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    University of The South Pacific EMF

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    Kartik Pillay
    1. The document describes an experiment to measure cell emf and electrode potentials using various metal-ion combinations in half-cells. Cells were constructed using solutions like AgNO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4 along with a SCE reference electrode. 2. Voltage readings were recorded from the cells and polarity was determined. Values were compared to theoretical potentials to identify variations. Additional cells were made combining different metal-ion solutions to calculate cell emf experimentally. 3. Results showed the electrode potentials measured for Ag, Zn, and Cu half-cells against SCE at different concentrations. Cell emf values calculated from combining half-cells were also reported and compared to theoretical values.

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    University of The South Pacific EMF

    Uploaded by

    Kartik Pillay
    29 views6 pages
    1. The document describes an experiment to measure cell emf and electrode potentials using various metal-ion combinations in half-cells. Cells were constructed using solutions like AgNO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4 along with a SCE reference electrode. 2. Voltage readings were recorded from the cells and polarity was determined. Values were compared to theoretical potentials to identify variations. Additional cells were made combining different metal-ion solutions to calculate cell emf experimentally. 3. Results showed the electrode potentials measured for Ag, Zn, and Cu half-cells against SCE at different concentrations. Cell emf values calculated from combining half-cells were also reported and compared to theoretical values.

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    University of the South Pacific EMF

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    1. The document describes an experiment to measure cell emf and electrode potentials using various metal-ion combinations in half-cells. Cells were constructed using solutions like AgNO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4 along with a SCE reference electrode. 2. Voltage readings were recorded from the cells and polarity was determined. Values were compared to theoretical potentials to identify variations. Additional cells were made combining different metal-ion solutions to calculate cell emf experimentally. 3. Results showed the electrode potentials measured for Ag, Zn, and Cu half-cells against SCE at different concentrations. Cell emf values calculated from combining half-cells were also reported and compared to theoretical values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views6 pages

    University of The South Pacific EMF

    Uploaded by

    Kartik Pillay
    1. The document describes an experiment to measure cell emf and electrode potentials using various metal-ion combinations in half-cells. Cells were constructed using solutions like AgNO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4 along with a SCE reference electrode. 2. Voltage readings were recorded from the cells and polarity was determined. Values were compared to theoretical potentials to identify variations. Additional cells were made combining different metal-ion solutions to calculate cell emf experimentally. 3. Results showed the electrode potentials measured for Ag, Zn, and Cu half-cells against SCE at different concentrations. Cell emf values calculated from combining half-cells were also reported and compared to theoretical values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    University of the South Pacific

    Chemical Principles

    CH101.

    MEASUREMENT OF CELL EMF AND ELECTRODE


    POTENTIALS

    Name: Alisha Goundar


    Student ID: S11188239
    Laboratory Group: Friday 2pm-5pm
    Pre – Lab.
    1. E˚ red (cathode) - E˚ red (anode) = E˚ cell.
    2. Galvanic cell, firstly, converts chemical energy to electrical energy, the
    redox reaction is a spontaneous reaction. Also, at the anode which is the
    NEGATIVE electrolyte is where oxidation takes place, however, at the
    cathode which the positive electrolyte, reduction takes place. The chemical
    changes occurring in the two beakers are different.
    Electrolytic Cell, this where electrical energy is converted to chemical
    energy. The redox reactions are non – spontaneous and take place only
    where energy is supplied. The positive electrode is the anode where
    oxidation takes place and the negative electrolyte is the cathode where
    reduction tales place. Also, only one chemical compound undergoes
    decomposition.
    3. Materials needed are: 1. Two beakers
    2. a salt bridge.
    3. 2 electrodes.
    4. electrolyte solution.
    5. Voltmeter
    4. The reaction is going to proceed spontaneously since the cell emf for the
    reaction is a positive 1.92 V.
    5. E = E˚ - (RT / nF) log Q
    = 1.92 – ( (8.314 x 295) / ( x 96500) log ( 0.89/ 1 x 10 -6)
    6. The reaction is non- spontaneous because the reaction is positive.
    1.0 Introduction.
    Cell emf is calculated to determine whether the cell is galvanic or not*.
    When a readily reduced redox couple and a readily oxidized couple
    combine, it can result in a spontaneous reaction. This energy can be
    harnessed into electrical work. Electrochemical cells are cells that are used
    is such reactions*.

