Pre-Calculus Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 10

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics – SHS Grade 11 Pre-Calculus
Activity Sheet No. 10
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

by the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

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or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Pre-Calculus Learning Kit

Writer: Jerlyn O. Baquiano

Illustrator: Patrick T. Lomigo

Layout Artist: Krishea Mae P. Jaruda

Division Quality Assurance Team:
Dr. Julio J. Villalon
Dr. Kim Jay C. Encio
Rosanna A. Daitao

Division of Iloilo Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga,
Mr. Ronald T. Genine,

1
Introductory Message

Welcome to Senior High School Grade 11 Mathematics(Pre-Calculus).

The Pre- Calculus Learning Kit is a product of the collaborative efforts of the
Scools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western Visayas through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division(CLMD). This is developed to guide the
learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible adults) in helping our learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist learners in acquiring the
lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and employment.

For the learning facilitator:

The Learning Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-
to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners
with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Learning Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging
activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments.
This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

2
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) (For SHS Mathematics)
School:_________________________________________________________
Name of Learner:_________________________________________________
Grade Level:_____________________________________________________
Section:_________________________________________________________
Date:___________________________________________________________

PRE-CALCULUS ACTIVITY SHEET

LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric functions.

GENERALIZATION

The Eight Fundamental Identities

Basic Identities Common Equivalent Forms

1 1
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 csc 𝜃
1 1
Reciprocal sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 sec 𝜃
1 1
cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃
sin 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃
cos 𝜃
Ratio or Quotient
cos 𝜃
cot 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cot 𝜃
sin 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 = ±√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
Pythagorean
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2 2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃
cos 𝜃 = ±√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

EXAMPLES 1
Find the value of trigonometric function given the value of its reciprocal.
3
1. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = , 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 ?
5
4. If 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑎 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = ?
√3
2. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = − , 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 ? 5. If 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ?
2

3. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 ?

Solutions:

3
 5
1. csc 𝜃 =
3
2 2√3
2. sec 𝜃 = − =−
√3 3
1
3. cot 𝜃 = 2
1
4. sin 𝜃 = 𝑎

5. cos 𝜃 = 1

EXERCISES 1
Find the value of trigonometric function given the value of its reciprocal.
7
1. If 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = 4 , , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃.
5
2. If 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 3 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 .
1
3. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 5 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 .
4
4. If sin 𝜃 = 5,
, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 csc 𝜃.
5
5. If sin 𝜃 = − 6 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 csc 𝜃.

EXAMPLES 2
Find the value of trigonometric functions using the ratio identities.
3 4.
1. If sin 𝜃 = − 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 tan 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cot 𝜃.
5
2 √5
2. If cot 𝑥 = 5√5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin x = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 cos 𝑥.
3

Solution
Using the ratio identities we have
3
sin 𝜃 − 3
5
1. tan 𝜃 = = 4 = −4
cos 𝜃
5
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 5 4
cot 𝜃 = = 3 = −3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −
5

Note that, once we found tan 𝜃 , we can use the reciprocal identity to find cot 𝜃:
1 1 4
cot 𝜃 = = 3 =−
tan 𝜃 − 3
4
cos 𝑥
2. cot 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
2 cos 𝑥
= √5
5√5
3

√5 2 cos 𝑥 √5 √5
[ ] =[ √5
]3 , multiply both sides by
3 5√5 3
3

√5 2
3
• 5√5
= cos 𝑥
2
= cos 𝑥
15
EXERCISES 2

4
 Find the value of each expression using the given information.
1 √35
1. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥.
6
3 4
2. Find 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑖𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = − 5
5
5 12
3. Find 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑖𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = − 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = − 13

4. Find 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = √3 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 sin 𝑥.

7 2√10
5. If 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥.
3

EXAMPLES 3
Use the equivalent forms of the Pythagorean identity to find other trigonometric
values.
3
1. If sin 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝐼𝐼 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃.
5
1
2. If cos 𝜃 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝐼𝑉, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜃 .

