Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

5A: Three Phase S Constructional

-
L
~ winding ·bution and pitch
0.
C, factors).
a..
0 eration of rotating
CJ)
magnetic field, otor, Slip and its

CAM IBs RIT JD CG JE

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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·-
0
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 135

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
MODULES
SA - Three Phase Synchronous Generator
Introduction
AC generators or alternators operate on the fundamental principle of electromagnetic induction
[EMI], similar to that of De generators. Both AC and DC generators consist of an armature winding

_(,\> - - --~
and a magnetic field. But one major difference between that two is that, in De generators, the
1t·1-,..
armature rotates field system is stationary. The arrangement in alternators is just the reverse of it. In
-~- /\. \ \ I / / / A. v~
the case of alternators, standard construction consists of armature winding mounted on a stationary
1'.. './ ........... / -·
element called stator and field windings on a rotating element call rotor.
-... II .An 11111111111111 Int... \ \ _..
Whenever making flux linking the conductor changes an EMF will be induced in the conductor this
'=- ~

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L
I::::::::lc~~r~ aticfil y Tc~ MF where ~uctor is stationary ma~etic Md

~
0.
C,
a.. Basically an alternator consists of two parts stator and Rotor
0
CJ)
I.Stator (/~LJ~\ ~ J
Stator consists of cast iron or steel frame which supports armature core having slots on its periphery
\. ~ - - ~ '-- I ff fr , /
for housing armature conductors. The stator core used a laminated construction in order to reduce
"'--...,,..#"
eddy current loss. The material used special magnetic iron steel alloy so as to keep the hysteresis
// 1 /,.\ L\ l \ I UI II JJ 11 11 " I( • IL
losses minimum. The frame does not carry any flux and serves as the support to the core. Ventilation
is provided with the help of holes (ducts) casted in the frame. )LOGY
0

3 phase
supply

·-0\
·-
0
@)
Fig.5.1

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
2. Rotor
There are two types of Rotor
Salient pole type Rotor.
This is also called projected pole type as all the poles are projected out the surface of the rotor. The
Poles are made up of thick steel laminations and are bolted to the rotor as shown in the fig.5.2.
The field winding is placed on the pole core and is supported by the pole shoe.
These rotors have large diameters small axial length. I£ P.~
~u- __.. 1 1 ,__ , ~....

L't..~ / ,
Salient pole type rotors are engine driven. ~
, U?,~~~
The mechanical strength of salient pole type less, hence this is preferred for low speed alternators.
u u
~
r-..... ) / ~ ./\

-
L
~
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)
II ~{-~=~
.\-==----'
.. \ \\. I
Fig.5.2: Salient Pole Type Rotor

Smooth cylindrical/Non salien~ e ~'o~~ 7

----~
• This is also called as non projected pole type of rotor. \' ~
II\\ ll\\/11\ IK<. lblt II II \l ( I ~
,i=;
ll=.I
•
(I .
The rotor consists of smooth solid Steel cylinder having number of slots to accommodate the
field coil. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
0

·-0\
·-
0
@) F;dd hJ i-nd.in~.

Fig.5.3: Non- Salient Pole Type Rotor

• The unslotted portions of the cylinder itself act as the poles.

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
• The poles are not projected out and the surface of the rotor is smooth which maintains uniform
air gap between stator and rotor.
• These rotors have small diameter and large axial length.
• These types of rotors are mechanically very strong and are preferred for high speed alternators
up 3000 rpm.
• These are turbine driven hence they are called as Turbo alternators.
Types of Alternators

Principle of operation
~ ,-------==== ~

The alternators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. For the purpose of better
-
L
I C- FIii 1111 I , I '\ II 1111 Ill\ ~ I
understanding, let us consider the armature conductors are rotating with respect to the field which is
~
0.
C,
stationary as show~\i;~ ~~ 1111111 I 11
L_J 111111 II~ ~) ~
a.. Consider a relative motion of a single conductor under the magnetic field produced by two stationary
0
CJ) poles. (/~LJ~\
I
~ J~LJld{\7
I
I
/')..)
.. ,I

:·· . i Cort~h,1,_
I 4- I
,,, V
Ij
,.
$'·

·-0\
·-
0
Fig.5.4: Two Pole Alternator

@) • Let the conductor start rotating position I at this instant the entire velocity component is
parallel to the flux lines the conductor is not cutting any flux lines and the emf induced in the
conductor is zero.

