Eurocode 5 Design of Timber Structures

DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT |
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1995-1-2:2000
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Eurocode 5: Design of |
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timber structures |
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Part 1-2: General rules Ð Structural |
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fire design |
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Licensed copy:UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH, 12/07/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
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National Application |
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Document) |
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ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.20 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
National Foreword
This publication comprises the English language version of ENV 1995-1-2:1997, Eurocode 5 Ð Design
of timber structures Ð Part 1.2: General rules Ð Structural fire design, as published by the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), plus the United Kingdom (UK) National Application
Document (NAD) to be used with the ENV for the design of buildings to be constructed in the UK.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Subcommittee B/525/5, Structural
use of timber, which has the responsibility to:
Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;
Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or
proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.
ENV 1995-1-2 results from a programme of work sponsored by the European Commission to make
available a common set of rules for the design of building and civil engineering works.
This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.
An ENV is made available for provisional application but does not have the status of a European
Standard. The aim is to use the experience gained during the ENV period to modify the ENV so that it
can be adopted as a European Standard.
The values for certain parameters in the ENV Eurocodes may be set by CEN members so as to meet
the requirements of national regulations. These parameters are designated by × (boxed values) in the
ENV.
During the ENV period of validity, reference should be made to the supporting documents listed in the
NAD.
It should be noted that ENV 1995-1-2 designs are based on partial factors and characteristic values for
actions and material properties, in contrast to BS 5268 which uses permissible stress values.
The purpose of the NAD is to provide essential information, particularly in relation to safety, to enable
the ENV to be used for structures and buildings constructed in the UK. The NAD takes precedence
over corresponding provisions in the ENV.
The Building Regulations 1991, Approved Document A 1992 (published December 1991) draws
designers' attention to the potential use of ENV Eurocodes as an alternative approach to Building
Regulation compliance. ENV 1995-1-2 has been thoroughly examined over a period of several years
and is considered to offer such an alternative approach when used in conjunction with the NAD.
Compliance with ENV 1995-1-2 and its NAD does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
Users of this document are invited to comment on its technical content, ease of use and any
ambiguities and anomalies. These comments will be taken into account when preparing the UK
national response to CEN on the question of whether the ENV can be converted into an EN.
Comments should be sent in writing to BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, quoting the
document reference, the relevant clause and, where possible, a proposed revision.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this
document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational
Standards Correspondence Indexº, or using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic
Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of
British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Summary of pages
This Draft for Development, This page consists of a front cover an inside front cover, page i to x, an EN title page, pages 2 to 43
having been prepared under the and a back cover.
direction of the Sector
Committee, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect Amendments issued since publication
on 15 January 2000
Amd. No. Date Comments
 BSI 01-2000
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
Draft for Development:
Committee reference B/525/5
ISBN 0 580 33102 4

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
National Application Document
for use in the UK with

ENV 1995-1-2:1994
 BSI 01-2000 i
DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
Contents of
Page
National foreword Inside front cover
Introduction iii
1 Scope iii
2 Normative references iii
3 Partial factors, combination factors and other values iii
4 Additional recommendations iv
Figure 4.5 Ð Protected fasteners: a) and b) glued-in plugs, c) protective panels v
Figure B.1 Ð Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps, c) protected by

glued-in strips, d) protected by panels v
Table 1 Ð Partial factors vi
Table 2 Ð Combination factors (c) vii
Table 3 Ð Boxed values (other than gM,fi values) vii
Table 4 Ð References in 1995-1-2 to other publications viii
ii  BSI 01-2000
DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
Introduction BS 1297:1987, Specification for tongued and grooved

softwood flooring.
This National Application Document (NAD) has been
prepared by Subcommittee B525/5. It has been BS 5803, Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof
developed from: spaces in dwellings.
a) a textual examination of ENV 1995-1-2; BS 5268-2:1996, Structural use of timber Ð Part 2:
Code of practice for permissible stress design,
b) calibration against UK practice, supporting
materials and workmanship.
standards and test data;
BS 6399-1:1996, Loadings for buildings Ð Part 1:
c) trial calculations.
Code of practice for dead and imposed loadings.
It should be noted that this NAD, in common with
BS EN 300:1997, Oriented strand board (OSB) Ð
ENV 1995-1-2 and supporting CEN standards, uses a
Definitions, classification and specifications.
comma (,) where a decimal point (.) would be
traditionally used in the UK. BS EN 301:1992, Adhesives, phenolic and
aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures:

