NAME:

ROLLNO:

CLASS: 12

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 1

 CERTIFICATE

NAME:

ROLLNO:

CLASS:

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ____________ OF CLASS XII HAS

SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED CHEMISTRY PROJECT ON THE

TOPIC "Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Aniseed(Saunf),

Carum(Ajwain) and Cardamom(illaichi)" AS PRESCRIBED BY Mr./Mrs.

_________________Sir/Ma’am, DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2018-2019 AS PER THE GUIDELINES ISSUES BY CENTRAL BOARD

OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

TEACHER IN CHARGE SIGNATURE:

EXAMINER’S SIGNATURE: PRINCIPAL’S

SIGNATURE:

SCHOOL SEAL:

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all
those who have provided me with the opportunity to
perform this project.
I would like to thank my Subject name teacher Mr/
Ms.Teacher Name, whose valuable guidance has
helped me to complete the project. Her /His
suggestions and instructions have served as a major
contributor towards the successful outcome of this
project.
I take this opportunity to thank our head of the
institution, Mrs. Jayalakshmi Shastry, who was always
supportive and helpful in fulfilling all our academic
requirements.
I would like to thank my parents for giving
encouragement, enthusiasm and invaluable
assistance to me.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all my
classmates who have supported me in various
aspects.

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 3

 Table Of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION

2 AIM

3 ANISEED OIL(SAUNF)

4 CARUM OIL (AJWAIN)

5 CARDAMOM (ILLAICHI)

6 EXPERIMENT

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 4

 INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma

compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea etc.

volatile substances which can be extracted from

recovery processes such as steam and vacuum

distillation are

preferred for the extraction of essential oils from plant

materials. Virtually all naturally occurring essential

oils are made up of hydrocarbons such as camphene,

pinene, limonene, phellandrene, cedrene, and

oxygenated hydrocarbons such as alcohols,

aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones, lactones, phenols

and organic acids. The essential oil get their odours

from the oxygenated compounds contained in them

and these confer stability on the oil against oxidation.

The hydrocarbons are less stable and they are

responsible for the degradation observed in the oils. The hydrocarbons contained

in the essential oils are often removed so that the oils can be more stable and still

retain their odours and flavours.

Essential oils are made up of highly

numerous plant species. Distillation based

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 5

 AIM
Extraction of essential oils present in

Saunf(Aniseed), Ajwain(Carcum) and

Illaichi(Cardamom)

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 6

 ANISEED OIL
(SAUNF)
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation

Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum

Color: Clear

Aromatic Description:Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.

Constituents: a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-anethole, trans-

anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde, acetoanisole.

Uses:

• In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu.

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 7

 • Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both hunting and

fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish.

• Anethole, the principal component of anise oil, is a precursor that can

eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the

clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB.

• Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an aromatic carminative to

relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with

liquorice.

• Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide against small insects such

as head lice, mites and vermin. It also has fungicidal properties.

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 8

 CAROM OIL(AJWAIN)

Botanical name : Trachyspermum ammi

Common Method of Extraction : Distillation

Aroma: Warm, Pungent,Peppery

Extraction:

Ajwain oil is extracted from the crushed seeds of ajwain by the method of

steam distillation.

Chemical composition:

The main constituents of the ajwain oil are thymol, gamma-terpinene,

pcymene, and beta-pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacrol,

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 9

limonene, and terpinene-4-ol.There are variations in the composition of ajwain oils

depending upon the region where it is cultivated.

For instance, ajwain oil collected from Southern India is rich in thymol.

Uses:

• Skin Ailments: Ajwain can help with pimples.

• Digestive Aid:One can treat indigestion, ulcers, and various other bacterial

infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and essential oil.

• Aromatherapy: Useful in aromatherapy, ajwain oil offers calming sensations

that relieves neuralgia and migraines.

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 10

 CARDAMOM OIL
(ILLAICHI)
Extraction:

Cardamom oil is extracted using steam distillation method. For this, seeds of

Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamonum

Common Method Of Extraction: Steam Distillation

Aroma: Very complex and smooth spice aroma

the fruit are used just before they ripe. The yield through this process is normally 1

to 5 per cent.

Chemical Composition:

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 11

 Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene,

limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl acetate,

a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol, geraniol, methyl

eugenol and trans-nerolidol.

Uses: Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for treatment of sciatica,

coughs, abdominal pains, spasm and nervous disorders. Traditionally, it is used for

pulmonary disease, fever, digestive and urinary problems in India and China for over

3000 years. It is also used to flavour pharmaceutical products. Apart from

pharmaceutical usage, cardamom oil is also used as a fragrant in soaps, perfumes

and cosmetic products.

EXPERIMENT
Materials Required:
• Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
• round bottom flask (500 ml),
• conical flask
• Condenser
• glass tubes
• iron stand

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 12

• sand bath
• separatory funnel
• tripod stands
• burners
• Ajwain(Carum)
• Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
• Saunf(Aniseed)

Procedure:
1.Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
2.Take about 750ml of water in the steam generator and start heating
to produce steam.
3.In the round bottom flask take about 75g of crushed saunf(aniseed).
4.A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
5.A part of the steam condenses in
the round bottom flask. As more
and more steam is passed, the
steam volatile components of

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 13

 saunf pass through condenser along with steam. These contents
on condensation are collected in the receiver.
6.The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen
burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
7.The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
8.Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
9.Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250ml conical flask and
dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
10.Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a
water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
11.Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour,
odour and weight of the essential oil.

Observations:
1.Saunf(Aniseed):
Weight of Saunf taken= 100g
Initial weight of the bottle= 10g(x)
Weight of bottle+essential oil= 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential extracted= (y-x)= 1.25g
Percentage of essential oil=(y/100)*100=1.25%

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 14

 Colour of the oil= Colourless
Odour of the oil= saunf like smell

2. Ajwain(Carum):
Weight of Saunf taken=75g
Initial Weight of the bottle=10g(x)
Weight of the bottle+essential oil=11g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted=(y-x)=1g
Percentage of essential oil= (y/75)*100=1.33%
Colour of the oil= colourless Odour of
the oil= Ajwain like smell

RESULT:
Essential oils present in aniseed, carum and cardamom are extracted
from this method.

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 15

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• www.slideshare.net

• www.icbse.com

• www.zemvelocare.com

• www.katyaniexports.com

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