TINGKATAN 4 - BAB 6 : ASID, BES DAN GARAM

FORM 4 - CHAPTER 6 : ACID BASE AND SALTS

SENARAI SEMAK SUBTOPIK

SUBTOPIC’S CHECKLIST

GARAM
Salts

BASIC
• Definisi garam
Definition of salt
• Contoh garam larut (GL) dan garam tak larut (GTL)
Examples of soluble salts (SS) and insoluble salts (IS)
KAEDAH PENYEDIAAN GARAM
Preparation of Salts

• Penyediaan GL
Preparation of SS
• Penyediaan GTL
Preparation of IS

ANALISIS KUALITATIF GARAM

Qualitative Analysis of Salts

• Ujian Kimia Kation

Chemical Test for Cation
• Ujian PKimia Anion
Chemical Test for Anion

KESAN HABA KE ATAS GARAM

Effects of Heat on Salts
 SOALAN OBJEKTIF KERTAS 1
Objective Questions Paper 1

SUBTOPIK 1 : BASIC

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

1. Which of the following is a soluble salt?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah adalah satu garam terlarutkan?

A Iron(II) chloride
Ferem(II) klorida

B Silver chloride
Argentum klorida

C Calcium sulphate
Kalsium sulfat

D Lead(II) sulphate
Plumbum(II) sulfat

TRIAL PERAK 2020

2.The following equation represents a reaction between zinc metal and sulphuric
acid.
Persamaan berikut mewakili tindak balas antara logam zink dan asid sulfurik.

Zn + H2SO4 → salt + H2
Zn + H2SO4 → garam + H2

What is the name of the salt and its solubility in water?

Apakah nama bagi garam itu dan keterlarutannya dalam air?

Name of salt Solubility in water

Nama garam Keterlarutan dalam air
A Zinc sulphate Soluble
Zinc sulfat Larut
B Zinc oxide Insoluble
 Zink oksida Tidak larut
C Zinc oxide Soluble
Zink oksida Larut
D Zinc sulphate Insoluble
Zinc sulfat Tidak larut

TRIAL PENANG 2020

3. What salt is soluble in water?

Garam manakah yang larut di dalam air?

A Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium karbonat

B Silver chloride
Argentum klorida

C Aluminium nitrate
Aluminium nitrat

D Calcium sulphate
Kalsium sulfat

TRIAL MRSM 2019

4. Which of the following is an insoluble salt?

Antara berikut, yang manakah garam tak terlarutkan?

A Silver nitrate
Argentum nitrat

B Ammonium chloride
Ammonium klorida

C Calcium sulphate
Kalsium sulfat

D Potassium carbonate
Kalium karbonat
 TRIAL MRSM 2019

5. The formula of the nitrate salt of M is MNO3. What is the formula of the phosphate salt of
M?
Formula bagi garam nitrat M ialah MNO3. Apakah formula bagi garam fosfat M?

A M3PO4

B M2PO 4

C MPO4

D M2(PO4)3

TRIAL PAHANG SET 2 2019

6. The formula for a sulphate ion is SO42- and for a nitrate is NO3. If the formula of the
sulphate salt of M is MSO4, what is the formula of the nitrate salt of M?
Formula bagi ion sulfat adalah SO4 2- dan ion nitrat adalah NO3.
Jika formula garam sulfat bagi M ialah MSO4, apakah formula garam nitrat bagi M?

A. MNO3

B. M2NO3

C. M(NO3)2

D. M(NO3)3
 TRIAL PENANG 2019

7. Which of the following is salt?

Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah garam?

A Potassium chloride
Kalium klorida

B Sodium hydroxide
Natrium hidroksida

C Hydrogen chloride
Hidrogen klorida

D Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida

TRIAL N. SEMBILAN 2019

8. Which of the following is an insoluble salt?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan garam tak terlarutkan?

A Copper(Il) carbonate
Kuprum(Il) karbonat

B Calcium chloride
Kalsium klorida

C Lead(II) nitrate
Plumbum(Il) nitrat

D Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat
 TRIAL PAHANG SET 2 2019

9. Diagram 11 shows salt T is added into the water.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan garam T ditambah ke dalam air

What is salt T?
Apakah garam T?

A Iron (II) sulphate

Ferum (II) sulfat

B Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

C Copper (II) nitrate

Kuprum (II) nitrat

D Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat

TRIAL PENANG 2019

10. Which of the following is salt?

Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah garam?

A Potassium chloride
Kalium klorida

B Sodium hydroxide
Natrium hidroksida
C Hydrogen chloride
Hidrogen klorida

D Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida

TRIAL PERLIS 2019

11. Which salt is insoluble in water?

Garam manakah tidak larut dalam air?

A Copper(II) sulphate
Kuprum(II) sulfat

B Lead(II) nitrat
Plumbum(II) nitrat

C Silver chloride
Argentum klorida

D Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat

TRIAL JOHOR SET 2 2020

12. Which of the following is an insoluble coloured salt

Manakah antara berikut ialah garam tak terlarutkan yang berwarna?

A Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium karbonat

B Copper (II) carbonate

Kuprum (II) karbonat

C Lead (II) sulphate

Plumbum (II) sulfat

D Silver chloride
Argentum klorida
 SUBTOPIK 2 : PENYEDIAAN GARAM
Subtopic 2 : Preparation of Salts

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

13. Which of the following salts can be prepared by precipitation reaction?

Yang manakah antara garam berikut boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas
pemendakan?

I Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat
II Barium sulphate
Barium sulfat
III Argentum chloride
Argentum klorida
IV Potassium carbonate
Kalium karbonat

A I and III only

I dan III sahaja
B II and III only
II dan III sahaja
C III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
D I and II only
I dan II sahaja

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

14. Which of the following pairs of substances is most suitable for the preparation of
copper(II)sulphate?
Antara pasangan bahan berikut yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan untuk
menyediakan kuprum(II) sulfat?

