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Objective: The Resistor's Current I Is Equal To The Resistor's Voltage (V) Divided by The Resistance R

The purpose of the experiment was to determine unknown resistances using Ohm's law and observe relationships between current, resistance, and serial and parallel circuits. Key parts of the experiment included: 1) Verifying Ohm's law by measuring voltage and current values for a resistor and determining resistance; 2) Measuring resistors in series and parallel and comparing to expected values; and 3) Applying Kirchhoff's laws to calculate voltage and current in a combined series-parallel circuit and comparing to measurements. The results showed that Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws were satisfied with minor differences likely due to measurement errors.

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Hilal Ergün
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57 views4 pages

Objective: The Resistor's Current I Is Equal To The Resistor's Voltage (V) Divided by The Resistance R

The purpose of the experiment was to determine unknown resistances using Ohm's law and observe relationships between current, resistance, and serial and parallel circuits. Key parts of the experiment included: 1) Verifying Ohm's law by measuring voltage and current values for a resistor and determining resistance; 2) Measuring resistors in series and parallel and comparing to expected values; and 3) Applying Kirchhoff's laws to calculate voltage and current in a combined series-parallel circuit and comparing to measurements. The results showed that Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws were satisfied with minor differences likely due to measurement errors.

Uploaded by

Hilal Ergün
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the value of an unknown resistance using
ohm's law and to observe the relationship between electrical current and resistance together
with serial and parallel resistance.

2. BACKGROUND
Ohm's law shows a linear relationship between the voltage and the current in an electrical
circuit. The resistor's current I is equal to the resistor's voltage(V) divided by the resistance R.

Kirchhoff’s First Rule

The algebraic sum of all the currents entering and


leaving a node must be equal to zero. This law is
based on the conservation of energy.

Kirchhoff’s Second Rule

Algebraic sum of all voltages within the loop


must be equal to zero.
3. EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCURE AND RESULTS
TOOLS & MATERIALS
 DC power supply
 Multimeter
 3 different resistors
 Jumper cables
 Breadboard
Part-1: Verifying Ohm’s Law
Set the circuit shown in below by using the breadboard.
Turn on the DC power supply.
Construct the output voltage to V=2V.
Take the 10 diffent value of voltage and current so use this method vary the output voltage
from 2 V to 11 V with 1V increments.
For each output voltage, read and record the reading values of the voltage V and current I
from the multimeter and then fill the values in the Table-(2).

Using the data values, plot the graph of V vs I on a graph paper.


Draw the line passing through the data values on the graph. After that, find the slope of the
line. From the slope, find the experimental value of the resistance R.
According to the resistor color codes, find the expected value of the resistance. Later on,
compare the experimental and expected values of the resistance used in the circuit.

Part-2: Series and Parallel Combination of Resistors

Measure and record the other resistance by using the circuit in part 1.
Arrange the output voltage to V=10 V.
To get the value of V and I for the each resistor R2 or R3, get only one reading of voltage V
and current I.
Then, record the values on the Table-3
Observe the expected values of resistances for the resistors R2 and R3 from their color
codes.
On the part 2, the circuit was set according to the below picture.

Part-3:Kirchhoff’s Law

Arrange the circuit with series and parallel combinations of resistors according to the below
picture
Set the output voltage which is from power supply V=10 V.
Measure the voltage VBC between points B and C and also current IAC flowing in the branch
AC.
Apply Kirchhoff’s rule to calculate the current IAC flowing in the branch AC, and voltage VBC.
Contrast the measured and calculated values. Record the values in the data Table-5.
Table 2: Experimental voltage and current values.

Measurement Experimental Expected

Resistance Reading No Voltage Current Slope,m Color Coded


(V/A)
V (Volts) I (Amperes) R (Ohm) R (Ohm)
1 1 1.652
2 1.96 1.94 mA
3 3.071 3.14 mA
4 3.935 4.01 mA
5 5.11 5.21 mA 10.09/10.3*10-3 1000
6 6.06 6.17 mA
R1 7 7.18 7.31 mA =979.611
8 8.1 8.26 mA
9 9.06 9.25 mA
10 10.09 10.30 mA

Table 3: The voltage and current measurements for the two resistors

Resistance Measurement Experimental Expected


Voltage Current R=V/I Color Coded

(V ) Volts I (Amperes) R (Ohm)


R2 10.00 2.23 mA 4.48x103 4700
R3 10.00 2.22 mA 4.5x103 4700

Table 5: Data values of the current I AC and voltage VBC in the circuit

By Kirchoff’s Rule
Voltage Source Measured By Color Codes
Calculated
Vout (V) VBC (V) IAC (A) R1, R2, R3 VBC (V) IAC (A)

10.08 7.2 3140 mA 3.35x103 7.05


3008mA

Resistances By Color Codes


R1 1000
R2 4700
R3 4700

4.  CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION


In the experiment, resistance, current and voltage properties were observed in
parallel and serial circuits with Kirchhoff's Laws. Series circuits and parallel circuits
were analyzed. It is learned that the current in series connected circuits and the
voltage in parallel connected circuits are equal. As seen from the results, the
experiment completed with success except some minor differences. Due to the
adjustment of the ammeter there were minor errors. Theoretical value and
experimental value were often same but had some minor differences.

5. REPORT QUESTIONS

1.Was Ohm’s law satisfied in Part-1?

Yes, Ohm’s law satisfied in Part-1. . The results calculated according to the V=IR
which is formula of Ohm’s Law.

2.Calculate the percentage differences between the experimental and theoretical


values of resistances and currents.

R1 => Experimental Result = 979.611 The percentage difference is %2.0389

Theoretical Result = 1000

R2 => E.R. = 4480 T.R. 4700 The percentage difference is %4.68

R3 => E.R. =4500 T.R 4700 The percentage difference is %4.25

I => E.R. = 3140 T.R. 3008 The percentage difference is %4.203

6. REFERENCES

https://www.miniphysics.com/kirchhoffs-first-law.html

https://opentextbc.ca/physicstestbook2/chapter/kirchhoffs-rules/

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/kirchhoffs-voltage-law.html

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