GE5 | PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF SPEECHES

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
(1) Discuss the principles of effective public speaking;
(2) Identify the types of speeches;
(3) Determine situations where public speaking can take place;
(4) Evaluate a speech;
(5) Reflect on a learning experience.

II. Warm-up:
Click the link below and watch the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H14bBuluwB8

Debriefing questions:
• What is the speech all about?
• What are your observations how the speaker delivered the speech?

III. Self-audit:
After completing the warm-up activity, tick the column that best describes your ability to
use and prepare computer and/or web-based presentation tools.
Answer the section as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there are no wrong
answers.
Usually Sometimes Seldom Never
(3) (2) (1) (0)
1. I have a clear purpose in developing
my speech.
2. I organize my speech effectively.
3. I am able to begin my speech with
an effective attention getter.
4. I have sufficient support for my
speech.
5. I document my sources properly.
6. I end my speech effectively.
7. I tailor fit my speech to the needs,
interests, values, and beliefs of my
audience.

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8. I feel confident and comfortable
when I deliver a speech in public.
9. I am attired appropriately when I
deliver my speech.
10. I avoid mannerisms or any
distractions of my speech.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL

Interpretation:

Score Level of Proficiency

26-30 Advanced
25-27 Proficient
23-24 Approaching Proficiency
21-22 Developing
20 and below Beginning

IV. Input:

ESSENTIALS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

There are a lot of people who are more comfortable communicating by sending messages through
electronic mail, social media, or cellular phones than in person. One reason probably is that
speaking on a one-to-one basis, or in either small or big group is intimidating and even terrifying.
However, you should know that having excellent communication skills can practically help you
express yourself clearly and confidently, gain the respect of other people, achieve your goals, and
succeed in life.
Competence in oral communication is also important because it makes you become an effective
leader: one who is able to (1) listen attentively to identify the conveyed meaning, (2) collaborate
with others, (3) use critical thinking and problem solving skills, (4) give appropriate feedback, and
(5) converse with others of different backgrounds. These are qualities that are relevant in the
present 21st century world.
As the name implies, public speaking is speaking in public. Your early exposures to it can either
be in school through hosting a program, reciting the loyalty pledge, reading the mechanics of
contests or games, campaigning during a campus election, or joining in declamation, oratorical,
impromptu and storytelling contests, or outside school such as giving a birthday wish to a
celebrator, reading verses in public during religious activities, or making public announcements.
Now, use these experiences to jumpstart your becoming an effective public speaker.
You may have heard from your teachers, coaches, or even from your family, friends and
classmates, or read from oral communication reference and self-help books about some of the time-

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tested principles of effective public speaking which can be categorized into Four Ms (Material,
Message, Methods of Delivery, and Manners in Speech).

MATERIAL

Material refers to your topic which can be about your experiences, observations, inspiration, or
anything you are interested to talk about it. For example, if you are into social media like Facebook,
Twitter or Instagram, you may be interested to talk about these topics: How social media helped
me find my one true love?
• My grandmother’s experience in social media. Cyberbullying in social media.
• Using social media to change the world.
• If you’re into sports, your speech topics may be about the following: Why I love
playing basketball?, My inspiration in becoming an athlete, How can the Philippine
team get old medals in the Olympics
If you can’t think of any idea about your topic, one best strategy is to get a pen and paper and
write down everything that is in your mind. Then, circle or underline the one that you are interested
in and really knowledgeable about. Once you have identified your topic, it is important to know
more about it.

MESSAGE

Message refers to the content or the main point of your speech, which can be supported by personal
stories or anecdotes–humorous or inspiring–and relevant statistics or ideas from newspapers and
academic journals, among others.
Take for example your topic is cyberbullying on social media. You can begin your speech by
sharing that you read through Twitter how your friend was bashed by his/her followers because of
his/her use of English language. You can describe the situation, make your own interpretation
and/or analysis which can be supported by research, then build a message that can be valuable and
relevant to your audience.
Or, let us your topic is the ways by which the Philippines can bag top prizes in the Olympics. You
can begin your speech by sharing your sentiments on the performance of the Philippine teams in
the recent Olympics, or by presenting a graph showing the Philippine standing in the medal tally
for the past years in that international major sport event. Then, provide some ways on how to
improve the performance of the team.
When you are developing your message, it is very important to know the needs, beliefs, and values
of your audience so that you can engage them easily in your speech. Once you have connected
with your audience, it will be easy for you to convey your message according to your goal or
purpose: to inform, to entertain, or to persuade.

1. Speech to inform seeks to provide the audience with a clear understanding of the concept
or idea presented by the speaker. The lectures of your teachers are best examples of this type.

