provides expert help with your questions and problems:

www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/support
Quality
The obligation to high quality is one of the central features laid down in the mission
statement of CT-Concept Technologie AG. The quality management system covers all
stages of product development and production up to delivery. The drivers of the SCALE
series are manufactured according to the ISO9001:2000 quality standard.
Disclaimer
This data sheet specifies devices but cannot promise to deliver any specific
characteristics. No warranty or guarantee is given – either expressly or implicitly –
regarding delivery, performance or suitability.
CT-Concept Technologie AG reserves the right to make modifications to its technical
data and product specifications at any time without prior notice. The general terms and
conditions of delivery of CT-Concept Technologie AG apply.
2SB315B
Ordering Information
The general terms and conditions of delivery of CT-Concept Technologie AG apply.

Related IGBT CONCEPT Driver Type #
See current list on www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/2SB315B
Information about Other Products
For drivers adapted to other high-voltage or high-power IGBT modules

Direct link: www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/plug-and-play
For other drivers and evaluation systems
Please click: www.IGBT-Driver.com
Manufacturer
CT-Concept Technologie AG
Intelligent Power Electronics
Renferstrasse 15
CH-2504 Biel-Bienne
Switzerland
Tel. +41 - 32 - 344 47 47

Fax +41 - 32 - 344 47 40
E-mail [email protected]
Internet www.IGBT-Driver.com
© Copyright 2005…2008 by CT-Concept Technologie AG - Switzerland. All rights reserved.

We reserve the right to make any technical modifications without prior notice. Version of 2008-02-02

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2SB315B

Description and Application Manual

The 2SB315B is a dual-channel driver based on CONCEPT’s 2SD315AI SCALE driver

Fig. 1a 2SB315B screwed onto a 130mmx140mm IGBT module (bottom view)

System Overview ............................................................................................. 4

The Six Steps to Success.................................................................................. 5

Description of Interface X2.............................................................................. 7

Description of Fiber-Optic Inputs .................................................................... 9

Description of Fiber-Optic Outputs (status feedback & edge acknowledge) ... 9

Recommended Interface Circuitry for Fiber Optics ....................................... 11

Protection Concept ........................................................................................ 12

Quite Special: Customized SCALE Drivers...................................................... 15

Customer-Specific Systems ........................................................................... 15

Consulting and Training................................................................................. 16

Ordering Information .................................................................................... 17

Information about Other Products ................................................................ 17

Fig. 1b 2SB315B screwed onto a 130mmx140mm IGBT module (top view)

The Six Steps to Success

1. Choose a suitable driver

2. Attach the drivers to the IGBT modules

3. Connect the driver to the control electronics

4. Select the operating mode

5. Check the driver function

6. Set up and test the power stack

CAUTION: All handling with high voltages involves

Pin Designation of Connector X2

Pin Des. Function Pin Des. Function

1 VDC +15V for DC/DC converter 2 GND Ground

Description of Jumper J1 (mode selection)

Dead time (both channels OFF)

Fig. 3 Signals in half-bridge mode

Caution: Synchronous or overlapping timing of both switches of a half-bridge basically

Description of Fiber-Optic Inputs

Description of Fiber-Optic Outputs (status feedback & edge

Vin (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = IGBT ON)

50ns Typ. 1us 50ns Typ. 1us

Fig. 4 Driver behavior and status feedback in normal operation

In the failure condition (short-circuit, over-current or power-supply undervoltage), the

50ns Typ. 1us 50ns

Vstat (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = OKAY)

Light OFF < 2us = Edge Acknowledgement

Recommended Interface Circuitry for Fiber Optics

GND GND GND

GND GND GND

Fig. 7 Recommended circuitry for the “ST” fiber-optic links (Opt. 1)

Short-circuit and overcurrent protection

Vce(max) = Vdc + Vtr

Fig. 9 Test circuit (left) and typical switching characteristics (right)

Fig. 10 Basic circuitry for active clamping

Note: The paper /2/ is available on the Internet at www.IGBT-Driver.com/go/papers

The Information Source: SCALE Driver Data Sheets

Quite Special: Customized SCALE Drivers

Consulting and Training

CONCEPT provides consulting and training services to customers on optimal procedures

CONCEPT provides expert help with your questions and problems:

The general terms and conditions of delivery of CT-Concept Technologie AG apply.

Information about Other Products

For drivers adapted to other high-voltage or high-power IGBT modules

Tel. +41 - 32 - 344 47 47