A Dilute sulphuric acid, copper(II) carbonate

Asid sulfurik cair, kuprum(II) karbonat

B Ammonium sulphate, copper(II) oxide

Ammonium sulfat, kuprum(II) oksida
C Copper powder, dilute sulphuric acid
Serbuk kuprum, asid sulfurik cair

D Aqueous sodium sulphate,aqueous copper(II) nitrate

Larutan natrium sulfat, larutan kuprum(II) nitrat

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

15. Diagram 13 shows the apparatus set-up for the preparation of a salt.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan suatu garam

Crystal
Salt solution Hablur
Larutan garam
Acid solution
Larutan asid

Alkali solution
Larutan alkali

Which salt is prepared through this method?

Garam manakah yang disediakan melalui kaedah ini?

A. Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat

B. Sodium sulphate
Natrium sulfat

C. Magnesium sulphate
Magnesium sulfat

D. Aluminium nitrate
Aluminium nitrat
 TRIAL PERAK 2020

16. Which of the following salts can be prepared by the double decomposition
method?
Antara garam yang berikut, yang manakah boleh disediakan melalui kaedah
penguraian ganda dua?

A. Magnesium sulphate
Magnesium sulfat

B. Ammonium chloride
Ammonium klorida

C. Copper(II) nitrate
Kuprum (II) nitrat

D. Lead (II) iodide

Plumbum (II) iodida

TRIAL PERAK 2019

17. Diagram 12 shows the method of preparing a soluble salt.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan kaedah penyediaan suatu garam terlarutkan.

X Excess X
X berlebihan

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol Salt solution

dm-3 sulphuric acid Larutan garam
50 cm3 asid sulfurik
1.0 mol dm-3
Salt solution
Larutan garam

Heat
Panaskan
 What is X?
Apakah X?

A. Copper(II) nitrate
Kuprum(II) nitrat

B. Copper(II) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida

C. Copper(II) chloride
Kuprum(II) klorida

D. Copper(II) bromide
Kuprum(II) bromida

TRIAL PENANG 2019

18. Which salt can be prepared through double decomposition reaction?

Garam manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda-dua?

A Lead (II) nitrate

Plumbum (II) nitrat

B Barium sulphate
Barium sulfat

C Silver sulphate
Argentum sulfat

D Calcium chloride
Kalsium klorida
 TRIAL PERLIS 2019

19. What are the substances used in the preparation of lead(II) sulphate salt?
Apakah bahan yang digunakan dalam penyediaan garam plumbum(II) sulfat?

A Lead(II) oxide and sulphuric acid

Plumbum(II) oksida dan asid sulfurik

B Lead(II) nitrate and barium sulphate

Plumbum(II) nitrat dan barium sulfat

C Lead(II) nitrate and sodium sulphate

Plumbum(II) nitrat dan natrium sulfat

D Lead(II) carbonate and sulphuric acid

Plumbum(II) karbonat dan asid sulfurik

TRIAL PENANG 2019

20. Which salt can be prepared through double decomposition reaction?

Garam manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda-dua?

A Lead (II) nitrate

Plumbum (II) nitrat

B Barium sulphate
Barium sulfat

C Silver sulphate
Argentum sulfat

D Calcium chloride
Kalsium klorida
 TRIAL PERLIS 2019

21. Diagram shows the method of preparing a salt.

Rajah menunjukkan kaedah penyediaan suatu garam.

What is X?
Apakah X?
A. Copper(II) nitrate
Kuprum(II) nitrat

B. Copper(II) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida

C. Copper(II) chloride
Kuprum(II) klorida

D. Copper(II) bromide
Kuprum(II) bromida
 TRIAL MRSM 2018

22. Diagram 4 shows an activity to study the precipitation reaction.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan aktiviti untuk mengkaji tindak balas pemendakan.

When solution X is added to lead(II) nitrate solution, a yellow precipitate is formed.

What is solution X?
Apabila larutan X ditambah kepada larutan plumbum(II) nitrat, satu mendakan kuning
dihasilkan.
Apakah larutan X?

A Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

B Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat

C Potassium iodide
Kalium iodida

D Potassium sulphate
Kalium sulfat
 TRIAL MRSM 2018

23. Diagram 2 shows an apparatus set-up to prepare a soluble salt.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyediakan suatu garam terlarutkan.

Which of the following salt is prepared by this method?

Antara berikut, garam manakah yang boleh disediakan dengan kaedah ini?

A Zinc chloride
Zink klorida

B Sodium sulphate
Natrium sulfat

C Copper(II) sulphate
Kuprum(II) sulfat

D Lead(II) nitrate
Plumbum(II) nitrat
 SUBTOPIK 3 : ANALISIS KUALITATIF (Ujian Kimia Kation & Anion)
Subtopic 3: Qualitative Analysis (Chemical Test for Cation & Anion)

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

24. Which of the following ions form white precipitate that dissolves in excess
ammonia solution?
Di antara ion-ion berikut yang manakah menghasilkan mendakan putih yang
larut dalam larutan ammonia berlebihan?

A Mg2+

B Al3+

C Zn2+

D Pb2+

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

25. Diagram 9 shows a series of tests carried out on solution Y.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu siri ujian telah dijalankan ke atas larutan Y.

NaOH Green precipitate

Solution Y
Mendakan hijau
Larutan Y

Dilute hydrochloric acid followed by BaCl2

solution
Asid hidroklorik diikuti dengan larutan BaCl2

White precipitate
Mendakan putih
Which of the following is most likely to be solution Y.
Antara berikut manakah kemungkinan larutan Y.

A Iron(II) sulphate
Ferum(II) sulfat

B Lead(II) sulphate
Plumbum (II) sulfat

C Iron(II) chloride
Ferum(II) klorida

D Copper(II) carbonate
Kuprum(II) karbonat

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

26. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen.

Which of the following can be used to differentiate these solutions?

Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-
larutan tersebut?