ENV 1995-1-1 was drafted before the formats for all
classification and performance requirements.
Eurocodes were harmonized and therefore contains
a different format for clause numbering than BS EN 309:1992, Wood particleboards Ð Definition
ENV 1995-1-2. Specifically clauses that comprise: and classification.
Ð general statements and definitions for which BS EN 313-1:1996, Plywood Ð Classification and
there are no alternatives; terminology Ð Classification.
Ð requirements and analytical models for which BS EN 316:1993, Wood fibreboards Ð Definition,
no alternatives are permitted unless specifically classification and symbols.
stated; BS EN 338:1995, Structural timber Ð Strength
are known as ªPrincipleº clauses and the clause classes.
number is followed by the letter P, e.g. (3)P. DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996, Basis of designs and actions
In ENV 1995-1-1, the clause number is preceded by on structures Ð Part 2-2: Thermal actions Ð
the letter P. Actions on structures exposed to fire.
DD ENV 1993-1-2, Steel structures Ð Part 1-2: Rules
1 Scope for structural fire design Ð Supplementary rules
for structural fire designs.
This NAD provides the information required to
enable ENV 1995-1-2:1994, Eurocode 5: Design of DD ENV 1995-1-1:1994, Design of timber
timber structures Ð Part 1-2: General rules Ð structures Ð Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
Structural fire design, to be used for the design of buildings.
buildings and civil engineering structures to be Table 4 contains references to other publications
constructed in the UK. cited in this Eurocode.
2 Normative references 3 Partial factors, combination factors

The following normative documents contain and other values
provisions which, through reference in this text, a) The values for partial safety factors (g) should
constitute provisions of this part of this NAD. For be as given in Table 1 of this NAD.
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
b) As the calculation of fire resistance is related to
revisions of any of these publications do not apply.
the design of the building elements in the non-fire
For undated references, the latest edition of the
situation, the combination factors (c) in Table 2 of
publication referred to applies.
this NAD are the same as in Table 2 of the NAD of
BS 476-4:1984, Fire tests on building materials and ENV 1995-1-1. These values differ from those given
structures Ð Part 4: Non-combustibility test for in ENV 1991-1.
materials.
c) The values for other boxed values should be as
BS 476-11:1988, Fire tests an building materials and given in Table 3 of this NAD.
structures Ð Part 11: Method of assessing heat
emission from building materials.
BS 1230-1:1994, Gypsum plasterboard Ð Part 1:
Specification for plasterboard excluding material
submitted to secondary operations.
 BSI 01-2000 iii

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
4 Additional recommendations c) Subclause 3.1, item (7) and, item (8)

The value of tpr should be determined by testing.
4.1 General guidance
However, values for tpr may be obtained for the
The following points should be followed when following commonly-used fire protective claddings
designing to ENV 1995-1-2. from the following subclauses:
4.2 Section 2 Basic principles Ð wood and wood-based panels, subclause 3.2,
a) Subclause 2.1, item (1)P and item(3)P item (2);
The criteria R, E and I shall meet the requirements Ð gypsum plasterboard type F to prEN 520, C.3.2,
of the relevant UK national regulations for fire item (2);
resistance. Ð gypsum plasterboard types A and H to
b) Subclause 2.4, item (3) prEN 520, C.3.2, item (3);
This clause lays down three alternative ways of Ð non-combustible insulating materials, C.3.2,
item (4).
designing for the effects of fire on timber

members: 4.4 Section 4 Structural fire design
1) simplified effective cross-section method; a) Subclause 4.4.3, item (2)
2) reduced strength and stiffness method; Where a column is continuous through two or
3) general method. more storeys, the column may be assumed to be
Methods 1) and 2) have been calibrated against restrained in position at intermediate floors
present UK design procedures and found provided the fire resistance of the intermediate
acceptable. Method 3) cannot be used as it floor(s) is not less than that needed by the
requires the input of data not available at this column.
time. b) Subclause 4.4.6, item (2)P
NOTE Method 2) gives smaller cross-sections than method 1), In the UK, walls are assumed to be subject to fire
but greater computational effort is needed. from one side at a time and floors are assumed to
c) Subclause 2.5.3, item (3) be subject only to fire on the soffit and are
Using the procedure for accidental design classified as ªseparating constructionsº in
situations described in subclause 2.3.2.2 item P(2) accordance with ENV 1995-1-2:1994, 1.3. A free
of ENV 1995-1-1, it is possible to derive values for standing column that can be subject to fire on all
actions in fire (Efi,d) less than 0,6 of the actions in sides is classified as a ªnon-separating
normal temperature design (Ed). For UK designs, constructionº.
equation 2.3.2.2b of ENV 1995-1-1 should be used c) Subclause 4.5
while observing the minimum requirement of The procedures given in 4.5 are a simplified
equation (2.7) of ENV 1995-1-2 such that: approach for the design of joints in fire. A more
Efi,d $ 0,6Ed rigorous treatment is given in annex B.
4.3 Section 3 Materials Information concerning connectors is given in the
NAD of ENV 1995-1-1.
a) Subclause 3.1, item (2)
4.5 refers only to three member joints and
Wood panels and solid timber softwood boarding
Table 4.2 refers only to wood-to-wood joints.
which conform to BS 1297 may be used, as may
hardwood boarding which has the same profiles as d) Subclause 4.5.4, item (1)
given in BS 1297:1987. The correct Figure 4.5 is given.
b) Subclause 3.1, item (3) 4.5 Annex B Supplementary rules for joints
Wood-based panels which conform to the a) Subclause B.5
requirements given in BS 5268-2:1996 may be used.
Change the number of the third item from
(2) to (3).
The correct Figure B.1 is given.
iv  BSI 01-2000
DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
a) Glued-in plug
b) Glued-in plug
c) Protective panel
Figure 4.5 Ð Protected fasteners: a) and b) glued-in plugs,

