BACC 005-Business Research

Guidelines in Writing References and Citations in the Text

References List is a list of the publication information for the sources of the materials used in the
research paper. The list will provide the readers with information to find these sources. There are several
format used in the preparing the reference list. However the standard adopted in the university is the
American Pyschological Associationa (APA) format.

APA styles are most commonly used to cite sources in essays that cover social sciences and other
fields, such as education, business, and nursing. It is easy to compile and write an APA-style if you put in
a little time and effort.

1. Your list of works cited should begin at the end of the paper on a new page with the centered
title, REFERENCES. Alphabetize the entries in your list by the Author’s last name, using the
letter-by-letter system (ignore spaces and other punctuation.) only the initials of the first and
middle names are given. If the Author’s name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring
any A, An, or The.
2. For dates, spell out the names of months in the rest of your paper, but abbreviate them in the
list of works cited, except for May, June, July. Use either the day-month style (22, July 1999)
or the month-day-year style (July 22, 1999) and be consistent. With the month-day-year form,
be sure to add a comma after the year unless another punctuation mark goes there.
3. When reports were written on typewriters, the names of publications were underlined because
most typewriters had no way to print italics. But, if you use a computer, then publication
names should be in italics.
4. All entries should use hanging indents, that is, the first line of an entry should be flush left, and
the second and subsequent lines should be indented one-half(1/2) inch.
5. The APA guidelines specify using sentence-style capitalization for the titles of books or
article, so you should capitalize only the first word of a title subtitle. The exceptions to this
rule would be periodical titles and proper names in title case and is followed by the volume
number, which, with the title, is also italicized.
6. If there is more than one author, use an ampersand (&) before the name of the last Author if
there are more than six authors and the previous Author.
7. Place the date of publication in parenthesis immediately after the name of the Author. Place a
period after the closing parenthesis. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles
of shorter works within longer works.

Format
A. For books (includes those in print and e-books)

Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional information,
city of publication: Publishing Company

Example:

Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society

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 BACC 005-Business Research
One author with multiple works published in a year

Name, T. (2008a). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society

__________ (2008b). Introduction to Research and Research Methods: New York: Pearson Education,
Inc.

__________ (2008c). Effective learning Service. Toronto: SPLS Publishing Company.

Two Authors

Nicol, A.M., & Pexman, P.M. (1999). Presenting your findings: A practical guide for creating tables.
Washington, D.D.: American Psychological Association.

Corporate Author with an edition and publishes by the Corporate Author

American Psychiatric Association.(1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed.).
Washington, D.C.: Author.

Anonymous Author

Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary (31st ed.). (2007). Philadephia, PA: Saunders

Chapter in a Book

Booth-LaForce, C.,&Kerns, K.A. (2009). Child-parent attachment relationships, peer relationships, and
peer-group functioning. Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 490-507)
New York, NY: Guildford Press.

B. Journals ( may include resources taken from magazines. Newspapers, and the like either print
or online)
Author, A.A., Author, B.B, & Author, C. C (year). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume number (issue number), inclusive pages.

One Author

Williams, J.H. (2008). Employee engagement: Improving participation in safety. Professional safety,
53(12), 40-45.

Two to seven Authors (list all authors)

Keller, T.E., Cusick, G.R.,& Courtney, M.E. (2007). Approaching the transition of adulthood: Distinctive
profiles of adolescents aging out of the child welfare system. Social Services Review, 81, 453-484

Eight or more authors(list the first six authors and the last Author)

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 BACC 005-Business Research
Wolchi.S.A., West, S.G., Sandler I.N., TEin, J,-Y., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, l., Griffin, W.A. (2000). An
experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of
divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856.

C. Other materials( list other resources that cannot be classified above)

Magazine and newspaper article

Mitchews, J., Berrett, D., & D.(2005, May 16.) Other winning questions. Newsweek, 145 (20), 58-59

Electronic media and online resources (may include CD’s. taken from websites, and the like)

Author, A.A. (year). Title of article. Name of journal, volume number (issue number,
inclusive pages. Retrieved month, day, year, from URL.

Article retrieved from an Online Database

Author, A.A. (year). Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year, from URL.