A. Ammonium hydroxide solution

Larutan ammonium hidroksida

B. Sodium hydroxide solution

Larutan natrium hidroksida
C. Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida

D. Silver nitrate solution

Larutan argentum nitrat

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

27. Diagram 10 shows a reagent bottle.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan sebuah botol reagen

Copper(II) chloride
Kuprum(II) klorida

Copper(II) sulphate
Kuprum(II) sulfat

Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Aiman accidentally pasted two labels on the bottle. Both copper(II) chloride
and copper(II) sulphate solutions are blue.
Which of the following chemicals can be used to help Aiman identify the solution
in the reagent bottle?
Aiman tertampal dua label pada botol itu. Kedua-dua larutan kuprum(II) klorida
dan kuprum(II) sulfat adalah berwarna biru.
Antara bahan kimia berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membantu
Aiman mengenal pasti larutan yang terdapat di dalam botol reagen itu?

A Hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik

B Barium nitrate solution

Larutan barium nitrat
C Sodium hydroxide solution
Larutan natrium hidroksida

D Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Kalium heksasionaferat (II)

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

28. Which susbstance forms yellow precipitate when added to lead(II) nitrate
solution?
Bahan manakah yang membentuk mendakan kuning apabila ditambahkan
kepada larutan plumbum(II) nitrat?

A Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

B Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat

C Potassium iodide
Kalium iodida

D Potassium sulphate
Kalium sulfat
 TRIAL PERLIS 2020

29. Table 3 shows the observations in three tests on solution X.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi tiga ujian ke atas larutan X.

Test Observation
Ujian Pemerhatian
I Add sodium hydroxide solution until in White precipitate which dissolves in
excess excess sodium hydroxide solution
Tambah larutan natrium hidroksida Mendakan putih larut dalam larutan
sehingga berlebihan natrium hidroksida berlebihan
II Add ammonia solution until in excess White precipitate which dissolves in
Tambah larutan ammonia sehingga excess ammonia solution
berlebihan Mendakan putih larut dalam larutan
ammonia berlebihan
III Add 2 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and a few White precipitate formed
drops of silver nitrate solution Mendakan putih terbentuk

Tambah 2 cm3 asid nitrik cair dan

beberapa titik larutan argentum nitrat

What is X?
Apakah X?

A. Zinc chloride
Zink klorida

B. Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat

C. Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride

D. Aluminium sulphate
Aluminium sulfat
 TRIAL PENANG 2020

30. Shaun immersed a piece of filter paper into a beaker containing solution X, then
he used solution Y to write “I LOVE CHEMISTRY” on the filter paper after the
filter paper was dried. The wording on the filter paper is yellow in colour. Which
of the following pairs is solution X and solution Y?
Shaun merendam sekeping kertas turas dalam larutan X, kemudian dia
menggunakan larutan Y untuk menulis “I LOVE CHEMISTRY” di atas kertas turas
tersebut setelah kertas turas kering. Tulisan pada kertas turas tersebut berwarna
kuning. Antara berikut, yang manakah pasangan larutan X dan larutan Y?

A Sodium iodide and silver nitrate

Natrium iodida dan argentum nitrat

B Sodium iodide and lead (II) nitrate

Natrium iodida dan plumbum (II) nitrat

C Barium chloride and sodium nitrate

Barium klorida dan natrium nitrat

D Barium chloride and copper (II) nitrate

Barium klorida dan kuprum (II) nitrat
 TRIAL PENANG 2018

31. A mixture containing two anions was tested and the results are shown below.
Satu campuran mengandungi dua anion telah diuji dan keputusannya ditunjukkan di
bawah.

Which anions were present?

Anion-anion apakah yang hadir?

A. Carbonate and chloride

Karbonat dan klorida

B. Carbonate and iodide

Karbonat dan iodide

C. Sulphate and chloride

Sulfat dan klorida

D. Sulphate and iodide

Sulfat dan iodide
 TRIAL MELAKA 2020

32. A students wants to identify cation that present in a salt solution. When sodium
hydroxide solution is added into the salt solution, brown precipitate is formed. What is
the method that need to be done next and the observation expected to comfirm the
presence of the cation?

Seorang murid ingin mengenalpasti kation yang hadir dalam suatu larutan garam. Apabila
larutan natrium hidroksida ditambah ke dalam larutan garam itu, mendakan perang
terbentuk.
Apakah kaedah yang perlu dilakukan seterusnya dan apakah pemerhatian yang
dijangkakan untuk mengesahkan kehadiran kation itu?

Method Observation
Kaedah Pemerhatian
Gas released turns red litmus into blue
Warm up the solution
A Gas yang terbebas menukarkan kertas
Hangatkan larutan
litmus merah kepada biru
Gas released turns lime water chalky
Heat up the solution
B Panaskan larutan Gas yang terbebas mengeruhkan air
kapur

Add potassium thiocyanate solution Red blood solution produced

C
Tambahkan larutan kalium tiosianat Larutan merah darah dihasilkan

Add acidic potassium

D manganate (VII) Purple solution is decolourised
Tambahkan larutan Larutan ungu dinyahwarnakan
kalium manganat(VII)
berasid
 TRIAL MELAKA 2020

33. A series of tests were carried out on a solution of salt X. Table 4 below shows the
results of the tests.
Satu siri ujian telah dijalankan ke atas larutan garam X. Jadual 4 dibawah menunjukkan
keputusan ujian tersebut.
Test Observation
Ujian Pemerhatian
Add lead(II) nitrate solution. White precipitate dissolves in
Tambahkan larutan water when heated.
plumbum(II) nitrat Mendakan putih, larut dalam air
apabila dipanaskan.
Add dilute sulphuric acid. No change.
Tambahkan asid sulfurik cair. Tiada perubahan.
Add sodium hydroxide solution White precipitate is formed.
until in excess. It is insoluble in excess
Tambahkan larutan natrium sodium hydroxide solution.
hidroksida sehingga Mendakan putih terbentuk.
berlebihan. Ia tidak larut dalam larutan
natrium hidroksida berlebihan.
Add ammonia solution until White precipitate is formed.
in excess. It is insoluble in excess
Tambahkan larutan akueus ammonia solution.
ammonia sehingga Mendakan putih terbentuk.
berlebihan. Ia tidak larut dalam larutan
akueus ammonia berlebihan.