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
• As the conductor moves from position I to position 2, the flux lines cut by the conductor
increases, accordingly the magnitude of emf induced also increases. At position 2 enter
velocity component is perpendicular to the flux lines and at this instant, the induced emf is
maximum.
• As the conductor changes its position from 2 to 3, the velocity component perpendicular to the
flux starts decreasing and hence the magnitude of emf also decreases. At position 3 the emf
induced in the conductor is zero._("£ '{0
~U __...
Tile P.~, ....
1 1 ,__ ~

• Now when the conductor moves from position 3 to pos1t10n 4 the velocity component
L't..~ / \. \ \ I I I I / "- ~~
perpendicular to the flux lines again starts increasing. But the direction of velocity component
f'..... )/ ,<. ./\
is opposite in direction of velocity component existing during the movement of conductor
r---i I Al 11111111111111111111'.. \ \..----1
from position I to 2 . Hence the induced emf in the conductor increases but in the opposite

direction. ~ nTII 1 ~ I 1rnr\ ~

-
L
~
• At position 4, the velocity component becomes perpendicular to the flux lines, hence the
II JI VI ,, I .II 1111 I I I I L-J II 1111 IL \ If 1\1 \l ll
0. induced emf is maximum. But the direction of the velocity component is opposite hence the
}I }11111 ~
11
C,
a.. induced emf i~~ ppo\~
J I I-.. I
t~a~ ~} in dosi~i ~n 2.
11 1111 I I I I I I \ ~\
-v(
0 • As the conductor moves from position 4 to 1, the induced emf decreases and finally becomes
CJ)
zeroatpositi~;-, ~ u '--t" Jf' '=z c.J/
\ \ er<' ~ I //_ , .
=

INSTIT 00 .@ Time
0
I
I
1 c.\'idc. = 360° k-
t:.lc.c.b·ico.l.!

·-0\
·-
0 I rotation= 360° = Mechanical angle
@) I cycle= { one positive cycle of induced emf} + { one negative cycle of induced emf}
= 360° = electrical angle
For 2 pole alternator, one mechanical angle corresponds to one electrical angle.
Dept. of EEE , CiTech 139
 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
But in general,

I O mechanical angle = p electrical angle.

2

Frequency of generated voltage:

Let P = Number of poles

f= Frequency of induced emf \>~ '{0 Tile Py

N ~ speed of the rotor in rpm. ~~ \ \ n )>"'

-
L
~
As speed is N rpm, in one second, rotor will complete
)I JI VI I\ / .... 11 1111 I I I I -
61
I
0. Frequency= No. of electrical cycles per second.
C, \. - \..__-- II 1111 I I I I
a.. = (No. of electrical cycles per revolution) x (Revolutions per second)
0
CJ) (:} (:0)~~~ Li~ ~Li d/';i]
f= PN Hz.
120
Synchronousspeed(Ns AM IBs RIT ID CG 1E
For fixed number of poles, a ·

·-0\
·-
0 f = required rated frequency.
@ In India, the frequency of an alternating emf is standard value which is 50Hz.

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
EMF equation of an alternator

Let, Z= Total number of conductors.

