Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 1 – Module 5:

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Critical Reading as Reasoning

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 Reading and Writing
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Critical Reading as Reasoning

ROLAND P. UMANGAY, PhD

Master Teacher II

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Reading and Writing 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Hypertext and Intertext!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

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 Welcome to the Reading and Writing 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Hypertext and Intertext!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you
in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and
skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or

blank sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

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 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Fact, convention, opinion, and preference are common types of assertion used
in
A. Identifying assertion C. Determining evidences
B. Formulating counterclaim D. None of the above

2. Critical reading is not to criticize but to assess the validity of the text
A. True C. Both
B. B. False D. Not so sure

3. Determining evidences is
A. Asserting facts to support claims C. Conducting a survey
B. Rebutting a previous claim D. Showing courteous

4. Hedges are used to be courteous in expressing

A. Evidence C. Counterclaims
B. Assertions D. Critical reading

5. Hypertext reading is more difficult than intertext reading.

A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

6. Your tone must be courteous when you are writing counterclaims.

A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

7. It is the act of giving a statement for justification and explanation.

A. Hedges C. Asserting
B. Reasoning D. Evidence

8. It is an engaging in analytic activity which involves the reader by asking

questions about the text and the author’s claim.
A. Evidence C. Counterclaims
B. Assertions D. Critical reading

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9. Interaction with the text is not necessary in evaluating judgment.
A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

10. The following are the forms of hedges, except:

A. Modals C. Location adverbs
B. Frequency adverbs D. Probability adverbs

11. Which is an example of a modal hedge?

A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above

12. Which is an example of a probability adverb?

A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above

13. Which is a Frequency adverb?

A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above

14. It is a body of facts given by the authors to support their claims?

A. Counterclaims C. Evidence
B. Opinion D. None of the above

15. Critical reading is meant to assess the validity of textual evidence and not to
criticize.
A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

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 Lesson Explain critical reading as reasoning

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Interaction with the text is very important to you as a reader because it will help you
evaluate and formulate judgment on how the text works.

In this lesson, we will focus on explaining critical reading as reasoning.

What’s In

Previously, you have learned the different functions of intertext and hypertext.
Hypertext reading is more difficult than intertext reading because of information
overload as the reader needs to recognize the accuracy of the information presented
and evaluate it.

Now let’s move on to explaining critical reading as reasoning.

What’s New

Read the paragraph and answer the following questions on a separate sheet.

Eastern Samar is an underdeveloped place and is one of the most disaster-

prone places in the Philippines. Because of poverty, residents are forced to live in high-
risk places, which makes them prone to disasters. Disasters in Eastern Samar affect a
large number of people by destroying their houses, farmlands, livelihoods, and other
personal assets.

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Question: What is the weakness in the argument that the writer makes to support the
conclusion about the relationship of poverty to disaster?
a. The writer fails to consider the role of poverty in causing disasters.
b. The writer concludes that the situation in Eastern Samar will generalize
to all underdeveloped places.
c. The writer fails to consider the role of disaster play in causing poverty.
d. The writer fails to explain how people are affected by a disaster.

What is It

Critical reading is engaging in analytic activity which involves the reader by asking
questions about the text and the author’s claim. Critical readers are doing the process
of evaluating, analyzing, and interpreting the assertion of the hidden meaning of the
entire text.

On the other hand, reasoning as defined in Merriam-Webster dictionary, is an act of

giving statements for justification and explanation. It is the ability of someone to
defend something by giving out reasons.

Therefore, when reading critically, it is necessary to question the different arguments

used by the author, as any problem can weaken the authenticity of the conclusion.

Remember that critical reading is not meant to criticize but to assess the validity of
textual evidence.

Steps Used in Critical Reading as Reasoning

by Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez and Marella Therese A. Tiongson

1. Identifying assertions
Identify by a common type of assertion such as fact, convention, opinion, and
preference
2. Formulating a counterclaim
Counterclaims are made to rebut a previous claim
3. Determining evidence
Evidence is the details given by the authors to support his/her claims

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 Example
You are asking your father for an Android phone—that is your claim. Then,
your father answers you, “I am sorry, but you couldn’t.”—this is his
counterclaim.
He might say that you already have a cellphone. Now, you are going to
formulate a reason for your counterclaim. You may say that the reason you are
asking for an Android phone is because you need to use it for your online class
and would be very helpful in the new normal classroom setup.

When you write your counterclaim, you are expressing unfavorable statements.
Therefore, it is needed that you use hedges, which are words or phrases that give a
courteous tone.

Different forms of hedges

Modals: may, could, would, should, might, certain, must, etc.
Frequency adverbs: usually, generally, commonly
Probability adverbs: probably, possibly, presumably

Example:
The common cold is caused by a virus.
With hedges:
The common cold must be caused by a virus.
The common virus is certain to be caused by a virus.

