Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Important Extra
Questions Matrices
Matrices Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type
Question 1.
|i−j|
Write the element a23 of a 3 x 3 matrix A = [aij] whose elements atj are given by : 2
Solution:
|i−j|
We have [aij] = 2
|2−3| |−1|
∴ a23 = 2
=
2
=
1
Question 2.
For what value of x is
1 2 0 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
[1 2 1]⎢2 0 1⎥⎢2 ⎥ = 0 ? (C.B.S.E. 2019(C))
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
1 0 2 x
Answer:
We have
1 2 0 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
[1 2 1]⎢2 0 1⎥⎢2 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
1 0 2 x
0
⎡ ⎤
[1 + 4 + 1 2 + 0 + 0 0 + 2 + 2] ⎢ 2 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦
x
0
⎡ ⎤
[6 2 4 ]⎢ 2 ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦
x
⇒ [0 + 4 + 4x] =0
⇒ [4 + 4x] = [0]
⇒ 4 + 4x = 0.
Hence, x = -1.
Question 3.
Find a matrix A such that 2A – 3B + 5C = 0,
−2 2 0 2 0 −2
Where B = [ ] and C = [ ]
3 1 4 7 1 6
Solution:
Here, 2A – 3B + 5C = 0
⇒ 2A = 3B – 5C
Question 4.
cos α − sin α
If A = ( ) , then for what value of ‘α’ is A an identity matrix? (C.B.S.E. 2010)
sin α − cos α
Solution:
cos α − sin α
Here A = ( )
sin α − cos α
1 0
Now A = I = ( ) when
0 1
cos α = 1 and sin α = 0.
Hence, α = 0.
Question 5.
Find the values of x, y, z and t, if:
x z 1 −1 3 5
2[ ] + 3[ ] = 3[ ]
y t 0 2 4 6
Solution:
We have :
⇒ 2x + 3 = 9 …………. (1)
2z – 3 = 15 …………. (2)
2y = 12 …………. (3)
2t + 6 = 18 …………. (4)
From (1), ⇒ 2x = 9 – 3
⇒ 2x = 6
⇒ x = 3.
From (3) 2y = 12
⇒ y = 6.
From (2), ⇒ 2z – 3 = 15
⇒ 2z = 18
⇒ z = 9.
From (4), 2t + 6 = 18
⇒ 2t = 12
⇒ t = 6.
Hence, x = 3,y = 6, z = 9 and t = 6.
Question 6.
2 0 1
⎡ ⎤
If A = ⎢ 2 1 3⎥ , then 몭nd (A2 – 5A). (CBSE 2019)
⎣ ⎦
1 −1 0
Solution:
2 0 1
⎡ ⎤
We have A = ⎢ 2 1 3⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 −1 0
Then A2 = AA
Question 7.
3 1 1 0
If A = [ ] and I = [ ] , 몭nd k so that A2 = 5A + b kI (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper
−1 2 0 1
2018-2019)
Solution:
⇒ 8 = 15 + k and 3 = 10 + k
⇒ k = -1 and k = -7.
Hence, k – -7.
Question 8.
If A and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BA are both de몭ned, then prove that AB
– BA is a skew symmetric matrix. (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2019)
Solution:
Since A and B are symmetric matrices,
∴ A’ = A and B’ = B …(1)
Now,(AB – BA)’= (AB)’ – (BA)’
= B’A’ – A’B’
= BA – AB [Using (1)]
= – (AB – BA).
Hence, AB – BA is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Question 9.
2 3
For the matrix A = [ ] 몭nd (A + A’) and show that it is a symmetric matrix. (A.I.C.B.S.E.
5 7
2019)
Solution:
4 8
Now (A + A’)’ = [ ] = (A + A’)
8 14
Hence (A + A’) is symmetric
Question 10.
0 a −3
⎡ ⎤
If the matrix A = ⎢ 2 0 −1 ⎥ is skew symmetric, 몭nd the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’: (C.B.S.E.
⎣ ⎦
b 1 0
2018)
Solution:
Comparing, 2 = -a ⇒ a = -2
and – 3 = -b ⇒ b = 3.
Hence, a = -2 and b = 3.
Matrices Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type 1
Question 1.
Find the values of a, b, c and d from the following equation :
2a + b a − 2b 4 −3
[ ] = [ ] (N.C.E.R.T)
5c − d 4c + 3d 11 24
Solution:
We have
2a + b a − 2b 4 −3
[ ] = [ ]
5c − d 4c + 3d 11 24
Comparing the corresponding elements of two given matrices, we get:
2a + b = 4 …(1)
a-2b = – 3 …(2)
5c-d = 11 …(3)
4c + 3d = 24 …(4)
Solving (1) and (2):
From (1),
b = 4 – 2a …(5)
Putting in (2), a – 2 (4 – 2a) = – 3
⇒ a – 8 + 4a = -3
⇒ 5a = 5
⇒ a = 1.