Based on the results of the experiment, salt X is

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, garam X ialah

A Zinc chloride
Zinc klorida
B Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
C Aluminium sulphate
Aluminium sulfat

D Magnesium chloride
Magnesium klorida
 TRIAL JOHOR 2019

34. You are given two aqueous solutions consist of lead(II) ion and aluminium ion.
Which of the following reagent cannot be used to differentiate both solutions?
Anda diberikan dua larutan akues yang mengandungi ion plumbum(II) dan ion
aluminium. Manakah antara bahan kimia berikut tidak boleh digunakan untuk
membezakan kedua- dua larutan?

A. Benzene
Benzena

B. Dilute nitric acid

Asid nitrik cair

C. Sodium nitrate solution

Larutan natrium nitrat

D. Potassium iodide solution

Larutan kalium iodida

TRIAL MRSM 2019

35. Which of the following solution will form white precipitate which is insoluble in excess
sodium hydroxide solution?
Antara larutan berikut, manakah akan membentuk mendakan putih yang tidak larut dalam
larutan natrium hidroksida yang berlebihan?

A Lead(II) nitrate
Plumbum(II) nitrat

B Magnesium chloride
Magnesium klorida

C Aluminium nitrate
Aluminium nitrat

D Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat
 TRIAL PAHANG SET 1 2019

36. Table 4 shows the observations in three tests on solution Y.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi tiga ujian ke atas larutan garam Y.

What is Y?
Apakah Y?

A. Zinc chloride
Zink klorida

B. Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat

C. Aluminium chloride
Aluminium klorida

D. Aluminium sulphate
Aluminium sulfat
 TRIAL PAHANG SET 2 2019

37. A students wants to identify cation that present in a salt solution. When sodium hydroxide
solution is added into the salt solution, brown precipitate is formed.
What is the method that need to be done next and the observation expected to comfirm the
presence of the cation?

Seorang murid ingin mengenalpasti kation yang hadir dalam suatu larutan garam. Apabila
larutan natrium hidroksida ditambah ke dalam larutan garam itu, mendakan perang terbentuk.
Apakah kaedah yang perlu dilakukan seterusnya dan apakah pemerhatian yang dijangkakan
untuk mengesahkan kehadiran kation itu?
 TRIAL PERLIS 2019

38. Table 2 shows the observation for two tests on solution W.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua ujian terhadap larutan W.

Which ion is present in solution W?

Ion manakah yang hadir dalam larutan W?

A Fe2+

B Pb2+

C Mg2+

D Zn2+
 TRIAL PERLIS 2019

39. A series of tests were carried out on a solution of salt X. Table 6 shows the results of the
test.
Satu siri ujian telah dijalankan ke atas larutan garam X. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan
ujian tersebut.
 TRIAL JOHOR 2018

40. Given three test tubes that contains R solutions. Three qualitative tests are conducted to
the solution and the observations obtained as shown in table 5.
Di beri tiga tabung uji yang mengandungi larutan R. Tiga ujian kualitatif telah
dijalankan ke atas tabung uji tersebut dan pemerhatian yang diperoleh ditunjukkan
dalam jadual 5.

Based on the results obtained, what is salt R?

Berdasarkan keputusan ujian, apakah garam R?

A Zinc chloride
Zink klorida

B Lead (II) nitrate

Plumbum (II) nitrat

C Magnesium sulphate
Magnesium sulfat

D Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat
 TRIAL MRSM 2018

41. A group of student is required to confirm the presence of chloride ion in

solution P. What is the suitable reagent and expected observation in the test?
Sekumpulan pelajar dikehendaki mengesahkan kehadiran ion klorida dalam
larutan P. Apakah reagen yang sesuai dan pemerhatian yang dijangkakan dalam ujian itu?

TRIAL MRSM 2018

42. A mixture containing two anions was tested and the results are shown below.
Satu campuran mengandungi dua anion telah diuji dan keputusannya ditunjukkan di
bawah
Which anions were present?
Anion-anion apakah yang hadir?

A Carbonate and chloride

Karbonat dan klorida

B Carbonate and iodide

Karbonat dan iodide

C Sulphate and chloride

Sulfat dan klorida

D Sulphate and iodide

Sulfat dan iodide
 SUBTOPIK 4 : KESAN HABA KE ATAS GARAM
Subtopic 4 : Heating Effect on Salts

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

43. The decomposition of lead(II) nitrate produces lead(II) oxide, oxygen and a brown gas.
Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction ?
Penguraian plumbum(II) nitrat menghasilkan plumbum(II) oksida , oksigen dan gas
berwarna perang. Antara berikut, yang manakah persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak
balas berikut ?

A Pb(NO3)2 PbO + NO2 + O2

B 2Pb(NO3)2 + O2 2PbO + 3NO2 + O2

C 2Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
D Pb(NO3)2 PbO + Br2 + O2

TRIAL PERLIS 2020

44. Heating of P carbonate produces a product which is brown when hot and
yellow when cold.What is P?
Pemanasan karbonat P menghasilkan suatu hasil tindak balas yang berwarna
perang semasa panas dan berwarna kuning semasa sejuk.
Apakah P?

A Lead
Plumbum

B Magnesium
Magnesium

C Silver
Argentum

D Zinc
Zink
 TRIAL PENANG 2020

45. What is the colour of copper(II) carbonate powder?

Apakah warna serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat?