c) protective panels
a) Unprotected
b) Protected by gaps
c) Protected by glued-in strips
d) Protected by panels
Figure B.1 Ð Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps,

c) protected by glued-in strips, d) protected by panels
 BSI 01-2000 v
DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
4.6 Annex C Walls and Floors b) Subclause C.3.2, item (2)

a) Subclause C.3.2 1) Gypsum wallboard type F of prEN 520 is
For the purposes of this NAD, the term equivalent to type 5 of BS 1230.
non-combustible includes both non-combustible 2) Gypsum wallboard type A of prEN 520 is
and limited combustibility materials. equivalent to type 1 of BS 1230.
A limited combustibility material is defined as: 3) Gypsum wallboard type H of prEN 520 is
1) any material which when tested to equivalent to type 3 of BS 1230.
BS 476-11:1988, does not flame or cause any rise 4) For a single layer of gypsum plasterboard,
in temperature on either the centre (specimen) j = 1,0. For multiple layers of gypsum
or furnace thermocouples; plasterboard, j = 0,8 for the outer layer and
2) any material of density 300 kg/m3 or more j = 1,0 for the inner layers.
which, when tested to BS 476-11:1988, does not c) Subclause C.3.2, item (4)
flame, and the rise in temperature on the
Only mineral wool made from rock or slag to the

furnace thermocouple is not more than 20 8C; requirements of BS 5803 meets the
3) any material of density 300 kg/m3 or more, recommendations of this clause.
which when tested to BS 476-11:1988, does not d) Figure 6
flame for more than 10 s, with the rise in
temperature on the centre (specimen) The insulation may be tightly fitting, glued or
thermocouple not more than 35 8C and on the pinned.
furnace thermocouple not more than 25 8C; e) Figure C.8
4) totally inorganic materials such as concrete, The title of Figure C.8 should be ªExample of
fired clay, ceramics, metals, plaster and masonry connections of walls to adjoining floors and wallsº.
containing not more than 1 % by weight or
volume of organic material. (Use in buildings of
combustible metals such as
magnesium/aluminium alloys should be assessed
in each individual case);
5) products classified as non-combustible under
BS 476-4:1984;
6) any material with a non-combustible core at
least 8 mm thick, having combustible facings (on
one or both sides) not more than 0,5 mm thick.
(Where a flame spread rating is specified, these
materials should also meet the appropriate test
requirements.)
Table 1 Ð Partial factors

Reference Definition Symbol Condition Value
Boxed UK
2.3 Partial factor for gM,fi Timber and wood 1,0 1,0
materials based materials
vi  BSI 01-2000
DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
Table 2 Ð Combination factors (c)

Variable action Type of activity/occupancy 1 c0 c1 c2
Imposed floor loads. Self-contained dwellings and communal areas 0,5 0,4 0,2
in blocks of flats not more than three stories
high.
Other types of occupancy 0,7 0,6 0,3
Garages, parking, vehicle access ramps. 0,7 0,7 0,6
Imposed ceiling loads. Self-contained dwellings and communal areas 0,5 0,4 0,2
in blocks of flats not more than three stories
high.
Other types of occupancy 0,7 0,2 0,0
Imposed roof loads All types of occupancy 0,7 0,2 0,0

Wind loads
Table 3 Ð Boxed values (other than gM,fi values)

