CONTROL STRUCTURES
CONTROL STRUCTURES
or flow of control is a block of programming
structure that check variables and choose a
direction in which condition body should go
based on given parameters.
3 BASIC TYPES OF CONTROL STRUCTURES
Sequence
Selection/Conditional
Repetition/Iteration
SEQUENTIAL FLOW
Sequential execution Statement 1
takes place when
statements are
Statement 2
executed one after
another in order
Statement 3
CONDITIONAL FLOW
The selection structure used
for decisions, branching – Test
False
Expression
choosing between 2 or Statement if
False
more alternative paths. True
Statement if
If Statement True
Switch Case
ITERATION FLOW
Loops can execute a block of code Initialization (Counter)
as long as a specified condition is
False
reached. Condition
It repeats a collection of the same Update counter
statement multiple times while the True
statement is true. Loop when
True
While
STOP
For
CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
• Conditional Statements are used to make decisions based on
the conditions.
• Conditional statements execute sequentially when there is
no condition around the statements.
• If you put some condition for a block of statements, the
execution flow may change based on the result evaluated
by the condition.
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified
condition is true
Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same
condition is false
Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition
is false
Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be
executed
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS (IF STATEMENTS)
Problem Case #1
Display “Positive Number” if the value is 1.
Problem Case #2
Display “Positive Number” if the value is a positive number (1,2,3..so
on...)
Problem Case #3
Display “Positive Number” if the value is a positive number.
Otherwise, display “Negative Number”.
Problem Case #4
Display “Zero” if the value is zero (0). Display “Positive Number” if the
number is a positive number. Otherwise, display “Negative Number”.
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS - IF
Use the if statement to specify a block of Java
code to be executed if a condition is true.
Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS - IF
Problem Case #1
Display “Positive Number” if the value is 1.
OUTPUT:
Positive Number
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS - IF
Problem Case #2
Display “Positive Number” if the value is a positive
number (1,2,3..so on...)
OUTPUT:
Positive Number
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS – IF/ELSE
Use the else statement to specify a block of code
to be executed if the condition is false.
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_conditions.asp
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS - IF/ELSE
Problem Case #3
Display “Positive Number” if the value is a positive
number. Otherwise, display “Negative Number”.
OUTPUT:
Negative Number
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS – IF/ELSE IF/ELSE
Use the else if statement to specify a new
condition if the first condition is false.
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_conditions.asp
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS - IF/ELSE IF/ELSE
Problem Case #4
Display “Zero” if the value is zero (0). Display “Positive Number” if the
number is a positive number. Otherwise, display “Negative Number”.
OUTPUT:
Zero
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS – SWITCH CASE
Use the switch statement to select one of many
code blocks to be executed.
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_switch.asp
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS – SWITCH CASE
The switch expression is evaluated once.
The value of the expression is compared with the values
of each case. If there is a match, the associated block of
code is executed.
break takes the flow of control out of the switch
statement
default works if no match on the cases above
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_switch.asp
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS (SWITCH CASE)
Problem Case #5
Display the weekday name based on the following values:
1 Sunday
2 Monday
3 Tuesday
4 Wednesday
5 Thursday
6 Friday
7 Saturday
OUTPUT:
Wednesday
