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Trigonometric Ratio'S: Dr. Rashed Al Karim PHD (Malaysia) Mba (Uk) M.Sc. (Cu) B.Sc. (Cu)

The document defines trigonometric ratios and their relationships to angles and triangles. It discusses: 1) Trigonometry is the measurement of triangles, and defines angles as rotations about a point. 2) Trigonometric ratios relate the sides of a right triangle to an angle. Ratios include sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant. 3) Examples demonstrate properties of trigonometric ratios, including trigonometric identities and simplifying expressions.

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Omar Eshan
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
164 views7 pages

Trigonometric Ratio'S: Dr. Rashed Al Karim PHD (Malaysia) Mba (Uk) M.Sc. (Cu) B.Sc. (Cu)

The document defines trigonometric ratios and their relationships to angles and triangles. It discusses: 1) Trigonometry is the measurement of triangles, and defines angles as rotations about a point. 2) Trigonometric ratios relate the sides of a right triangle to an angle. Ratios include sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant. 3) Examples demonstrate properties of trigonometric ratios, including trigonometric identities and simplifying expressions.

Uploaded by

Omar Eshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr.

Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

Trigonometry: The word Trigonometry is derived from two Greek words – ‘trigono’
(meaning a triangle) and ‘metron’ (meaning a measure) and hence the literal meaningis ‘the
measurement of a triangle’.

Angles: An angle in trigonometry is defined as the amount of rotation made by a straight line
from one position to another about a point.

Positive Angle Negative Angle

Quadrants:Let two perpendicular lines XOX1 and YOY1 divide the plane into four parts,
each of them being called a quadrant. Y1

Here, Region X1OY1 = 1st quadrant


II I
Region XOY1 = 2nd quadrant
X X1
III O IV
Region XOY = 3rd quadrant

Region X1OY1 = 4thquadrant


Y

Trigonometric Ratios: Let XOY be any angle θ. Now take a point ‘P’ on OY and draw a
perpendicular PM on OX. So a right angled
Y
P
triangle (△OMP) is formed.
Hypotenuse
Here, MP is called Perpendicular, Perpendicular

OP is called Hypotenuse and θ


O X
OM is called Base. Base M

Page | 1
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

1) The ratio of the perpendicular to the hypotenuse is called ‘Sine of the angle θ’ and is
written as sinθ.
Perpendicular MP
∴ sinθ= =
Hypotenuse OP

2) The ratio of the base to the hypotenuse is called ‘Cosine of the angle θ’ and is written as
cosθ.
Base OM
∴ cosθ= =
Hypotenuse OP

3) The ratio of the perpendicular to the base is called ‘Tangent of the angle θ’ and is written
as tanθ.
Perpendicular MP
∴ tanθ= =
Base OM

4) The ratio of the hypotenuse to the perpendicular is called ‘Cosecant of the angle θ’ and is
written as cosecθ.
Hypotenuse OP 1
∴ cosecθ= = =
Perpendicular MP sinθ

5) The ratio of the hypotenuseto the base is called ‘Secant of the angle θ’ and is written as
secθ.
Hypotenuse OP 1
∴ secθ= = =
Base OM cosθ

6) The ratio of the perpendicular to the base is called ‘Cotangent of the angle θ’ and is
written as cotθ.
Base OM 1
∴ cotθ= = =
Perpendicular MP tanθ

 Some Important Formulas


1 1
(i) sinθ = &cosecθ =
cosecθ sinθ
1 1
(ii) cosθ = &secθ =
secθ cosθ
1 1
(iii) tanθ = &cotθ =
cotθ tanθ
sinθ cosθ
(iv) tanθ = &cotθ =
cosθ sinθ
(v) sin2θ + cos2θ =1 &sin2θ=1 – cos2θ&cos2θ = 1 –sin2θ

Page | 2
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

(vi) sec2θ – tan2θ = 1 & sec2θ = 1+ tan2θ &tan2θ = sec2θ – 1


(vii) cosec2θ– cot2θ = 1 &cosec2θ = 1+ cot2θ&cot2θ = cosec2θ – 1

Example-1:Prove that(cosecθ – sinθ)(secθ – cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ) = 1

Solution: L.H.S=(cosecθ – sinθ)(secθ – cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ)

1 1 sinθ cosθ
=( – sinθ) ( – cos θ)( + )
sinθ cosθ cosθ sinθ

1−sin2 θ 1−cos 2 θ sin2 θ+ cos2 θ


=( )( )( )
sinθ cosθ cosθsinθ

cos2 θ sin 2 θ 1
=( )( )( )[∵sin2 θ+cos 2 θ =1]
sinθ cosθ cosθsinθ

cos2 θ sin 2 θ
=
cos2 θ sin 2 θ

= 1 = R.H.S [Proved]

sinA 1+cosA
Example-2:Prove that + = 2cosecA
1+ cosA sinA

sinA 1+cosA
Solution: L.H.S = +
1+ cosA sinA

sin2 A+ ( 1+ cosA )2
=
( 1+cosA ) sinA

sin2 A+ 1+ 2cosA + cos2 A


=
( 1+cosA ) sinA

sin2 A+ cos2 A +1+2 cosA


=
( 1+cosA ) sinA

1+1+2 cosA
= ( 1+ cosA ) sinA [∵sin2 A +cos 2 A=1]

