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    Notes On Chemical Equilibrium

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    Aryan Hossain
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium. It defines reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium. It states that for a reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. It then discusses several factors that can influence the position of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle: 1) Increasing temperature favors the endothermic side of the reaction. 2) Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules. 3) Increasing the concentration of reactants shifts the equilibrium towards products, and vice versa for increasing product concentration. 4) A catalyst does not change equilibrium position but increases the rates of both reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Notes On Chemical Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    Aryan Hossain
    32 views10 pages
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium. It defines reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium. It states that for a reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. It then discusses several factors that can influence the position of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle: 1) Increasing temperature favors the endothermic side of the reaction. 2) Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules. 3) Increasing the concentration of reactants shifts the equilibrium towards products, and vice versa for increasing product concentration. 4) A catalyst does not change equilibrium position but increases the rates of both reactions.

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    Notes on Chemical Equilibrium

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    The document discusses chemical equilibrium. It defines reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium. It states that for a reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. It then discusses several factors that can influence the position of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle: 1) Increasing temperature favors the endothermic side of the reaction. 2) Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules. 3) Increasing the concentration of reactants shifts the equilibrium towards products, and vice versa for increasing product concentration. 4) A catalyst does not change equilibrium position but increases the rates of both reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views10 pages

    Notes On Chemical Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    Aryan Hossain
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium. It defines reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium. It states that for a reaction at dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. It then discusses several factors that can influence the position of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle: 1) Increasing temperature favors the endothermic side of the reaction. 2) Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules. 3) Increasing the concentration of reactants shifts the equilibrium towards products, and vice versa for increasing product concentration. 4) A catalyst does not change equilibrium position but increases the rates of both reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 10

    Name: Batch :

    Chemical Equilibrium
    By SYED ARHAM AHSAN

    Syed Arham Ahsan, IGCSE & IAL Chemistry


    Contact: 01625-109261
    EQUILIBRIUM
    Reversible reactions are reactions which can go both in the forward and backward direction.
    It is directed by the symbol ⇌ .

    𝑁2(𝑔) + 3𝐻2(𝑔) ⇌ 2𝑁𝐻3(𝑔)

    As a reaction proceeds, the rate of forward reaction decreases with time and the rate of
    backward reaction increases with time.

    Dynamic Equilibrium : It is a reversible reaction in which the rate of forward reaction is


    equal to the rate of backward reaction. The concentration of reactants and products become
    constant so there are no observable changes. The reaction must be carried out in a closed
    container.

    NOTE : A closed system is a system in which there is transfer of energy but no transfer of
    mass.

    Concentration Rate of Reaction

    Time Time

    Le Chatelier’s Principle : The principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by


    change in conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts in a way to counteract the change.

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    ■ Effect of temperature on equilibrium position :

    When temperature is increased, the position of equilibrium shifts towards the endothermic
    side of the reaction. When temperature is decreased, the position of equilibrium shifts
    towards the exothermic side of the reaction.

    Q: 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) ⇌ 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆𝐻 = +

    Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the position of equilibrium and on the rate of
    reaction.

    Ans :

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing temperature on the position of equilibrium and on the rate
    of reaction.

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    ■ Effect of catalyst on equilibrium position :

    A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position because it increases both forward and
    backward reaction equally.

    ■ Effect of concentration on equilibrium position :

    If concentration of reactants are increased, they are converted to products and position of
    equilibrium will shift from left to right.

    If concentration of products are increased, they are converted to reactants and position of
    equilibrium will shift from right to left.

    𝑁2(𝑔) + 3𝐻2(𝑔) ⇋ 2𝑁𝐻3(𝑔)

    Q: Explain the effect of increasing concentration of N2(g) on the position of equilibrium and
    on the rate reaction.

    Ans: When the concentration of nitrogen gas is increased, more nitrogen and hydrogen
    combine to form ammonia. So, the position of equilibrium shifts from left to right and yield
    of ammonia increases.

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing concentration of H2(g) on the position of equilibrium and
    on the rate reaction.

    Ans:

    Q: Explain the effect of increasing concentration of NH3(g) on the position of equilibrium


    and on the rate reaction.

    Ans:

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    ■ Effect of pressure on equilibrium position :

    1) When pressure is increased, the equilibrium position shifts from the side with more gas
    molecules to the side with fewer gas molecules.

    2) When pressure is decreased, the equilibrium position shifts from the side with fewer gas
    molecules to the side with more gas molecules.

    3) If equal number of gas molecules are present on either side, position of equilibrium will
    not be affected.

    4) If there are no gas molecules in the equilibrium mixture, position of equilibrium will not
    be affected.

    𝑁2(𝑔) + 3𝐻2(𝑔) ⇋ 2𝑁𝐻3(𝑔)

    Q: Explain the effect of increasing pressure on the position of equilibrium and on the rate of
    reaction.

    Ans : There are 4 gas molecules on the reactant side and 2 gas molecules on the product side.
    When pressure is increased, the position of equilibrium shifts from left to right i.e. from the
    side with more gas molecules to the side with fewer gas molecules.

    When pressure is increased, the reactant particles come closer together. There will be
    increased number of successful collisions per unit time and thus rate of reaction increases.

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing pressure on the position of equilibrium and on the rate of
    reaction.

    Ans :

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) ⇌ 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆𝐻 = +

    Q: Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of reaction and on the position of
    equilibrium.

    Ans :

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing pressure on the rate of reaction and on the position of
    equilibrium.

    Ans:

    Q: Explain the effect, if any, of a catalyst on the position of equilibrium and on the rate of
    reaction.

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    Q:

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    2𝑁𝑂2(𝑔) ⇌ 𝑁2 𝑂4(𝑔) ∆H= −

    brown colourless

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing temperature on the rate of reaction and on the position of
    equilibrium.

    Ans:

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing pressure on the rate of reaction and on the position of
    equilibrium.

    Ans :

    Q: Explain the effect of decreasing the concentration of NO2 on the rate of reaction and on
    the position of equilibrium.

    Ans :

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    Q:

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR


    _________X_________

    SYED ARHAM AHSAN, IGCSE AND IAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTOR

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