Zph = Conductor per phase

Tph = Turns per phase, Tph~ Zph c·.· I turn= 2 conductors)

2
Ns = Synchronous speed in rpm

P = Number of poles
Eph= Phase voltage
¢ = Flux I pole in wb. ~

EL = Line voltage. ~ \ _ ~./)

-
L
~ The average value of emf induced (e) / conductor,
0.
C,
a..
0
Flux cut I Conductors' / revolution
,,
.,>~
I T
( . )=
l
' 1ll
I
CJ) Time taken/ revolution (dt) = - seconds
\.
-Ns
--~
~,
The average value of emf induced (e) /conductor=
~ ~ -

1 ~</JP ~ ===:='r¢120f ~2¢f

~11 GOJE
~ 60P

If there are Zph conductors / , ~ ITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

·-0\
·-
0 :. RMS value of EMF/ phase= krx (Avg.value)
@) Erh = 1.11 x (2 x ¢ x f x Zph )
But Zph = 2 Tph

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
: . Eph = 1.11 x ( 2 x ¢ x f x 2 x Tph )
Eph = 4.44 x ¢ x f x Tph volts
This would have been actual value of emf induced, if all the coils in phase were full pitched &
~
~ concentrated. But practically due to short pitching & distributed coils, the actual available voltage is
L
J3 reduced by the ratio of winding factors i.e kp and kct.

given by,

-
L
~
0.
C, Problems:
a..
0 5.1 A 2 pole, 3- i/ h 2 conductors in each
CJ)
&P-A+-'R-H0 ·0 -volts. Kct = 0.952 and

Given:

·-0\ Slots* Conductors/ Slot

Z ph = C on duct ors / Ph ase = - - - - - - - - -
·-
0 Phase
@) z _ 42*2
ph- 3

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Zph= 28

Given, Ns = 3000

Ns = 12 0f = 3000
p

f= P*3000 =50Hz
120

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L
~
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)

Given:
P=6 CAM IBs RIT ID CG 1E
Ns = l000rpm INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
No. of slots= 90

<I>= 0.05wb
·-0\
·-
0
Kw= 0.96

@) The emf of an alternator is given by,

Eph = 2.22 f *cl>* Zph *Kw ................ (1)

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

Ns = llOf = 1000
p

f= P *1000 = 6*1000 = S0Hz

120 120

Zph = Slots* Conductors/ Slot = 240

Phase

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L
~
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)
coil span factor.

Distribution Factor (Kct) INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

factor and is denote

·-0\
·-
0 Kct=
sin(¥)
/J = slot angle,
@)
msin(~)

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

P= -180
n
, n = no. of slots/pole , m = No. of slots/ pole/ phase.

Winding Factor is given by Kw= Kr * Kct.

-
L
~
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)

CAM IBs RIT ID CG 1E

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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·-
0
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 145

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
SB-Three Phase Induction Motors

Introduction:

An electric motor which works on a.c. supply is called a.c. motor. The a.c. motors are classified as

i) Asynchronous Motors (Single Phase Induction Motors and Three Phase Induction Motors)
ii)

ustry is the Three Phase Induction

ii)

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L
~
iii)
iv)
0.
C,
a.. v)
0 vi)
CJ)

i)
ii)
The starting t~ e* d ·rBoJ~jrflB)t~
Induction motor 1s a constant fil)eed machineN
0 C motor
· therefore the speed variation of induction
INSTITUTt OF TECH OLOGY
motors is done at the expense of money and motor efficiency.
0

Construction:

Induction motors have two main parts - stator and rotor.

·-0\
·-
0 I) Stator: Stator is the stationary part of induction motor. A three phase winding is placed in the
@) stator of induction motor and the three phase supply is given to it.
2) Rotor: Rotor is the rotating part of induction motor. The rotor is connected to the mechanical load
through the shaft.
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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Stator:
The construction of stator for both the kinds of three phase induction motor remains the same.
The stator of the three-phase induction motor consists of three main parts:
a) Stator frame - It is the outer part of the three phase induction motor. Its main function is
to support the stator core and the field winding. It acts as a covering, and it provides
protection and mechanical strength to all the inner parts of the induction motor. The
frame is either made up of die-cast or fabricated steel. The frame of three phase induction
motor should be strong and rigid as the air gap length of three phase induction motor is
very small.
b) Stator core
c) Stator winding or field winding.
II)
II)
•
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~
L
~
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)
• Stator winding

peedequatfuri:""iv _l 2_0_i
~o=n=, ==s===1::: __

JI slfJ cGs J.,tted~n a casted or fabricated

steel frame. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• magnetic field is

conductors by mutual induction pnnciple.