Reference Definition Value
Boxed UK
2.3(1)P kfi for solid timber 1,25 1,25

kfi for glued laminated timber and 1,15 1,15
wood-based panels.
2.5.2(3) Coefficient of Ed in equation 2.7. 0,60 0,60
Table 4.2 h30 for nails 0,80 0,80
h30 for bolts 0,45 0,45
h30 for dowels (non-projecting) 0,80 0,80
h30 for connectors with bolts 0,45 0,45
h30 for connectors with nails 0,80 0,80
Table 4.3 h30 for nails 1,00 1,00
h30 for bolts 0,45 0,45
h30 for dowels (non-projecting) 1,00 1,00
B.1 Coefficient of D in equation B.1. 20 20
B.2 Coefficient in equation B.3. 0,6 0,6
h30 in equation B.4. 0,6 0,6
B.3(3) c for steel plates as middle members. 12 12
c for wooden middle members. 6,0 6,0
B.4(2) Coefficient of t1 in equation B.8. 0,25 0,25
Values of h30 in equation B.9. 0,60 0,60
C.2.3(3) I minute (also Figures C.1 and C.2). 15 15
II minutes (also Figures C.1 and C.2). 5 5
III minutes (also Figure C.3) 5 5
 BSI 01-2000 vii

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000
Table 4 Ð References in 1995-1-2 to other publications

Reference in Document referred to Document title or subject area UK document
DD ENV 1995-1-2
1.1(1)P ENV 1991-2-2:1996 Actions on structures exposed to fire. DD ENV 1991-2-2
ENV 1995-1-1:1993 Eurocode 5 Ð Design of timber structures Ð DD ENV 1995-1-1
Part 1.1: General rules and rules for
buildings.
3.1(2) EN 338:1995 Structural timber Ð Strength classes. BS EN 338
prEN 1194a Glued laminated timber Ð Strength classes BS 5268-2
and determination of characteristic values.
Specification for tongued and grooved BS 1297
flooring.
3.1(3) EN 309:1992 Particleboards Ð Definition and BS EN 309

classification.
EN 313-1:1996 Plywood Ð Classification and terminology. BS EN 313-1
EN 300:1997 Oriented strand board (OSB) Ð Definitions, BS EN 300
classification and specifications.
EN 316:1993 Wood fibreboards Ð Definition, BS EN 316
classification and symbols.
3.2(1) ENV 13381-7 Contribution to fire resistance of structural
members Ð Part 7: Timber elements
3.3(2) EN 301:1992 Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for BS EN 301
load-bearing timber structures;
classification and performance
requirements.
B.5(1) ENV 1993-1-2:1995 Supplementary rules for structural fire DD ENV 1993-1-2
design.
C.3.2 Method for assessing the heat emission BS 476-11
from building materials.
Non-combustibility test for materials. BS 476-4
C.3.2(2) prEN 520a Gypsum plasterboards Ð Specifications Ð BS 1230-1
Test methods.
C.3.2(4) Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof BS 5803
spaces in buildings.
a Subject to CEN formal vote.
viii  BSI 01-2000

EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD ENV 1995-1-2
PREÂNORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE VORNORM November 1994
ICS 13.220.50; 91.040.00; 91.080.20
Descriptors: buildings, timber construction, building codes, computation, fire tests
English version
Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Ð

Part 1-2: General rules Ð Structural fire design
Eurocode 5: Calcul des structures en bois Ð Eurocode 5: Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Partie 1-2: ReÁgles geÂneÂrales Ð Calcul du Holzbauten Ð Teil 1-2: Algmeine Regeln Ð
comportement au feu Tragwerksbemessung fuÈr den Brandfall
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 1993-06-22 as a

prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this ENV
is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be
requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV
can be converted into an European Standard (EN).
CEN members are required to announce the existance of this ENV in the same way
as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in an
appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force
(in parallel to the ENV) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the
ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
ComiteÂ EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. ENV 1995-1-2:1994 E
DD ENV |
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1995-1-2:2000 |
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DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT |

The following BSI references

ISBN 0 580 33102 4

National Application Document

for use in the UK with

Figure B.1 Ð Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps, c) protected by

National Application Document

Introduction BS 1297:1987, Specification for tongued and grooved

aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures:

2 Normative references 3 Partial factors, combination factors

 BSI 01-2000 iii

4 Additional recommendations c) Subclause 3.1, item (7) and, item (8)

designing for the effects of fire on timber

Figure 4.5 Ð Protected fasteners: a) and b) glued-in plugs,

Figure B.1 Ð Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps,

4.6 Annex C Walls and Floors b) Subclause C.3.2, item (2)

Only mineral wool made from rock or slag to the

Table 1 Ð Partial factors

Table 2 Ð Combination factors (c)

Imposed roof loads All types of occupancy 0,7 0,2 0,0

Table 3 Ð Boxed values (other than gM,fi values)

2.3(1)P kfi for solid timber 1,25 1,25

 BSI 01-2000 vii

Table 4 Ð References in 1995-1-2 to other publications

3.1(3) EN 309:1992 Particleboards Ð Definition and BS EN 309

viii  BSI 01-2000

ICS 13.220.50; 91.040.00; 91.080.20

Descriptors: buildings, timber construction, building codes, computation, fire tests

Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Ð

This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 1993-06-22 as a

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

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