Putting in (5),
b = 4 – 2(1) = 4 – 2 = 2.
Solving (3) and (4):
From (3),
d = 5c- 11 …(6)
Putting in (4),
4c+ 3 (5c- 11) = 24
⇒ 4c + 15c – 33 = 24
⇒ 19c = 57
⇒ c = 3.
Putting in (6),
d = 5 (3) – 11 = 15 – 11 = 4.
Hence, a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 and d = 4.
Question 2.
9 −1 4 1 2 −1
If [ ] =A+[ ] then 몭nd the matrix A. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
−2 1 3 0 4 9
Solution:
Comparing:
9 = a11 + 1 – 1 = a12 + 2,
4 = 113 – 1, -2 = a21
1 = a22 + 4, and 3 = a23 + 9
22 23
a11 = 8, a12 = – 3,
a13 = 5, a21 = -2
a22 = – 3, and a23 = – 6.
8 −3 5
Hence, A = [ ]
−2 −3 −6
Question 3.
2 2 6 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
If A = = ⎢ −3 1⎥ B=⎢1 3⎥ 몭nd the matrix C such that A + B + C is a zero matrix.
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
4 0 0 4
Solution:
Comparing :
8 + c11 = 0 ⇒ c11 = -8,
4 + C12 = 0 ⇒ C12 = -4,
– 2 + C21 = 0 ⇒ C21 = 2
4 + C22 = 0 ⇒ C22 =- 4,
4 + c31 = 0 ⇒ C31 = -4
and 4 + c32 = 0 ⇒ C32 = -4.
−8 −4
⎡ ⎤
Hence, C = ⎢ 2 −4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
−4 −4
Question 4.
8 0 2 −2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
If A = ⎢ 4 −2 ⎥ B=⎢ 4 2⎥ then 몭nd the matrix ‘X’, of order 3 x 2, such that 2A +
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
3 6 −5 1
3X = 5B. (N.C.E.R.T.)
Solution:
We have : 2A + 3X = 5B
⇒ 2A + 3X-2A = 5B-2A
⇒ 2A-2A + 3X = 5B-2A
⇒ (2A – 2A) + 3X = 5B – 2A
⇒ O + 3X = 5B – 2A
[ ∵ – 2A is the inverse of2A]
⇒ 3X = 5B – 2A.
[ ∵ O is the additive identity]
Hence, X = 1
3
(5B – 2A)
Question 5.
If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then write the value of 7A – (I + A)3, where I is an
identity matrix. (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2014)
Solution:
(I + A)2 = (I + A) (I + A)
= II + IA + AI + AA
= I + A + A + A2
= I + 2A + A [∵ A2 = A]
= I + 3A …(1)
∴ (I + A)3 = (I + A)2 (I + A)
= (I + 3A) (I + A) [Using (1)]
= II + IA + 3AI + 3AA
= I + A + 3A + 3A2
= I + A + 3A + 3A [∵ A2 = A]
= I + 7 A …(2)
Hence, 7A – (I + A)3 = 7A – (I + 7A)
[Using (2)]
= -I.
Question 6.
Compute the indicated product:
2 3 4 1 −3 5
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
⎢3 4 5⎥⎢0 2 4⎥ (NCERT)
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
4 5 6 3 0 5
Solution:
Number of columns of A = Number of rows of B = 3.
Thus AB is de몭ned and is a 3 x 3 matrix.
Question 7.
IF A = , show that A2 – 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0 (N.C.E.R.T)
Solution:
Question 8.
Prove the following by the principle of Mathematical Induction:
3 −4
If A = [ ]
1 −1
1 + 2n −4n
than An = [ ] (N.C.E.R.T)
n 1 − 2n
Solution:
Set I. When n = 1
Thus the result is true when n = 1.
Step II. Let us assume that the result is true for any natural number m, where 1 ≤ m ≤ n
Thus the result is true when n = m+ 1.
Hence, by Mathematical Induction, the required result is true for all n ∈ N.
Question 9.
−2
⎡ ⎤
If A = ⎢ 4⎥ , B = [1 3 -6], then verify that (AB)’ = B’A’ (N.C.E.R.T.)
⎣ ⎦
5
Solution:
We have :
−2
⎡ ⎤
A=⎢ 4⎥ , B = [1 3 -6]
⎣ ⎦
5
From (1) and (2), (AB)’ = B’A’
which veri몭es the result.
Question 10.
1 3
By using elementary transformations, 몭nd the inverse of the matrix A = [ ]
2 7
(N.C.E.R.T.)
Solution:
(By Elementary Row Transformations)
We know A = I2A
Matrices Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type 2
Question 1.
Two farmers Ram Kishan and Gurucharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely
Basmati, Permal and Naura. The sale (in ?) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in
the month of September and October are given by the following matrices A and B :