·-
-~ • The stator construction is as shown in figure 5.5
Q
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 147

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

~
~
L
C,
w
~
~
I-
~ .,.,
>
C,
V)
Rotor:
II)
II)

-
~
L
~
0.
C,
a..
otor areclassified as:
0
CJ)
i) Squirre \Cage Inducf~n Motn
ii) Slip Ring

1. Squirrel cage: CAM JBs RIT l(J) (G JE

• This type of rotor f~s°fffrff£t'Ofaftt'h~s~ oe,¥ype of construction as shown in
figure 5.6.
•
•
This type@, cons" ;f.ry/ o lin filca ~~e lth so ereslots.
The rotor consists of umn~ lted copper or alumimum~ rs ca lea rotor conductors. The

·-0\ bars are placed in the slots.

·-
0 • These bars are permanently shorted at each end with the help of conducting copper ring
@) called end ring, because of which rotor resistance is very less. Hence this rotor is also
called short circuited rotor.
• The bars are usually brazed to the end rings to provide good mechanical strength.
Dept. of EEE , CiTech 148
 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
• As the rotor is short circuited, no external resistance can be introduced so slip ring and
brush assembly is not required for this type of rotor.

End ring

-
L
~ i) 3/ making the motor
0.
C,
a..
ii) y locked gets reduced
0
CJ)

iii)
2. Slip Ring Rotor

• The rotor carries a

•
•
·-0\ winding terminals are brought out and connected to three insulated slip rings mounted on
·-
0 the shaft with brushes resting on them.
@) • These brushes are connected externally to a star connected rheostat for increasing the
starting torque of motor.

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 149

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

,'
,,
, ~ Slip rings
I
I

Star connected connected

rotor winding rheostat
~·
~

Comparison between Squirrel Cag

-
L
~
0. , , rotor bars which are
C,
a..
0
CJ)

The construction is simple and robust and it is cheap

·-0\ of brushes and slip ring makes the motor more
as compared to slip ring induction motor
·-
0 costly
@) This motor is rarely used only 10% industry uses Due to its simple construction and low cost. The
slip ring induction motor squirrel cage induction motor is widely used

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Rotor copper losses are high and hence less
Less rotor copper losses and hence high efficiency
efficiency
Speed control by rotor resistance method 1s Speed control by rotor resistance method is not
possible possible

Applications:

1.

-
L
~
2.
ts, elevators, cranes,
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)
Three phase induc ·
rotor is called as a rcl~= ~~
displacedfrom each othe l, · cp:i3l are p ·ef--b2 tli~ e phase balanced voltages, a
rotating magnetic field ( . · i e1-k~a: .fli flu~!h ~ roduced due to three phase
supply given to three phase l~t1{JJ~nQNg1~G~QJ1qM\re displaced by 120° from each

·-0\
·-
0
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 151

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
PhaseR Phase Y Phase R

~
~ (Ot
L 8 ~ (.t)l
C,
w
~
~
.,
I-
~
>
C,
V)

-
L
~
0.
C,
a.. A

0
CJ)
Case 1:mt = 0°
Substituting for mt ' C Cly e --0.866 +,..

CAMIBsRITTI ,
INSTITUTE OF TECH_t<-; Ass edpos '
I

diredion of~ /

·-0\
·-
0
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 152

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
The positive values are shown in assumed positive directions while negative values are shown in
opposite direction to the assumed positive directions of the respective fluxes.

BD is drawn perpendicular fromB on r/JT. It bisectsr/JT.

