Ch. 1 Circuit Variables Circuit Elements
Ch. 1 Circuit Variables Circuit Elements
(EELE 2312)
Basil Hamed 2
Problem Solving
Basil Hamed 3
The SI Units
Quantity Basic Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram Kg
Time second S
Electric Current ampere A
Need
Design Specifications
Concept
Circuit Model
Ideal Circuit Components
Circuit Analysis
Physical Prototype
5
1.2 Voltage, Current, & The Basic Circuit Element
The concept of Electric Charge is the basis for
understanding all electrical phenomena
The
Separation
The
Charge
electrical
of
is bipolar
charges
effects
(+ve
expends
caused
& -ve)
by
energy.
charges
Voltage
in
ismotion
the energy
Electric depend
Charge peron
unit
existsthe
incharge
rate ofcreated
discrete charge by
flow.
the
quantities
Electric Current
(1.6022×10 separation
-19
C) is theofrate
charges.
of charge flow.
d
dq
i to separation of
Electrical Effects attributed
dt
dq
charges and charges in motion
6
1.3 The Ideal Basic Circuit Element
8
1.4 Power and Energy
d
p
dt
d dq
p
dq dt
p i 9
1.4 Power and Energy i=4 A and ʋ=-10 V
Working Example
P=-(-10)(4)=40 W
10
1.5 Voltage and Current Sources
Electrical Source is a device that is capable of converting
nonelectric energy to electric energy and vice versa
12
1.5 Voltage and Current Sources
Dependent Sources
14
1.5 Voltage and Current Sources
15
Example 1.1
Using the definition of the ideal independent voltage and current
sources, state which interconnections in the following figures are
permissible and which violate the constraints imposed by the ideal
sources
Valid Invalid
Valid
Valid Invalid
16
Example 1.2
Using the definition of the ideal independent and dependent
sources, state which interconnections in the following figures are
valid and which violate the constraints imposed by the ideal
sources
Invalid Valid
Valid Invalid
17
Electrical Resistance
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Electrical Resistance
Ohm’s Law
iR
iR Ohm's Law
i G
R
1
G
R
p i
2
i
p i 2R
G
2
p 2G
R
19
Example 1.3
In each of the following circuits υ or i is not known. (a) Calculate
the value of υ or i, (b) Determine the power dissipated in each
resistor.
8V -20 V
10 A -2 A
20
Example 1.3
21
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
7 Unknowns
Ohm's Law
1 i 1R1 c i c R c l i l R l
The algebraic sum of all currents at
KCL any node in a circuit equals zero
i i 0
s 1 i i 01 i i 0
c i i 0
c l l s
22
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
node a i1 i 4 i 2 i 5 0
node b i 2 i 3 i1 ib i a 0
node c ib i 3 i 4 ic 0
node d i 5 ia ic 0 24
Example 1.5
Sum the voltages around each designated path in the circuit
shown.
path a 1 2 4 b 3 0
path b a 3 5 0
path c b 4 c 6 5 0
path d a 1 2 c 7 d 0 25
Example 1.6
Use Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law to find io in the circuit shown and test
the solution for io by verifying that the total power generated equals the
total power dissipated.
i1 io 6 0
120 10i o 50i 1 0 p 50 3 50 450 W
2
26
Example 1.7 t 30 5i t
The terminal voltage and the terminal current were measured on
the device shown in the figure shown and the values are
tabulated. (a) construct a circuit model of the device inside the
box, (b) using the circuit model, predict the power this device will
deliver to a 10 Ω resistor.
t 30 5i t
30 5i 10i 0
30 15i
30
i 2 A
15 2
p10 2 10
p10 40 W 27
Analysis of Circuits
Containing Dependent Sources
10 6i s o 3i o 3 V
5 50
5 p10V 10 W
is A 5
3 3
3 p 3i s 3 1 5 W
3i s 2i o 3i o 3 2
5 50
3 p 6 i s 6 6
2
W
io i s 1 A 3 3
p 2&3 i o 5 1 5 5 W
2 2
5 29
End of
Chapter One
Basil Hamed 30