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Cell Structure and Functions PPT 6

The document discusses various organelles found in eukaryotic cells including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, ribosomes, and vacuoles. It describes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, noting that RER has ribosomes and is near the nucleus while SER lacks ribosomes and is near the cell membrane. The Golgi complex packages and modifies products in vesicles and synthesizes cell walls. Lysosomes are vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down unwanted materials. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Vacuoles store materials like water, nutrients, and waste.

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1K views

Cell Structure and Functions PPT 6

The document discusses various organelles found in eukaryotic cells including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, ribosomes, and vacuoles. It describes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, noting that RER has ribosomes and is near the nucleus while SER lacks ribosomes and is near the cell membrane. The Golgi complex packages and modifies products in vesicles and synthesizes cell walls. Lysosomes are vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down unwanted materials. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Vacuoles store materials like water, nutrients, and waste.

Uploaded by

rajesh dua
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL- Structure and Functions

(ReCAPITULATION)
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ER is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets

(RER) (SER)
 Has ribosomes on its surface  Does not have ribosomes on its
surface
 Located near the nucleus
 Located near the cell membrane
 Helps in synthesis and transport of
 Helps in synthesis and transport of
proteins. lipids.
Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
 It increases the surface area of the cytoplasm for
various metabolic activities of the cell.
 It forms a supportive framework of the cell.
 It is associated with the synthesis and transport of
lipids and proteins.
GOLGI COMPLEX
 The Golgi apparatus(known as
dictyosome in plants) was first
described by Camillo Golgi.
 It consists of stacks of
membrane-bound flat sacs called
cisterns ,arranged approximately
parallel to each other.
 Functions:
 Storage, modification and
packaging of products in vesicles.
 Synthesis of cell wall during cell
division.
 Formation of lysosomes.
LYSOSOMES
(The waste disposal system )
 Lysosomes are single
membrane bound vesicles
containing digestive
enzymes.
 They digest and destroy any
harmful and unwanted
material (digestive bags).
 They have the capacity to
digest the whole cell by
bursting and releasing their
digestive enzymes( suicidal
bags) .
Ribosomes
(The protein factories of the cell)
 They are dense, spherical
granules made up of
RNA and Proteins.
 They are amembranous
or without a membrane
 They may occur freely in
the cytoplasm or are
found attached to RER.
 They help in synthesis of
proteins.
VACUOLES
(storage sacs)
1. Sap vacuole-
 Membrane bound sacs
filled with cell sap. Its
membrane is called
Tonoplast.
 In animal cells, they are
small sized and more
in number.
 In plant cells , usually
a large sized vacuole is
present in the centre.
 It stores water,nutrients
, waste material etc.
2.Contractile vacuole-
Helps in
osmoregulation in fresh
water unicellular
organisms like Amoeba ,
Paramecium.

3.Food vacuole- Helps in


digestion of food in fresh
water unicellular
organisms like Amoeba ,
Paramecium
ANSWER KEY
16.Differentiate between RER and SER on the basis of their
location and functions.
RER SER
 It has ribosomes on its  It does not have ribosomes
surface. on its surface.
 Located near the nucleus.  Located near the cell
 Helps in synthesis and membrane .
transport of proteins.  Helps in synthesis and
transport of lipids.
17.Write any two important functions of the Golgi apparatus.
 Storage, modification and packaging of products in
vesicles.
 Synthesis of cell wall during cell division.
 Formation of lysosomes.
18. Name the suicidal bags of the cell. Why are they called so?
The lysosomes are the suicidal bags of the cell. They
have the capacity to digest the whole cell by bursting
themselves and releasing their digestive enzymes.
So , they are called as the suicidal bags of the cell .
19.State the role of contractile vacuole and food vacuole in
Amoeba.
-Contractile vacuole helps in osmoregulation i.e.
maintaining salt and water balance .
-Food vacuole helps in digestion of food.

20.Name the protein factories of the cell. Why are they called
so?
The ribosomes are called as the protein factories of the
cell because they help in the synthesis of proteins in the
cell.
Art integrated learning: Cell Rap

Rap is a type of music in which the words are not sung but are
spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way. It is a channel for you to speak
freely about your views. Let’s integrate music and visual arts into our
study of both plant and animal cells. Create a rap that shows your
understanding of how the individual organelles function in a cell.
NUCLEUS
( the control centre of the cell)

(Helps in the synthesis of


ribosomes )
(Entangled mass of DNA)
(Separates nucleoplasm and
cytoplasm)

(Controls the transport of material


between nucleus and cytoplasm)

#Nucleus controls all the activities of the cell and passes


the genetic information from parents to the offspring.
chromatin , chromosome and gene
Inherited traits
chromatin , chromosome and gene
 Chromatin -The entangled mass of thread like
structures seen during the non–dividing stage of the
cell.
(The chromatin condenses to form chromosomes)
 Chromosomes- They are thick rod-shaped structures
which can be seen when the cell is about to divide.
 Chromosomes are composed of DNA and Histone
proteins.
 Gene -The functional segment of DNA which
controls the transfer of the hereditary characteristics
from one generation to the next generation through
the chromosomes.
Types of
Organisms

On the basis of
presence/absence of
nuclear membrane

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL
-lacks a true nucleus -Has a true nucleus.
-Membrane bound cell -Membrane bound cell
organelles are absent organelles are present.
Example- Bacteria, Blue Example- plant cell ,
green algae animal cell etc.
EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL
HOME TASK
 Give reason: The nuclear membrane has pores in it.
 What is the function of the nucleolus in the nucleus?
 Define Gene.
 Differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
ANSWER KEY
21.Give reason: The nuclear membrane has pores in it.
Ans- It controls the transport of various substances between nucleus
and cytoplasm.
22.What is the function of the nucleolus in the nucleus?
Ans- The nucleolus helps in the synthesis of ribosomes .
23.Define Gene.
Ans-It is the functional segment of DNA which controls the transfer of
the hereditary characteristics from one generation to the next
generation through the chromosomes.
24.Differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
They lack a true nucleus They have a true nucleus.

Membrane bound cell Membrane bound cell


organelles are absent organelles are present

Example- Bacteria, Blue Example- Animals and


green algae Plants

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