:.OD=DA= r/Jr
2

So magnitude of r/JT isl .5¢m and its

Case 2:{lJt = 60°

-
L
~
0.
Substituting for mt= 6
!I rf\71 I ~<fJ1.
=-0 ------- - A
C,
a..
0 ,,
CJ) - O.6660m

sum po I 7
of ,
= I

Repeating the same construe

<CAM
N Ee- tia:r;m

II)
~
~
0
Z Case 3:{lJt = 120 °
·-0\
0 Substituting for mt = 120 in equation (1)
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 153

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
✓3
</JR = +2</Jm A sumed \
po
---
~

\
¢y =0 drectlon
or ts
'
o,,.,_---r-~ - ,C\ ~ " • 0.866 ,,,
\
✓3
</JB =-2</Jm
</JT =</JR +</JB

u, " .-irwff'ih as rotated through 120° in

II)

-
~
L
~
0.
C,
Q.. Substituting for mt=
0
CJ)
Assumed positive\
direction ofea '

<CAMJB , C 0a ~ - 0.806 o,,,

INSTITUTE 0 ,
I

\ I

Fig 5.12
·-0\
·-
0
Repeating the same construction, drawing perpendicular from Bon at D we get the same result as, ~T

@) = l.5~m- It can be observed that though its magnitude is l.5~m it has rotated through 60° in space, in
clockwise direction, from its previous position. And from its position at~= 0°, it has rotated through
180° in space, in clockwise direction.
Dept. of EEE , CiTech 154
 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
From the above discussions following conclusions can be made:

a) The resultant of the three alternating fluxes, separated from each other has constant amplitude
of 1.5 t1>m where t1>m is maximum amplitude of an individual flux due to any phase.
b) The resultant flux always keeps rotating in space at the same frequency as that of supply
frequency.

•
•
is produced. The speed o is called synchronous speed, N s in
120/
r.p.m. N 8 =-p
-.

-
L •
~
0. •
C,
a..
0
CJ)

I I I

•l ti • ~
I I I I I
Can
1 ,..,..- of two ftuxo,
I I I I I I
: I I I I : \\ ~ow ftux area)
I ~C~~::;>Medlanlcal
I Rotor
lam

Rotor conduc.i>rJ

(a) (b) (c)

·-0\ •
·-
0
At this instant rotor is stationary and stator flux R.M.F. is rotating. Because of this there
exists a relative motion between the R.M.F. and rotor conductors.
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 155

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
• The R.M.F. gets cut by rotor conductors as R.M.F. sweeps over rotor conductors.
Whenever conductors cut the flux, e.m.f. gets induced in it. So e.m.f. gets induced in the
rotor conductors called rotor induced e.m.f.
~
~
• As rotor forms closed circuit, induced e.m.f. circulates current through rotor called rotor
L
C, current as shown in figure 5.12 (b ).
w • Current carrying conductor produces its own flux. So rotor produces its flux called rotor
~
~
I-
~
> •
\\ n0·rz~
flux. For assumed direction of rotor current, the direction of rotor flux is clockwise as
showninthefigure5. ~~~
There are two fluxes, one R.M.F. and other rotor flux. Both the fluxes interact with each
C, f'..... )/ ,<. ./\
V) other and rotor conductor experience a force from left to right as shown in figure 5.12 (d).
r--i I Al 11111111111111111111'.. \ \..----1

II)
II) : ~:eo;~~~1fi~lff:o~:~ ::~11 r~~j~?): rstms rotating in the
-
~
L
~
Ns is the speed of rotating magnetic field (synchronous speed) in r.p.m.

Nisf syictf+i:{foto[idl;Jj H ~~(

0.

r
C,
a..
0
CJ) Then (Ns is relative bl ee~ idthe '!!3' and is called slip
~ th~ R.M.F

Slip:
speed. \ S. ~ / /

• The slip speed is generally expressed as the percentage of synchronous speed. The difference
ll /~ \ II\VI\ I Ir\'\ I~ 11 11 IJ \\ 'TT I I""'
between the synchronous speed (Ns) and the speed of the rotor ( N) expressed as a fraction of
T ._ T ,.....,,.....,... T"T"T' ,-,,. T' 'T"T' r,y 1' .._ T ,-,,. 1' - ~

the synchronous speed (Ns) is called 'SLIP'. It is denoted by's'.

