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Lesson 3.3: Graphs of Circular Functions and Situational Problems

This document discusses periodic functions and graphs of the sine and cosine functions. It defines a periodic function as one where the value repeats after a fixed period. The sine and cosine functions are periodic with a period of 2π, as the circumference of the unit circle is 2π. The document explains how to graph the sine function by plotting points from a table of x-values and their corresponding sin(x) values, using symmetry, and connecting them with a smooth curve. This results in the well-known sine wave pattern that repeats every 2π units.

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Aerl Xuan
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41 views5 pages

Lesson 3.3: Graphs of Circular Functions and Situational Problems

This document discusses periodic functions and graphs of the sine and cosine functions. It defines a periodic function as one where the value repeats after a fixed period. The sine and cosine functions are periodic with a period of 2π, as the circumference of the unit circle is 2π. The document explains how to graph the sine function by plotting points from a table of x-values and their corresponding sin(x) values, using symmetry, and connecting them with a smooth curve. This results in the well-known sine wave pattern that repeats every 2π units.

Uploaded by

Aerl Xuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3.

3
Graphs of Circular Functions
and Situational
Problems
3.3.1 Graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x
Periodic Functions
Many things in daily life repeat with a predictable
pattern: in warm areas
electricity use goes up in summer and down in
winter,
the price of fresh fruit goes down
in summer and up in winter, and attendance at
amusement parks increases in spring
and declines in autumn. Because the sine and
cosine functions repeat their values in a
regular pattern, they a
re periodic functions. Figure
3.24
shows a sine graph that
represents a normal heartbeat.
Periodic Function
A periodic function is a function f such that
푓
(
푥
)
=
푓
(
푥
+
푛푝
)
,
for every real number x in the domain of f, every
integer n, and some positive
real
number p. The smallest possible positive value of p
is the period of the
function.
The circumference of the unit circle is
2π,
so the smallest value of p for which
the sine and cosine functions repeat is
2π.
Therefore, the sine and cosine functions are
pe
ri
odic functions with period 2π.
Graph of the Sine Function
In Lesson 3
.1 we saw that for a real number s, the point on the
unit circle
corresponding to s has coordinat
es (cos s, sin s). See Figure 3.25
. Trace along the circle
to verify the results shown
in the table.
Figure 3.24
To avoid confusion when graphing the sine function,
we use x rather than s; this
corresponds to the letters in the xy
-
coordinate system. Selecting key values of x and
fi
nding the corresponding values
of sin x
leads to the table in Figure 3.26
. To obtain th
e
traditional graph in Figure 3.26
, we plot the points from the table, use symmetry,
and join
them with a smooth curve. Since
y = sin x
is periodic with period
2π
and has domain
(
−
∞
,
∞
)
, the graph cont
inues in the same pattern in both directions. This
graph is called
a sine wave or sinusoid.
Sine Function
풇
(
풙
)
=
퐬퐢퐧
풙
Domain:
−
∞
,
∞
Range:
[
−
1
,
1
]
Figure 3.25
Figure 3.26

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