2+ 2cosA 2(1+cosA )
=
( 1+ cosA ) sinA
=(
1+ cosA ) sinA

Page | 3
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

2 1
= sinA = 2. sinA

1
= 2cosecA [∵ sinA = cosecA][Proved]

cosθ sinθ
Example-3:Simplify, +
1−tanθ 1−cotθ

cosθ sinθ
Solution:Given that, +
1−tanθ 1−cotθ

cosθ sinθ
= 1− sinθ + 1− cosθ
cosθ sinθ

cosθ sinθ
= cosθ−sinθ + sinθ−cosθ
cosθ sinθ

cosθ sinθ
= (cosθ × cosθ−sinθ ) + (sinθ × sinθ−cosθ )

cos2 θ sin 2 θ
= +
cosθ−sinθ sinθ−cosθ

cos2 θ sin2 θ
= +
cosθ−sinθ −(cosθ−sinθ )

cos2 θ−sin2 θ
=
(cosθ−sinθ)

( cosθ+ sinθ ) ( cosθ−sinθ )


=
( cosθ−sinθ)

= ( cosθ +sinθ ) [Ans]


tanθ tanθ
Example-4:Show that + = 2cosecθ
secθ−1 secθ +1

tanθ tanθ
Solution: L.H.S = +
secθ−1 secθ +1

sinθ sinθ
cosθ cosθ
= +
1 1
−1 +1
cosθ cosθ

Page | 4
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

sinθ sinθ
cosθ cosθ
= 1−cosθ + 1+cosθ
cosθ cosθ

sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ


= cosθ × 1−cosθ + cosθ × 1+ cosθ

sinθ sinθ
= 1−cosθ + 1+ cosθ

1 1
= sinθ[ 1−cosθ + 1+ cosθ ]

1+ cosθ+1−cosθ
= sinθ [ ( 1−cosθ ) (1+cosθ) ]

2
= sinθ × (
1−cos 2 θ )

2 sinθ
= [∵ sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ]
sin 2 θ

2 1
= sinθ = 2. sinθ

= 2cosecθ[showed]

1−sinA
Example-5:Show that
√ 1+ sinA
= secA–tanA

1−sinA
= 1−sinA . 1−sinA
Solution: L.H.S=
√ 1+ sinA √
1+ sinA 1−sinA

( 1−sinA ) (1−sinA)
=
√ ( 1+ sinA ) (1−sinA )

(1−sinA )2 √ (1−sinA )2
=

( 1−sin2 A )
=
√( 1−sin2 A )
1−sinA 1−sinA
= 2 = 2
√( 1−sin A) √( cos A)

Page | 5
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

1−sinA 1 sinA
= cosA = cosA – cosA

= secA – tanA[Showed]

Example-6:If m = tanA + SinAand n = tanA – sinA; then prove that m2 – n2 = 4 √ mn

Solution:L.H.S = m2 – n2 = (tanA + SinA) 2 – (tanA-SinA) 2

= (tanA + sinA + tanA – sinA) (tanA + sinA – tanA + sinA)

= 2tanA × 2sinA

= 4tanAsinA

R.H.S = 4 √ mn = 4 √ ( tanA +SinA )( t anA – SinA )

= 4√ tan 2 A−sin2 A

sin 2 A
=4
√ 2
cos A
−sin2 A

sin 2 A−cos 2 A si n2 A
=4
√ cos 2 A

sin 2 A(1−cos 2 A)
=4
√ cos2 A

sin 2 A . sin2 A
=4
√ cos 2 A
[∵sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ]

sin2 A

= 4 sin A .2

cos2 A

= 4 √ sin2 A . tan 2 A

=4 sinA tanA; Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S [Proved]

Exercises:

Page | 6
Trigonometric Ratio’s Dr. Rashed Al Karim
PhD (Malaysia); MBA(UK)
M.Sc. (CU); B.Sc. (CU)

1) Prove that sinA (1 + tanA) + cosA (1 + cotA) = secA + cosecA


2) Show that (1 + cotθ – cosecθ)(1 +tanθ + secθ) = 2
3) Prove that (sinA + cosecA)2 + (cosA + secA)2 = tan2A + cot2A + 7
1+ cosA
4) Show that
√ 1−cosA
= CosecA + cotA

1 1
5) If secθ = (a + ), then prove thatsecθ + tanθ = 2a 0r
4a 2a
n 1/ 3
6) Ifm = cosecA – sinAand n = secA – cosA; then prove that tanA = ( )
m

Page | 7

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