A Black
Hitam

B Green
Hijau

C White
Putih

D Silver
Kelabu

TRIAL MELAKA 2020

46. When powder of salt P is heated, the following observations are

obtained.
Apabila serbuk garam P dipanaskan, pemerhatian berikut diperoleh.

• Green powder turns black

Serbuk hijau menjadi hitam

• Gas released turns lime water cloudy

Gas yang terbebas mengeruhkan air kapur

What is salt P?
Apakah garam P?

A
Copper (II) carbonate
Kuprum (II) karbonat
B
Copper (II) oxide
Kuprum (II) oksida
 C
Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
D
Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat

TRIAL MRSM 2019

47. When a white metal carbonate, XCO3 is heated strongly, the residue is brown when hot
and turns yellow when cold. Which of the following metals could be X?

Apabila logam karbonat, XCO3 yang berwarna putih dipanaskan dengan kuat, baki yang
terhasil berwarna perang semasa panas dan bertukar kuning apabila sejuk.
Antara berikut, yang manakah logam X?

A Zinc
Zink

B Copper
Kuprum

C Lead
Plumbum

D Aluminium
Aluminium

TRIAL PERLIS 2019

48. Heating of M oxide produces a product which is brown when hot and yellow when cold.
What is M?
Pemanasan oksida M menghasilkan suatu hasil tindak balas yang berwarna perang
semasa panas dan berwarna kuning semasa sejuk.
Apakah M?

A Magnesium
Magnesium

B Aluminium
Aluminium
C Silver
Argentum

D Lead
Plumbum

TRIAL PENANG 2019

49. Diagram 9 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the effect of heat on salt.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan haba ke atas garam.

Which observation is correct?

Manakah pemerhatian yang betul?

A Brown solid formed

Pepejal perang terbentuk

B Colourless liquid formed

Cecair tidak berwarna terbentuk

C White fume produced

Wasap putih terhasil

D Brown gas released

Gas perang terbebas
 TRIAL JOHOR SET 2 2020

50. Diagram 6 shows the setup of apparatus to study the effect of heating on a
salt.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan pemanasan ke
atas sejenis garam.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

Which of the following statements is true about the salt?

Manakah antara penyataan berikut benar tentang garam tersebut
A It is insoluble in water
Ia tidak larut dalam air

B It is an organic compound
Ia adalah sebatian organik

C It decomposes to form ammonia gas

Ia terurai untuk menghasilkan gas ammonia

D It reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form white precipitate

Ia bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium hidroksida untuk membentuk
mendakan putih.
 SOALAN SUBJEKTIF/ESEI KERTAS 2
Subjective/Essay Questions Paper 2

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2020

Basic (definisi garam/GTL) / Basic (Definition of salts/IS)
Penyediaan GTL / Preparation of IS
Analisis Kuantitatif Garam / Quantitative Analysis of Salts

1. (a) Diagram 3.1 shows a beautiful coral reefs found in Pulau Redang. These coral reefs
are formed from a salt known as calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Tiny organisms are able
to precipitate calcium carbonate, CaCO3 from the calcium ion, Ca2+ and carbonate ion,
CO32– dissolved in the sea water.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan terumbu karang yang indah yang terdapat di kawasan
perairan Pulau Redang. Terumbu karang ini terbentuk daripada garam kalsium
karbonat, CaCO3. Organisma seni yang hidup di dalam laut dapat memendakkan
kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 daripada ion kalsium, Ca2+ dan ion karbonat, CO32– yang
terlarut di dalam air laut.

Coral reefs
Terumbu karang

(i) State the meaning of salt.

Nyatakan maksud garam.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
 [1 mark]

(ii) Calcium carbonate, CaCO3 is an insoluble salt.

State an example of insoluble salt other than calcium carbonate, CaCO 3.
Kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 ialah garam tak terlarutkan.
Nyatakan satu contoh garam tak terlarutkan selain daripada kalsium karbonat, CaCO3.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iii) Diagram 3.2 shows apparatus set-up for the heating of coral reefs powder. The gas
released from this experiment turned lime water chalky.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pemanasan serbuk terumbu karang. Gas yang
terbebas daripada eksperimen ini mengeruhkan air kapur.

Coral reefs
powder
Serbuk
terumbu
karang Heat
Panaskan
Lime water
Air kapur

State the name of gas released in the experiment.

Nyatakan nama gas yang terbebas di dalam eksperimen tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 3.3 shows the set-up of apparatus of an experiment to prepare X salt.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menyediakan garam X.

Excess lead(II) nitrate

solution
Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Sodium nitrate
berlebihan
solution
Larutan natrium

Precipitate of X
salt
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium Precipitate of X Mendakan garam
chloride solution salt
50 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 larutan Mendakan garam
natrium klorida

Precipitate of X
Sodium nitrate salt
Dry X salt Mendakan garam
solution
Garam X kering
Larutan natrium

Diagram / Rajah 3.3

(i) State the type of the reaction.

Nyatakan jenis tindak balas itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) State the name of X salt.

Nyatakan nama bagi garam X.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]

(iv) Calculate the mass of X salt formed.

[Relative atomic mass ; Cl = 35.5, Pb=207 ]
Hitungkan jisim garam X yang terbentuk.
[Jisim atom relatif ; Cl = 35.5, Pb=207 ]

[ 3 marks ]
 TRIAL PERLIS 2020
Analisis Kualitatif Garam / Qualitative Analysis of Salts
Ujian Kimia Kation / Chemical Test for Cation

(2) Industrial waste water containing heavy metal cations should be treated before being
released into the river or drainage system. A sample of industrial waste water is taken and
analysed for the presence of heavy metal cations. Diagram 4 shows the flow chart of the
chemical tests for two ions that are being identified in the industrial waste water.
Air buangan industri mengandungi kation logam berat sepatutnya dirawat sebelum
dilepaskan ke sungai atau sistem perparitan. satu sampel air buangan industri diambil dan
dianalisis untuk mengetahui kehadiran kation logam berat. Rajah 4 menunjukkan carta alir
bagi ujian kimia untuk dua ion yang dikenal pasti dalam air buangan industri.
(a) What is the meaning of cation?
Apakah maksud kation?