·-0\ • Actual speed of rotor in terms of slip can be expressed as N = N s ( 1- s).

·- • At start, motor is at rest, i.e., N = 0, therefore s =I at start or standstill.

0
@) • Practically motor operates in the slip range of I% to 5%. The slip corresponding to full load
speed of the motor is called "full load slip."

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Can N= Ns?
• When rotor starts rotating, it tries to catch the speed of rotating magnetic field.
• If rotor catches the speed of the rotating magnetic field, the relative motion between rotor and
the rotating magnetic field will vanish ( Ns - N = 0).
• The relative motion is the main cause for the induced e.m.f. in the rotor. So induced e.m.f. will
vanish and hence there cannot be rotor current and the rotor flux which is essential to produce
the torque on the rotor. Eventually motor will stop.
• But due to inertia of rotor, this does not happen in practice and motor continues to rotate with
a speed slightly less than the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field in the steady
state.
• The induction motor never rotates at synchronous speed. The speed at which it rotates is hence
called sub-synchronous speed. :. N < NS. So it can be said that rotor slips behind the rotating
L magnetic field produced by stator. The difference between the two is called slip speed of the
~
CL motor. Ns - N = Slip speed of the motor in r.p.m.

~ •
0
CJ)

• The speed of rotating magnetic field is,

N
s
= 1201
p
CAMIBs RIT ID CG 1E
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
l-s)~ startN=00 :.s= Q. _ 0
• If fr be the frequency of rotor induced e.m.f. and rotor current, in rotor running condition at
slip speed (Ns - N), then there exists a fixed relation between, NS - N, fr and P.

·-0\
·-
0
@)

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 157

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23

N -N = l20fr
s p
NS -N l20fr
Ns PNs
l20frp
/
Ns-N /p
NS 120¼

S = fr
f
:. fr= sf

Thus the frequency of rotor induced e.m.f. in running condition is slip times the supply
frequency.

Starter:
-
L
~ Necessity of Starter: When a 3- phase motor of higher rating is switched on directly from the mains
0.
C, it draws a starting current of about 4 -7 times the full load current. As rotor conductors are short
a..
circuited, the e.m.f. circulates very high current through rotor conductors at start. Due to such high
0
CJ) current at starting there is a possibility of damage to the motor winding. This will also cause a drop in
the voltage affecting the performance of other loads connected to the mains. To avoid such kind of
adverse effects it is necessary to limit the starting current. Hence starters are used to limit the initial
current drawn by the 3 phase induction motors.

Starter not only limits the starting current but also provides protection to the induction motor against
overloading and low voltage conditions. The starter also provides single phasing protection. Some of
the starters used with three phase induction motor are:

i) Direct On Line Starter (DOL starter)

·-0\
·-
0
ii) Series Reactance Starter

@) iii) Auto Transformer Starter

iv) Star Delta Starter:

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 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Star-Delta Starter:

• This is the cheapest and simplest starter of all and hence used very commonly for the
induction motors.
• It uses triple pole double throw (TPDT) switch.
• The switch connects the stator winding in star at start. Hence per phase voltage get reduced

by the factor y✓3, Vph =). Due to this reduced voltage, the starting current also gets

reduced by factor f ✓3 .
• When the motor attains 50 - 60% of rated speed, the switch is thrown on other side (RUN),
the winding gets connected in delta, across the supplyVph = VL. So it gets normal rated
voltage.
-
L
~
• Each phase of the winding gets rated voltage, which is sufficient to produce running torque.
0. • The arrangement of star - delta starter is shown in the figure
C,
a.. V
V°
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3 Phase sups,ly
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3
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TPOT -

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5Wtlch Slart
Siar

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c:agelOIOt

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Dept. of EEE , CiTech 159

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
• This of starter is suitable only for those motors designed to run with delta connected stator
winding.