    Cell emf which is the electromotive force may be defined as the source of
    energy giving electrons the ability to transport itself around an electric
    circuit. The source of an EMF is usually a battery*.

    There are many factors that affect the calculation of the measurement of
    the cell emf and the electrode potentials. These factors may include;
    concentrations, moles, temperatures. When conditions such as
    temperatures, pressure are not kept constant the equation that is used is
    the Nernst Equation.
    E = E˚ - (RT / nF) In Q
    In this experiment the electrochemical cells will be assembled in order to
    calculate the outputs and potential difference of the components of the
    cell.

    Moreover, this experiment seeks to accomplish the following such as: to


    identify the polarity of individual redox couple in a cell, to compare the
    experimental outputs with the theoretical output with supported
    explanation for the variations and lastly, to calculate the reduction
    potentials of redox couples experimentally.

    2.0 Aim.
    1. To assemble cells and measure the polarity of the constructed couples.
    2. To compare the experimental values with the theoretical values of the
    potential difference of redox couple.
    3. To use the redox potential numerals obtained experimentally and
    determine cell emf and compare with reasons of any variations.
    3.0 Experimental.
    3.1 Emf and electrode potential.
    A cell was assembled as shown in the following image.

    1. 25 cm3 of 0.1 M KNO3 solution was poured in an 100 cm3 beaker and the
    saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was introduced.
    2. In another 100 cm3 beaker, 25 cm3 of 0.1 M AgNO3 solution was poured
    and into this the Ag wire was dipped.
    3. The electrodes were connected to the terminal of the multimeter. It was
    noted that the red socket was positive while the black socket is
    negative.
    4. The dial on the multimeter was set to mV range and the reading was
    taken.
    5. The salt bridge was introduced into both beakers and it was made sure
    that the salt bridge was not in contact with bare hands.
    6. When the voltage read as a negative value, the connections were
    interchange on the sockets.
    7. The voltage was recorded from the multimeter and the polarity of each
    electrode was noted. (i.e. SCE and the metal electrodes.)
    8. The experiment was repeated by using the following metal/metal ion
    solutions.
    a. Ag | Ag+, 0.10 M (AgNO3) || SCE (KNO3)
    b. Ag | Ag+, 0.01 M (AgNO3) || SCE (KNO3)

    c. Zn | Zn2+, 0.10 M (ZnCl2) || SCE (KNO3)


    d. Zn | Zn2+, 0.01 M (ZnCl2) || SCE (KNO3)
    e. Cu | Cu2+, 0.10 M (CuSO4) || SCE (KNO3)
    f. Cu | Cu2+, 0.01 M (CuSO4) || SCE (KNO3)
    3.2 Determination of cell emf experimentally and theoretically.
    1. The cells were assembled using the following combinations:
    g. Ag | Ag+, Ag(NO3) || Zn | Zn2+, 0.10 M (ZnCl2)

    h. Ag | Ag+, Ag(NO3) || Cu | Cu2+, 0.10 M (CuSO4)

    i. Zn | Zn2+, (ZnCl2) || Cu | Cu2+, 0.10 M (CuSO4)


    2. The potentials were recorded and the polarity of electrodes in each set up. This
    was easily determined from the circuit connection.
    4.0 Results.
    1.
    a. Ag: 0.1275 V SCE: anode
    b. Ag: 0.0807 V SCE: anode
    c. Zn: 1.3007 V SCE: cathode
    d. Zn: 1.2447 V SCE: cathode
    e. Cu: 0.2861 V SCE: cathode
    f. Cu: 0.2977 V SCE: cathode

    2.

    a. Ag+ + ē → Ag b. a. Ag+ + ē → Ag
    c. Zn2+ + 2 ē → Zn d. Zn2+ + 2 ē → Zn
    e. Cu2+ + 2 ē → Cu f. Cu2+ + 2 ē → Cu
    3.
    a. -0.1275 V b. 0.0382 V

    c. – 1.3007 V d. -1.1265 V
    e. -0.2861 V f. -0.1795 V

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