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Test 1,
Berdasarkan Ujian 1,

(i) name the yellow precipitate Q formed.

namakan mendakan kuning Q yang terbentuk.

............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) what will happen if the precipitate is heated and cooled again?
apakah yang akan berlaku sekiranya mendakan tersebut dipanaskan dan disejukkan
semula?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(iii) write the ionic equation for the formation of precipitate Q.

tuliskan persamaan ion untuk pembentukan mendakan Q.

............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
 TRIAL PERAK 2020
Basic ( Penyediaan GL/GTL) / Basic (Preparation of SS/IS)
Kesan Haba ke atas Garam / Effects of Heat on Salts

(3) a) Solution X is added to solution Y to form barium sulphate. State the name of
the reaction and the name of solution X and solution Y. Write the ionic equation
for the reaction.
Larutan X ditambahkan kepada larutan Y untuk membentuk barium sulfat.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas itu dan nama bagi larutan X dan larutan Y.
Tulis persamaan ion untuk tindak balas itu..

[ 4 marks]

b) Table 9 shows the information on action of heat for two lead salt, P and Q.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tindakan haba ke atas dua garam plumbum P
dan Q.
Experiment Product Observation
Eksperimen Hasil Pemerhatian
Brown solid when hot, yellow
Residue R when cold.
Baki R. Pepejal perang bila panas,
kuning bila sejuk.

Gas A Lime water become chalky.

Gas A Air kapur menjadi keruh.

Residue R. Brown solid when hot, yellow

Baki R. when cold.
Pepejal perang bila panas,
kuning bila sejuk.

Gas B Brown gas.

Gas B Gas perang

Gas C Rekindles glowing splinter.

Gas C Menyalakan kayu uji berbara.
Based on table 9, identify residue R, gas A, gas B and gas C. Write the chemical formulae
for salt P and salt Q.
Berdasarkan Jadual 9, kenal pasti baki R, gas A, gas B and gas C. Tulis formula kimia bagi
garam P dan garam Q.

[6 marks]

c) You are required to prepare a dry zinc sulphate salt. The chemicals supplied are: Anda
dikehendaki menyediakan garam zink sulfat yang kering. Bahan kimia yang dibekalkan
ialah:
• Zinc nitrate solution / Larutan zink nitrat
• Dilute sulphuric acid / Asid sulfurik cair
• Sodium carbonate solution / Larutan natrium karbonat
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the
chemical equations involved.
Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam tersebut. Dalam huraian
anda, sertakan persamaan yang terlibat.

[10 marks
 TRIAL PENANG 2020
Basic ( Penyediaan GL) / Basic (Preparation of SS)
Kesan Haba ke atas Garam / Effects of Heat on Salts

(4) Diagram 5 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.

Solid salt R
I
Lead(II) nitrate solution Pepejal
I Solid salt R Na2CO3 solution garam R
Larutan plumbum(II) Larutan Na2CO3
nitrat
I
I

Solid S Gas T
+ Gas T
Pepejal
S

(a) (i) Write the chemical formula of lead(II) nitrate.

Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat.

……………………………………………………………………………………...........
[1 mark]

(ii) Name the reaction I.

Namakan tindak balas I.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 5, identify salt R, solid S and gas T.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5, kenal pasti garam R, pepejal S dan gas T.

R : ………………………………………………………..

S : ………………………………………………………..

T : ………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]

(c) State the colour of solid S.

Nyatakan warna pepejal S.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(d) (i) Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt R in Reaction II.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan pepejal garam R dalam tindak balas II.

[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for Reaction II.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas II

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(e) 2.67 g of salt R is heated in the laboratory. Calculate volume of gas T released at room
condition.
[Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol -1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
2.67 g garam R dipanaskan di dalam makmal. Hitungkan isi padu gas T yang
dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik.
[Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol -1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada
keadaan bilik]

[2 marks]
 TRIAL MELAKA 2020
Basic ( Penyediaan GTL) / Basic (Preparation of IS)
Kesan Haba ke atas Garam / Effects of Heat on Salts
Ujian Kimia Anion / Chemical Test for Anion

(5) Diagram 6.1 shows the observation obtained when 0.5 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate is added
with 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solution. The experiment is repeated
for six more times with varying volume of potassium chromate (VI) solution
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian yang diperolehi apabila 0.5 mol dm-3
plumbum (II) nitrat ditambahkan kepada larutan kalium kromat (VI), K2CrO4 0.5 mol dm-3.
Eksperimen itu diulangi sebanyak enam kali lagi dengan isipadu larutan kalium kromat (VI)
yang berbeza.

Table 6 shows the volume of solutions used and the height of the lead (II) chromate (VI)
obtained for the experiment.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan isipadu larutan-larutan yang digunakan dan tinggi mendakan
plumbum (II) kromat (VI) yang diperolehi
(a) State the chemical formula for lead (II) chromate (VI)?
Nyatakan formula kimia bagi plumbum (II) kromat(VI)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Based on Table 6, state the volume of potassium chromate (VI) needed to completely
react with 0.5 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate solution.
Berdasarkan Jadual 6, nyatakan isipadu kalium kromat (VI) yang diperlukan untuk
bertindak balas sepenuhnya dengan larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Determine the number of mole of:

Tentukan bilangan mol bagi:

• Potassium chromate (VI) used in (b) (ii).

Kalium kromat (VI) yang digunakan dalam (b) (ii)

• Lead (II) nitrate solution used in the experiment.

Larutan plumbum (II) nitrat yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini

[2 marks]

(iii) Construct the ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed in this
experiment
Bina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan mendakan dalam eksperimen ini

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]
 (c) Diagram 6.3 shows a series of chemical reaction for salt X.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas kimia bagi garam X.

