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    GIG 04.6 Soft Ground Tunneling

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    ramatris
    This document provides guidelines for soft ground tunneling investigations. It outlines the key information required such as tunnel alignment, tunnelling method selection, and impacts to existing structures. Appropriate ground investigation methods are described, including boreholes, in situ tests, field instrumentation, laboratory testing of soils and rock, and field mapping. The guidelines emphasize developing a geological model, hydrogeological profile, and assessing potential geological hazards to inform tunnel design.

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    GIG 04.6 Soft Ground Tunneling

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    ramatris
    24 views2 pages
    This document provides guidelines for soft ground tunneling investigations. It outlines the key information required such as tunnel alignment, tunnelling method selection, and impacts to existing structures. Appropriate ground investigation methods are described, including boreholes, in situ tests, field instrumentation, laboratory testing of soils and rock, and field mapping. The guidelines emphasize developing a geological model, hydrogeological profile, and assessing potential geological hazards to inform tunnel design.

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    This document provides guidelines for soft ground tunneling investigations. It outlines the key information required such as tunnel alignment, tunnelling method selection, and impacts to existing structures. Appropriate ground investigation methods are described, including boreholes, in situ tests, field instrumentation, laboratory testing of soils and rock, and field mapping. The guidelines emphasize developing a geological model, hydrogeological profile, and assessing potential geological hazards to inform tunnel design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views2 pages

    GIG 04.6 Soft Ground Tunneling

    Uploaded by

    ramatris
    This document provides guidelines for soft ground tunneling investigations. It outlines the key information required such as tunnel alignment, tunnelling method selection, and impacts to existing structures. Appropriate ground investigation methods are described, including boreholes, in situ tests, field instrumentation, laboratory testing of soils and rock, and field mapping. The guidelines emphasize developing a geological model, hydrogeological profile, and assessing potential geological hazards to inform tunnel design.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Website: www.ags-hk.

    org

    GROUND INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES


    04.6 – SOFT GROUND TUNNELLING
    What do we need to know?
    Finalise tunnel alignment Information Required Source
    Selection of most appropriate tunnelling method
    Assess the rates of advance Proposed Tunnel Alignment &
    Scheme Plans
    Design the permanent lining Access Shaft Locations
    Assess the affects on buildings, utilities, other tunnels etc
    Design of temporary works including shafts Geological Model + Field Mapping
    Potential Geotechnical Hazards +
    Hydrogeological Profile API

    Site Reconnaissance
    Notes: (1) This GIG focuses on soft ground tunnelling. For
    tunnels comprising rock reference should may Desk study of Geological Maps Existing GI & Geophysics Records
    be made to GIG 4.4.
    (2) Investigation of contaminated soils is not covered Existing building structures sensitive Site Reconnaissance
    under this GIG. to settlement
    Existing Utilities Desk study of utility records,
    Notes: (1) As much appropriate information as possible topographic survey plans, as built records
    Existing Tunnels
    should be obtained and assessed.
    (2) The geological model should be reviewed and Existing Mineworkings
    the databases added to as more information is Existing buried structures
    received. (Eg. old sea walls, piles)

    Appropriate G.I. Methods - Field


    What is Required? G.I. Methods What is Required? G.I. Methods
    Develop Geological Model Drillholes with regular sampling & ‘N’ value for soil classifications,
    Bedrock level SPT tests. Supplemented by CPT correlation with other parameters
    Rock & soil types SPT Test
    and/or geophysical methods & use directly in empirical
    Layer thickness (seismic/radar/resistivity/gravity) analysis (granular soils)
    Weathering profile as appropriate.
    Overburden thickness Undrained shear strength, Cu
    (soft clays) In situ vane shear test
    Fault zones

    Investigation of Potential Additional `targeted’ vertical, inclined h, OCR, G,mV,-E Pressuremeter
    Geological Hazards (soils/weak rocks)
    and even horizontal drillholes.
    e.g. Corestones, fault zones,
    old seawalls, cavities
    Also probing (e.g. for seawalls). In Situ Test h, G, OCR, mv
    (soils/weak rocks) Dilatometer
    ResuIts
    Develop Hydrogeological Profile Install and monitor piezometers F s,q c , for soil classification,
    Perched water table (vibrating wire, pneumatic or correlation with other parameters Static cone penetration testing
    Piezometric levels Casagrande) and standpipes. and in empirical analysis (soils)

    Sampling in boreholes: Permeability Variable & constant head tests


    In clays - pistons or undisturbed (soil) packer tests (rock)
    samples
    Recover material for Presence of gas & type of gas
    In sands - SPT liners Test borehole with a gas meter
    laboratory testing
    In decomposed rock and Fill -
    Mazier samples Rock discontinuity orientations & Borehole televiewer /
    In bedrock - rotary coring detailed discontinuity log impression packer

    Notes : (1) Based on US National Committee on Tunnelling Technology study for better results increase scope of SI to
    1.5 linear metre of borehole per route metre tunnel alignment
    3% of cost of tunnelling civil works for ground investigation

    Appropriate G.I. Methods - Field Instrumentation Appropriate G.I. Methods - Field Mapping & Logging
    What is Required? G.I. Methods What is Required? G.I. Methods

    Baseline monitoring of building structure TCR, SCR, RQD, Fracture Index, Logging of rock samples
    Crack gauges & meters
    defects and subsequent change discontinuity description

    Settlement markers Additional Engineering Geological


    Monitoring of ground settlement (surface settlement), extensometers Mapping where good rock exposure
    (sub- surface layer settlement)
    Identification of cohesive and none Splitting and Logging of soil samples
    cohesive soils and their description
    Notes:(1) For piezometers/standpipes refer to ‘GI Methods – Field’ (Above)
    Appropriate G.I. Methods - Laboratory Testing - Soils Appropriate G.I. Methods - Laboratory Testing - Rocks Appropriate G.I. Methods - Laboratory Testing - Water

    What is Required? G.I. Methods What is Required? G.I. Methods What is Required? G.I. Methods

    Soil classification (Atterberg Limits, W, ) Rock classification (w, ) Index tests Aggressiveness of ground water Tests for SO4 & pH
    Index tests
    to concrete
    Strength (UCS) Unconfined compressive strength
    Parameter for settlement analysis (Cc, Cv,
    Oedometer Test/Rowe cell
    eo, mv) and permeability
    Strength (Point Load Index) Point load test
    Soil strength (Cu, C’,’) & also stiffness Triaxial tests Petographic analysis
    Assessment of abrasiveness to
    TBM cutter
    Abrasivity tests (Cerchar Abrasivity, Paddle Test)

    Schematic G.I. Layout for a Soft Rock Tunnel (Section)

    Note : (1) Movement monitoring required for all affected structures. (2) For clarity instrumentation not shown (with the exception of piezometers)

    GIG04.6

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