• The factor by which the voltage change is (J?, and cannot be changed.
Problems:

5.3 A six pole induction motor is supplied by a 10 pole alternator which is driven at 600
r.p.m. If the motor is running at 970 r.p.m. Determine the percentage slip.
Data:
Alternator:
Ns = 600 r.p.m.
P = 10

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N, -120f -120x C ~ ~ JE RIT JD G IE

6
P INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
s= Ns -N = I,QD0-970 = 0.&B
Ns ~ o
:.slip= 3%

·-0\
·-
0 5.4 A 4 pole induction motor is supplied from a 50 Hz source. The rotor e.m.f. makes 2
@) alterations/ second. Find slip and speed of motor.
Data:
P=4
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dept. of EEE , CiTech 160
 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
f= 50 Hz
fr=2Hz

S = fr = ~ = 0.04
f 50
N =I20f =120x50=l 500
s p r.p.m.
4
N = Ns{I-s}= 150c(l-0.04)= l440r.p.m.

:. slip= 4% and N = 1440 r.p.m.

5.5 A 4 pole, 50 Hz induction

the slip is 2.5%.
Data:
-
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P=4
0. f= 50 Hz
C,
a..
0
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N NL - NFL = 22.5r.p.m. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

·-0\ 5.6 A 4 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz induction motor runs at a speed of 1470 r.p.m. Find the
·-
0 synchronous speed, the slip and frequency of the induced e.m.f. in the rotor under this
@) condition.

Data: P = 4

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 161

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
f= 50 Hz
N = 1470 r.p.m.

Ns
= l20f = l20x 50 = 1500
r.p.m.
p 4
s = NS -N = 1500-1470 = 0.02
Ns 1500
fr =sf= 0.02x 50 = lHz

:. Synchronous speed is 1500 r.p.m., slip= 0.02%, rotor frequency= 1 Hz

5.7 A 6 pole alternator runs at 1000 r.p.m. supplies power to a 4 pole induction motor. The
frequency of rotor of induction motor is 2Hz. Determine the slip and speed of the motor.

Data:

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Alternator:
P=6
0.
C,
a..
0
CJ)

N = l20f
s p

... f = ~~; =
6
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
0
For the inductio~ or~

Ns = l20f = 120~ o li:~ or. <fJ1

p 4 @)
·-0\ S = fr = ~= 0.04
·-
0
f 50
N = N s (1 - s) = 150o{l- 0.04) = l440r.p.m.
@)

:. slip= 4%, speed of motor= 1440 r.p.m.

Dept. of EEE , CiTech 162

 Basics of Electrical Engineering 18ELE13/23
Additional Problems:
1. A three phase 6 pole 50Hz induction motor has a slip of I% at no load and 3% at full load.
Determine: i) Synchronous speed, (ii) No load speed, (iii) Full-load speed, (iv) Frequency of rotor
current at standstill, (v) Frequency of rotor current at full-load.
2. A 3 phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50Hz system. Calculate (i)
Synchronous speed (ii) The speed of the motor when slip is 4% (iii) The rotor current frequency
when motor runs at 1440 r.p.m. \>~ '{0 Tile Py
3. A 3 phase, 4 poles, 400V, SJ!,/§/ d ti o or ru ~ i!II:. a slip of 4% find rotor speed and
frequency. ·~
4. A 3 phase induction motor wi n lternator having 6 poles and running

II)
II) 0.04
~
-r: s. nchronous speed. On
~
0.
C,
a.. 6.
0
CJ)

CAM IBs RIT ID CG 1E

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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Dept. of EEE , CiTech 163

 Basics of Electrical Engineering
18ELE13/23

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C,
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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Dept. of EEE , CiTech 164