When salt X is heated, a colourless gas Y which turns limewater cloudy is released
and formed solid Z. Solid Z is a brown solid that turns yellow when cooled. Both
the solid Z and salt X can react with hydrochloric acid to form colourless solution
P.

Apabila garam X dipanaskan, gas Y tidak berwarna yang mengeruhkan air kapur
terbebas dan membentuk pepejal Z. Pepejal Z ialah pepejal berwarna perang yang
bertukar menjadi kuningn setelah sejuk. Kedua-dua pepejal Z dan garam X itu boleh
bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik untuk membentuk larutan tanpa warna P.

(i) Based on Diagram 6.2, identify:

Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, kenalpasti:

X:
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Y:……………………………………………………………………………………

Z:………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]
(ii) Briefly describe a chemical test to identify the anion in the colourless solution P.
Huraikan dengan ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti anion dalam
larutan tanpa warna P.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
 TRIAL JOHOR SET 2 2020
Basic ( Definisi/Penyediaan GTL) / Basic (Definition/Preparation of IS)
Ujian Kimia Anion / Chemical Test for Anion
Analisis Kuantitatif Garam / Quantitative Analysis of Salts

(6) Diagram below is the experiment carried out by Mee Ling to construct ionic
equation of insoluble salt by using continuous variation method.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh Mee Ling
untuk membina persamaan ion garam tidak larut dengan menggunakan kaedah
perubahan berterusan.

Rajah 4
Diagram 4

Based on the information above.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas.

(a) (i) What is meant by salt?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan garam?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the number of mol 5 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution.
Kirakan bilangan mol 5 cm3 dari 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat.

[1 mark]

Graph 1 shows the height of precipitate against volume of potassium iodide solution
added.
Graf 1 menunjukkan ketinggian mendakan melawan isipadu larutan kalium iodida yang
telah dimasukkan.

Height of precipitate (cm)

Ketinggian mendakan (cm)

Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium iodide solution (cm3)

Isipadu larutan 1.0 mol dm-3 kalium iodide (cm3)

Graph 1
Graf 1
(iii) What is volume of potassium iodide solution needed for complete reaction with
lead(II) nitrate solution?
Apakah isipadu larutan kalium iodide yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas yang
lengkap dengan larutan plumbum(II) nitrat?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iv) Calculate number of mole of potassium iodide that reacted with 0.5 moldm-3 lead(II)
nitrate solution. Then find number of mol iodide ion, I- that completely reacted with 1
mol lead ion, Pb2+.
Kirakan bilangan mol larutan kalium iodide yang telah bertindak balas dengan 0.5 mol
dm-3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat. Kemudian carikan bilangan mol ion iodide, I- yang
bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol ion plumbum, Pb2+.

[3 marks]

(b) (i) Lead(II) nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution and potassium
iodide solution to produce lead(II) chloride and lead(II) iodide. State briefly the
confirmatory test of nitrate ion.
Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium klorida dan
larutan kalium iodida untuk menghasilkan plumbum(II) klorida dan plumbum(II)
iodide.
Nyatakan secara ringkas ujian pengesahan ion nitrat.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]
(ii) State the one similarities and differences of lead(II) Iodide and lead(II) chloride.
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan perbezaan plumbum(II) iodide dan plumbum(II) klorida.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]
 TRIAL JOHOR SET 1 2020
Basic ( Definisi/Penyediaan GTL) / Basic (Definition/Preparation of IS)
Ujian Kimia Anion / Chemical Test for Anion
Analisis Kuantitatif Garam / Quantitative Analysis of Salts

(7) Three series of tests, I, II and III are carried out on a X chloride solution as shown in the
following flow chart.
Tiga siri ujian I, II dan III telah dijalankan terhadap larutan klorida X seperti ditunjukkan
dalam carta alir berikut.

(a) (i) List all the ions that can be identified from test I
Nyatakan semua ion yang boleh dikenalpasti di dalam ujian I

[3 marks]

(ii) Name the X chloride solution and write its chemical formula.
Namakan larutan klorida X dan tuliskan formula kimianya

[2 marks]
(b) Based on the test III
Berdasarkan ujian III

(i) Name the type of reaction

Namakan jenis tindakbalas

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Write the chemical equation when solution chloride X react with excess NaOH.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia apabila larutan klorida X bertindakbalas dengan NaOH
berlebihan.

[1 mark]

(ii) From the chemical equation in (c)(i), calculate mass of white solid formed
when 10 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 X chloride solution react with excess NaOH. Daripada
persamaan kimia dalam (c)(i), kirakan jisim pepejal putih yang terbentuk apabila 10
cm3 larutan klorida X 0.1 mol dm-3 bertindakbalas dengan larutan NaOH berlebihan.

[3 marks]

(d) X chloride solution is contaminated by sulphate ion, SO42-. Compare both ions, in
term of
Larutan X klorida telah di dicemari dengan ion sulfat, SO42-. Bandingkan kedua- dua ion
dari segi

• Steps to identify the ion in the lab

Langkah-langkah untuk mengenalpasti ion ini di dalam makmal

• Observation
Pemerhatian
• Name and chemical formula of precipitate that formed
Nama dan formula kimia mendakan yang terhasil

• Ionic equation
Persamaan ion

• Name of reaction
Nama tindak balas
 TRIAL PERLIS 2019
Kesan Haba ke atas Garam / Effects of Heat on Salts
Ujian Kimia Anion / Chemical Test for Anion
Analisis Kuantitatif Garam / Quantitative Analysis of Salts

(8) The following information shows the preparation of ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO3
fertiliser in the laboratory.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan penyediaan baja ammonium nitrat, NH4 NO3
dalam makmal.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the fertiliser preparation.

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penyediaan baja tersebut.

(ii) Calculate the mass of ammonium nitrate produced.