Senior, B., &Swailes, S. (2007). Inside management terms: Developing a teamwork survey instrument.
British journal of management, 18, 138-153. Retrieved on August 22, 2020, from
http://www.uiowa.edu/grpproc/crisp/crisp.6.12.htm

An online report from a non-governmental organization

Kenney, G.M., Cook, A., &Pelletier, J. (2009). Prospects for reducing uninsured rates among children:
How much can premium assistance programs help? Retrieved on August 05, 2020 from
http://www.urban.org./urlcfm?ID-411823

Online report with no author identified and no date

GVU’s 10th WWW user survey. (n.d.). retrieved on September 16, 2020 from
http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/jdi/

REFERENCE CITATION IN TEXT- APA utilizes a system of brief referencing in the text of a paper,
whether one is paraphrasing or providing a direct quotation from another author’s work. Citations in the
text usually consist of the name of the author (s) and the year of publication. The page number is added
when utilizing a direct quotation.
Indirect quotation within parenthetical citation:

Library historically highly value intellectual freedom and patron confidentiality (LaRue, 2007)

Indirect quotation with Author as part of the narrative

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 BACC 005-Business Research
LaRue (2007) identified intellectual freedom and patron confidentiality as two fundamental values held in
historically by libraries.

Direct quotation with a parenthetical citation:

Darwin used the metaphor of the tree to life “to express the other form of interconnectedness-genealogical
rather than ecological” (Gould &Brown, 1991, p.14)

Direct quotation with Author as part of the narrative:

Gould and Brown (1991) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of the curl of life to express the other
form of interconnectedness-genealogical rather than ecological” (p.14)

CITING SECONDARY SOURCES- when citing in the text of a work discussed in a secondary source,
give both the primary and the secondary sources. In the example below, the study by Seidenberg and
McClelland was mentioned in an article by Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, and Haller.

Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, &Haller, 1993) provided a
glimpse into the world.

In the reference, you would cite the secondary source you read the original study.

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B. Atkins, P, & Haller, M.(1993). Models of reading aloud: dual-route and parallel-
distributed processing approaches. Psychological Review. 100, 589-608.

Prescribed Parts of a Complete Research

1. Preliminary Pages
1.1. Title Page
1.2. Approval Sheet
1.3. Acknowledgement
1.4. Dedication
1.5. Abstract
1.6. Table of Contents
1.7. List of tables
1.8. List of Figures
1.9. List of Illustration

2. Introduction
2.1. Background of the Study
2.2. Statement of the Problem
2.3. Significance of the Study
2.4. Theoretical Background

a. Theoretical Framework
b. Literature Review
c. Hypothesis

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 BACC 005-Business Research
3. Methods

3.1. Research Design

3.2. Study Site and Respondents
3.3. Instruments
3.4. Data Gathering Procedures
3.5. Data Analysis
3.6. Ethical Considerations

4. Results

5. Discussion

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations

6. References

7. Appendices

7.1. Approved Letter to Conduct the study

7.2. Approved letter to float the questionnaire
7.3. Letter to the respondents
7.4. Data Collection Instrument (Survey Questionnaire/Forms/Guides)
7.5. Other documents, but labelled accordingly
7.6. Curriculum Vitae
The details of these parts of a research will be discussed in the succeeding units.

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 BACC 005-Business Research

Appendix A

REFERENCES

Agcaoili, A. B. (2015). The Concept of Business in Everyday Life. (5th ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex
Book Store.

Awan, J. D. (2017). Entreprenurial Competencies. (2nd ed). Pasig City, Philippines: Cenage Learning

Bata, Z. Y. (2013). Business: Basic Approach (3rd ed). Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply,
Inc.

Baru, K. W. & Duyan, M. B. (2014). Basic Management (10th ed.). Manila, Philippines: National
Book Store

Chan, S.C.H. (2019), Participative leadership and job satisfaction: The mediating role of work
engagement and the moderating role of fun experienced at work, Leadership & Organization
Development Journal, 40 (3), pp. 319-333,

Ganira, Q. S. (2011). Working Business (7th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education
Publishing

The module is for the exclusive use of the University of La Salette, Inc. Any form of reproduction, distribution, uploading, or
posting online in any form or by any means without the written permission of the University is strictly prohibited. 6