What’s More

Read the passage carefully. Find the claim, the evidence, and the reasoning in the
passage. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Crecencian T.V.L. senior high school graduates are capable of joining the
workforce and be globally competitive skilled workers since passing the National
Competency II examination is the result of the in-depth training that they had
developed while in school. Crecencian T.V.L instructors are highly skilled in their field
of specialization. They are NC III & IV holders and have years of experience in the
industry before joining the academe. Many of the skilled graduates are now hired by
different corporations and some of them continue their college education in connection
with their chosen strand.

Claim: ______________________________________________________________________

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 ______________________________________________________________________
Evidence: ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Reasoning: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Get your reflection journal then write down your takeaways from the lesson and
their impact on your critical thinking skills. Use the template as your guide.

My takeaways from the lesson How will I apply them tos my

everyday life?

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 What I Can Do

Let’s Talk. This activity aims to make a conversation between the student and
the author of the text. This inspires the learner to challenge claims in a conversational
manner. However, the learner should have an in-depth study of the resources used in
the text
Find an editorial article and try to evaluate and analyze it. Use the given
Dialogic journal template with guide questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper. Please attach the chosen article on your answer sheet.

Before reading the article ask yourself the following questions:

1. Why are you reading the article?
2. What do you hope to learn as you read it?
Name Date:
Title :
Author of the article:
Paragraph
Question/s & page no. Answer/s with supporting detail/s

What issue is emphasized by the

writer?
Is the writer able to take a clear
stand on is issue?

What is the writer’s purpose in

writing the article?

What is the writer’s tone? Why?

Does the writer assume the

readers to agree with his /her
stand?

What are the evidences

presented by the writer to
support his argument?

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 Notes to the Teacher
The teacher may let the students choose their
article to read and analyze.

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which is an example of a probability adverb?
A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above

2. Fact, convention, opinion, and preference are common types of assertion used in
A. Identifying assertion C. Determining evidences
B. Counterclaim D. None of the above

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3. Determining evidences is
A. Asserting facts to support claims C. To details the given support survey
B. Rebutting a previous claim D. Showing courteous

4. Hedges are used to be courteous in expressing

A. Evidence C. Counterclaims
B. Assertions D. Critical reading

5. Critical reading is not to criticize but to assess the validity of the text.
A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. Not so sure

6. Hypertext reading is difficult than intertext reading.

A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

7. Your tone must be courteous when you are writing counterclaims.

A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

8. Critical reading is meant to assess the validity of textual evidence and not to
criticize
A. True C. Both A & B
B. false D. None of the above

9. Interaction with the text is not necessary in evaluating judgment.

A. True C. Both A & B
B. False D. None of the above

10. Which is an example of a modal hedge?

A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above
11. Which is an example of Frequency adverb?
A. Could C. Usually
B. Probably D. None of the above
12. Which of the following is a body of facts given by authors to support their claims?
A. Counter claim C. Evidence
B. Opinion D. None of the above
13. It is the act of giving statement for justification and explanation.

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 A. Hedges C. Asserting
B. Reasoning D. Evidence
14. The following are the forms of hedges, except
A. Modals C. Location adverbs
B. Frequency adverbs D. Probability adverbs
15. It is an engaging in analytic activity which involves the reader by asking questions
about the text and the author’s claim
A. Evidence C. Counterclaims
B. Assertions D. Critical reading

Additional Activities

Write a paragraph on any topic that interests you. Use the outline as your guide.

I. What is your claim?

a. Supporting detail
b. Supporting detail
II. Write three lines or different text evidences that support your argument. a.
b.
c.
III. Write a short counterclaim or counter-argument to the claim.

Rubric
Sufficient Insufficient Score

I. Claim (60%)

II. Evidence (30%)

III. Argument (10%)

TOTAL (100%)

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References
Book
Rodriguez, Maxine Rafaella C. and Tiongson, Marella Therese A., Reading and Writing
Skills, Manila, Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016.

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Answer Keys
What’s in
Answer is letter B

What’s More
Blue – claim, Red – evidence, Green – reasoning
Crecencian T.V.L. senior high school graduates are capable to join the
workforce. Through the in depth training that they had developed in school after they
passed the National Competency II examination. Crecencian T.V.L instructors are
highly skilled in their field of specialization. They are NC III & IV holders and have
years of experience in the industry before joining the academe. In addition many of the
skilled graduates are now hired by different corporations and some of them continue
their college education in connection with their chosen strand.

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What I need to know Assessment
1. A 1. B
2. A 2. A
3. C 3. C
4. C 4. C
5. A 5. A 6. A 7. A
8. A
6. A
9. B
7. B
10. A
8. D
11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C
9. B 15. D
10. C
11. A
12. B 13. C 14. C
15. A

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