Solutions
1. cos 𝜃 = ±√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
3
cos θ = ±√1 − ( 5 )²

9
= ± √1 − 25

16
= ±√25
4 4
= ±5 , 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝐼𝐼, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 cos 𝜃 = − 5

2. The first and easiest ratio to find is sec θ, because it is the reciprocal of cos θ.
1 1
sec 𝜃 = = =2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1
2
Next, we find sin 𝜃. Since 𝜃 terminates in QIV, sin 𝜃 will be negative. Using
one of the equivalent forms of the Pythagorean identity, we have

sin 𝜃 = −√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

1 1 3
= −√1 − (2) ² = −√1 − 4 = −√4

√3
sin 𝜃 = −
2
Note that we have 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃, 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 tan 𝜃 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦.

5
 √3
sin 𝜃 − 2
tan 𝜃 = = = −√3
cos 𝜃 1
2
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
1 1 √3 1 2 2√3
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = =− =− 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = =− =−
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 √3 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 √3 3
Here are all six ratios together:
√3 2 2√3 1
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = − =− cos 𝜃 = 2 sec = 2 tan 𝜃 = −√3
2 √3 3

1 √3
cot 𝜃 = − =−
√3 3

EXERCISES 3A

Use the equivalent forms of the Pythagorean identity to solve the following.
3
1. Find sin θ if cos θ = 5 and θ terminates in QI.
1
2. Find cos θ if sin θ = 3 and θ terminates in QII.
4
3. If sin θ = − 5 and θ terminates in QIII , find cos θ.
1
4. If cos θ = − 2 and θ terminates in QII, find sin θ

EXERCISES 3B

Find the remaining trigonometric ratios of θ if :

12
1. cos θ = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝐼
1
2. cos θ =− 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝐼𝐼𝐼

EXAMPLES 4

1. Write tan θ in terms of sin θ.

Solution:
When we say we want tan θ in terms of sin θ, we mean that we want to write an
expression that is equivalent to tan θ but involves no trigonometric function other
than sin θ.
sin 𝜃
tan θ = cos 𝜃

Note we need to replace cos θ with an expression involving only sin θ. Since
cos θ = ±√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ, we have

6
 sin 𝜃
tan θ =
cos 𝜃

sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 √1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

tan θ = = ± √1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 = ±
±√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜃 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

2. Write sec θ tan θ in terms of sin θ and cos θ, and then simplify.
Solution
1 sin 𝜃
Since sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
1 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 = ∙ cos 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃
cos 𝜃

EXERCISES 4
Write each of the following in terms of sin θ and cos θ, and then simplify if possible.
1. cos θ cot θ
2. csc θ tan θ
sec 𝜃
3. csc 𝜃
sin 𝜃
4. csc 𝜃

5. sec θ tan θ csc θ

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Refer to the link below:
https://www.purposegames.com/game/soh-cah-toa-game

REFLECTION
Complete the following sentences:
1. The most challenging part of this learning activity was..

2. In this learning kit I learned that..

7
 REFERENCES
Pre-Calculus for Senior High School-STEM Specialized Subject , Winston S. Sirug
https:wwww.wtamu.edu/academic/anns/mps/math/mathlab/col_algebra/col_alg_tut24_t
est2_ans.htm
http://chesshir.weebly.com/uploads/8/6/7/9/86790154/chapter_5_trigonometric_identitie
s_and_equations.pdf

ANSWER KEY
Exercises 1 Exercises 2 Exercises 3A
4 1 √35 4
1. sin 𝜃 = 1.cot x = = 1. sin 𝜃 =
7 √35 35 5
3 2√2
2. cos 𝜃 = 5 3 2. cos 𝜃 = −
2. tan θ = − 4 3
3. cot 𝜃 = 5 3. cos 𝜃 = − 5
3
5 12
4. csc 𝜃 = 4 3. cot θ = √3
5 4. sin 𝜃 = 2
6
5. csc 𝜃 = − 5 √3
4. sin x = l
2

7 √10
5.sec x = 20

Exercises 3B
12 13 5 Exercises 4
1. cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
13 12 13
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
1. sin 𝜃

5 12 13 sin 𝜃 1
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 2.sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
12 5 5
sin 𝜃
3.cos 𝜃
1 2√2
2. cos 𝜃 = − 3 sec 𝜃 = −3 sin 𝜃 = − 3
4.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
sin 𝜃 1
5.𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
√2 3√2
tan 𝜃 = 2√2 cot 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = −
4 4