Hitung jisim bagi ammonium nitrat yang terhasil.
[Molar mass of NH4 NO3 = 80 g mol–1]
[Jisim molar bagi NH4 NO3 = 80 g mol–1]

[4 marks]

(b) Table 6 shows the information on action of heat for two salts, X and Y.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tindakan haba ke atas dua garam, X dan Y.
Based on Table 6, identify residue Z, gas A, gas B and gas C.
Write the chemical formulae for salt X and salt Y.
Berdasarkan Jadual 6, kenal pasti baki Z, gas A, gas B dan gas C.
Tulis formula kimia bagi garam X dan garam Y.

[6 marks]
(c) Diagram 7 shows a reagent bottle contains mixture of zinc nitrate and zinc
chloride solutions.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan botol reagen yang mengandungi campuran larutan zink
nitrat dan zink klorida.

Describe a confirmatory tests to determine the presence of cation and anions in the
solutions. Your description must include all the materials used, procedure,
observations and conclusion.
Huraikan ujian pengesahan untuk menentukan kehadiran kation dan anion dalam
larutan tersebut. Huraian anda mesti mengandungi semua bahan yang digunakan,
prosedur, pemerhatian dan kesimpulan.

[10 marks]
 TRIAL PENANG 2019
Basic ( Definisi/Penyediaan GTL) / Basic (Definition/Preparation of IS)
Ujian Kimia Kation / Chemical Test for Cation

(9) (a) Silver carbonate is an insoluble salt.

Suggest two solutions to prepare silver carbonate salt.
Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

Argentum karbonat merupakan garam tak terlarutkan.

Cadangkan dua larutan untuk menyediakan garam argentum karbonat.
Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[4 marks]

(b) Diagram 10 shows the plaster of Paris sculpture on a wall.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan arca plaster Paris di atas suatu dinding.

Plaster of Paris is a chemical compound consisting of fine white powder, which hardens
when exposed to moisture and allowed to dry. Its chemical formula is CaSO4.
1/2 H2O and is better known as calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

Plaster Paris ialah sebatian kimia yang mengandungi serbuk putih halus yang
mengeras apabila terdedah kepada kelembapan lalu dikeringkan. Formula kimianya
ialah CaSO4. 1/2 H2O dan lebih dikenali sebagai kalsium sulfat hemihidrat.
You are required to prepare dry calcium sulphate salt in the laboratory. The chemicals
supplied are:
Anda perlu menyediakan garam kalsium sulfat kering dalam makmal. Bahan yang
dibekalkan ialah:

● sulphate salt solutions

larutan garam sulfat
● dilute hydrochloric acid
asid hidroklorik cair
● calcium carbonate powder
serbuk kalsium karbonat

Describe the preparation of the salt in the laboratory. Include the chemical equations
involved.
Huraikan penyediaan garam itu dalam makmal. Sertakan persamaan kimia yang
terlibat.

[10 marks]
(c) The label on a chemical bottle containing white solid P is missing. Table 10 shows the
observation from a test carried out on solid P.
Label pada sebotol bahan kimia yang mengandungi pepejal putih P telah hilang.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi ujian yang telah dijalankan ke atas pepejal
P.

Based on the information in table 10, identify cations that are possible present in solid
P and describe a chemical test to verify the cations.

Berdasarkan maklumat Jadual 10, kenal pasti kation-kation yang mungkin hadir dalam
pepejal P dan huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kation-kation berkenaan

[6 marks]
 TRIAL JOHOR 2019
Basic ( Definisi/Penyediaan GTL) / Basic (Definition/Preparation of IS)
Ujian Kimia Kation / Chemical Test for Cation
Kesan Haba ke atas Garam / Effects of Heat on Salts

(10) (a) Waste gases from coal fired power stations contain sulphur dioxide, which
causes acid rain. Sulphur dioxide can be treated from the waste gases by
reaction with calcium carbonate salt. Therefore, air pollution caused by
sulphur dioxide can be reduced.
• State one effect of acid rain to the environment.
• Name the raw material used as a source of calcium carbonate
• Sulphur dioxide reacts with the calcium carbonate to produce calcium
sulphite, CaSO3, and carbon dioxide.

Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Gas buangan daripada stesen janakuasa yang menggunakan pembakaran arang
batu mengandungi sulfur dioksida, yang menyebabkan hujan asid. Sulfur dioksida
boleh dirawat daripada gas buangan ini melalui tindak balas dengan garam kalsium
karbonat. Maka, pencemaran udara yang disebabkan oleh sulfur dioksida dapat
dikurangkan.
• Nyatakan satu kesan hujan asid kepada alam sekitar
• Namakan bahan mentah yang digunakan sebagai sumber kalsium karbonat
• Sulfur dioksida bertindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat menghasilkan kalsium sulfit,
CaSO3 dan karbon dioksida.
Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas ini.

[4 marks]
(b) Diagram 9 shows a flow chart of series of reaction on solid P.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu carta alir bagi siri tindak balas ke atas pepejal P.

Based on Diagram 9,
• identify Solid P, Solid Q, Solution R and Gas Y
• Name reaction I and state the colour of solid T.
Berdasarkan Rajah 9,
• Kenal pasti Pepejal P, Pepejal Q, Larutan R dan Gas Y
• Namakan tindak balas I dan nyatakan warna pepejal T.

[6 marks]
(c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium carbonate salt. The chemicals
supplied are:
Anda dikehendaki menyediakan garam magnesium karbonat kering. Bahan
kimia yang dibekalkan adalah:
• Solid X
Pepejal X
• dilute hydrochloric acid
asid hiroklorik cair
• potassium carbonate solution
larutan kalium karbonat

By using the substances supplied, name solid X and describe how to prepare
magnesium carbonate salt in laboratory. Include the chemical equations
involved in your description.

Dengan menggunakan bahan yang dibekalkan, namakan pepejal X dan

huraikan bagaimana anda menyediakan garam magnesium karbonat dalam
makmal. Sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat dalam huraian anda.

[10 marks]