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2. Speech to entertain seeks to provide the audience with entertainment. The humorous
speeches of your favorite speakers are best examples of this type.
3. Speech to persuade seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that
can influence their own ideas and decisions. The campaign speeches of the candidates for
government posts are best examples of this type.

METHODS OF DELIVERY

Methods of delivery refer to the style of delivery. These methods are manuscript, memorized,
impromptu, and extemporaneous.

Manuscript their speech is delivered by speakers who intend to read aloud their speech word for
word to their audience. Ex: Writing and/or reading a proclamation paper, public decision, or court
decision.
Memorized speech is delivered by speakers who intend to memorize their speech word for word.
This occurs when one delivers a declamation or oratorical piece for a contest or during a dathering.
Impromptu speech is delivered by speakers who are suddenly asked or requested by someone or a
group of people to say a few words about something.
Extemporaneous speech is delivered by speakers who intend to present a well-crafted speech. That
speech is fully and perfectly rehearsed ahead of a time. Example is when you accepted an invitation
of your former school to give an inspirational talk to the graduates.

MANNERS IN SPEECH

Manners in speech refer to the ethical standards in delivering a speech in public. Lucas (2011)
specified some of them.

1. Observe ethically sound goals. Avoid criticizing your teachers, family, friends, and other
people or promoting mass destruction, for instance, hacking.
2. Prepare all the time. You have a full responsibility to yourself and to your audience when
you are asked to deliver a speech. So, in order to fulfill it, you have to be prepared.
3. Tell the truth. Be accurate with your sources and data. Acknowledge the author of your
borrowed ideas including quotes, songs, phrases, and statistics, among others. Simply observe,
“Honesty is the best policy.”
4. Be sensible and sensitive. Your audience come from different backgrounds, so as much as
possible, respect their identity, affiliation, religion, beliefs, values, preferences, and orientation
through your language and gestures.

COMPONENTS OF A SPEECH

I. Introduction
a. Attention getter

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 b. Initial summary
c. Speaker’s credibility (telling the audience why you are the right person to talk about
the subject).
d. Relevance of the topic to the audience (stating what’s in it for the audience).
e. Self-introduction (optional).
f. Thesis statement.

II. Body
a. Main idea 1
• Supporting detail 1
• Supporting detail 2
b. Main idea 2
• Supporting detail 1
• Supporting detail 2
c. Main idea 3
• Supporting detail 1
• Supporting detail 2
d. Conclusion
• Closure (letting your audience know that you’re about to end your speech)
• Summary
• Call to action
• Powerful closing statement

POWER TIPS FOR BEGINNING AND ENDING A SPEECH

Your speech opening and closing should be related. The basic rule is that if you begin your speech
with a question, you refer to that question when you close your speech. Here are some techniques:

Techniques Examples

Analogy Opening: Think of your life as driving a car. You must always keep
your attention on the road and focus on where you are heading to. At
times, you need to look behind but you have to keep looking ahead
because life has to go on.

Closing: Drive your car safely, so you will have a happy life.

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Anecdote Opening: I was 20 years old when I experienced depression. It was
the time when a series of unfortunate events occurred
simultaneously. I barely slept and lost my appetite.

Closing: I would not have overcome my depression if not for the

people who value me. Now, I live a normal life, and it’s my chance
to pay forward what those great people did to me.

Humor Opening: My seven-year old nephew told me to avoid giving advice

in my speech. That is because I might be like Socrates who according
to him, after walking around and giving advice to people, he died
because the same people poisoned him.

Closing: I’m sure after my speech you won’t poison me because you
know in your heart that you learn something significant today.

Provocative Rhetorical Opening: Why are some people able to achieve things that seem
Question impossible?

Closing: So, why do some people achieve things that seem

impossible? That’s because of hard work and right attitude.
Quotation Opening: I have decided to live by Abraham
Lincoln’s words: “Most people are about as happy as they make their
minds up to be.”

Closing: Lincoln’s words are such an uplifting phrase.

Startling Statistics Opening: One out of every three children in the Philippines suffers
from human trafficking.

Closing: We can no longer afford to let more children to suffer from

human trafficking. It’s about time ti put a stop to this horror.

V. Delving Deeper:
Watch the videos below in order to deeply understand the lesson.
1. TED's secret to great public speaking | Chris Anderson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FOCpMAww28
2. Dananjaya Hettiarachchi - World Champion of Public Speaking 2014 - Full Speech
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbz2boNSeL0&pbjreload=101

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VI. Task:
Record a one-minute video of yourself talking about this topic:
“The Philippine Government”
Apply all the tips you have learned from this topic.
Upload your video on the designated submission bin.

VII. Reflection:

Reflect on the learning that you gained from this lesson by completing the given chart.

What were your misconceptions about the topic What new or additional learning have you
prior to taking up this lesson? gained from this lesson in terms of skills,
content, and attitude.
I thought… I learned that…

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